American Experiment (429 page)

Read American Experiment Online

Authors: James MacGregor Burns

BOOK: American Experiment
3.64Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub

308
[“
None need apply
”]: quoted in Handlin, p. 67.

[
Irish in
Puck]: John J. Appel, “From Shanties to Lace Curtain: The Irish Image in
Puck,
1876-1910,”
Comparative Studies in Society and History,
vol. 13 (1971), pp. 365-75, quoted at p. 367; see also Shannon, ch. 9.

[
Continued social exclusion of Irish
]: see Helen Howe,
The Gentle Americans, 1864-1960: Biography of a Breed
(Harper, 1965), pp. 97-99; Cleveland Amory,
The Proper Bostonians
(E. P. Dutton, 1947), esp. ch. 15; Birmingham; Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy,
Times to Remember
(Doubleday, 1974), pp. 49-52; Richard J. Whalen,
The Founding Father: The Story of Joseph P. Kennedy
(New American Library, 1964), pp. 24-27, 34, 59, 401-2, 417-18; David E.
Koskoff, Joseph P. Kennedy: A Life and Times
(Prentice-Hall, 1974),pp. 18-19, 378-80.

309
[
Limits of Insh liberalism
]: see Levine, chs. 4-6; Mann, ch. 2; Glazer and Moynihan, pp. 229-34, 264-74; Liu, ch. 8; Fallows, ch. 8.

[
Two Patrick Kennedys
]: Tim Pal Coogan, “Sure, and It’s County Kennedy Now,”
New York Times Magazine,
June 23, 1963, pp. 7-9, 32-36; Koskoff, chs. 1-2; Whalen, ch. 1 ; see also the genealogical tables in James MacGregor Burns,
Edward Kennedy and the Camelot Legacy
(Norton, 1976), pp. 344-46.

[
Honey Fitz
]: Doris Kearns Goodwin,
The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys
(Simon and Schuster, 1987), book 1 ; John Henry Cutler, “
Honey Fitz
”:
Three Steps to the White House
(Bobbs-Merrill, 1962); Kennedy, chs. 2-5; Francis Russell,
The Great Interlude: Neglected Events and Persons from the First World War to the Depression
(McGraw-Hill, 1964), pp. 162-90.

310
[
Joe Kennedy
]: Whalen; Koskoff; Goodwin, book 2
passim;
Michael R. Beschloss,
Kennedy and Roosevelt: The Uneasy Alliance
(Norton, 1980); Birmingham, ch. 16; Matthew Josephson,
The Money Lords: The Great Finance Capitalists,
1925-1950 (Weybright and Talley, 1972), pp. 176-87.

[
John Kennedy and Catholicism
]: see Garry Wills,
The Kennedy Imprisonment: A Meditation on Power
(Atlantic Monthly/Little, Brown, 1982), p. 61; Lawrence H. Fuchs,
John F. Kennedy and American Catholicism
(Meredith Press, 1967); James MacGregor Burns
, John Kennedy: A Political Profile
(Harcourt, 1960), ch. 13; Donald F. Crosby,
God, Church, and Flag: Senator Joseph R. McCarthy and the Catholic Church, 1950-1957
(University of North Carolina Press, 1978), p.35; Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.,
A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House
(Houghton Mifflin, 1965), pp. 107-8; see also Goodwin, p. 635.

[
Kennedy and liberalism
]: see Schlesinger, pp. 9-19; Burns,
Profile,
pp. 73-81, 132-36, 264-68; Crosby, pp. 106-7; Herbert S. Parmet,
Jack: The Struggles of John F. Kennedy
(Dial Press, 1980), pp. 175-82, 188-89, 461-62,and ch. 26; David Burner and Thomas R. West,
The Torch Is Passed: The Kennedy Brothers and American Liberalism
(Atheneum, 1984), ch. 3
passim.

[
Schlesinger on Kennedy

s detachment
]: Schlesinger, p. 108; see also Goodwin, pp. 752-55.

[
Kennedy

s womanizing
]: see Joan Blair and Clay Blair, Jr.,
The Search For JFK
(Berkley, 1976),
passim;
Wills, chs. 1-2.

311
[
Curley
]: Joseph F. Dineen,
The Purple Shamrock: The Hon. James Michael Curley of Boston
(Norton, 1949); James Michael Curley,
I

d Do It Again
(Prentice-Hall, 1957); Russell, pp. 191-212; Shannon, ch. 12.

[
Kennedy

s first congressional campaign
]: Parmet, ch. 10; Whalen, ch. 22; Blair and Blair, part 4; Goodwin, pp. 705-21; Koskoff, pp. 405-9; Burns,
Profile,
ch. 4; Kennedy, pp. 306-20.

[
The two Joseph Russos
]: Koskoff, p. 407; Cutler, p. 308; independent anonymous source.

[
Kennedy in the House
]: Blair and Blair, chs. 41-43; Parmet, chs. 11-12; Burns,
Profile,
ch. 5; Goodwin, ch. 40.

312
[“
Felt like a worm there
”]: Interview with Senator John F. Kennedy, 1959.

[
Kennedy

s Senate campaign
]: Parmet, ch. 13; Burns,
Profile,
ch. 6; Goodwin, pp. 755-68; Kennedy, pp. 320-27; Crosby, pp. 108-11; Whalen, ch. 23; Koskoff, pp. 413-17.

312
[
Kennedy

s distance from other Democrats
]: see Parmet, p. 254.

[
Joe Kennedy and the
Post]: Koskoff, pp. 415-16; Whalen, pp. 429-31; Parmet, pp. 242-43.

313
[
Kennedy and McCarthyism
]: Burns,
Profile,
ch. 8; Crosby, pp. 108-13, 205-16; Parmet, pp. 243-52, 300-11.

The Southern Poor

[
Macon County, 1930s
]: Charles S. Johnson,
Shadow of the Plantation
(University of Chicago Press, 1934; reprinted 1979), p. 100.

314
[
FDR on the South
]: message to the Conference on Economic Conditions of the South, July 4, 1938, in
The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt,
Samuel I. Rosenman, comp. (Random House, 1938-50), vol. 7, pp. 421-22, quoted at p. 421.

[
Proportion of American poor black families in South
]: Alan Batchelder, “Poverty: The Special Case of the Negro,” in Louis A. Ferman, Joyce L. Kornbluh, and Alan Haber, eds.,
Poverty in America
(University of Michigan Press, 1965), p. 114.

[Plessy
v.
Ferguson?: 163 U.S. 537 (1896).

[
Black poverty and class structure in South
]: see John Dollard,
Caste and Class in a Southern Town,
3rd ed. (Doubleday Anchor, 1957), ch. 5 and
passim;
Morton Rubin,
Plantation County
(University of North Carolina Press, 1951), pp. 123-32 and passim, Nathan Hare, “Recent Trends in the Occupational Mobility of Negroes, 1930-1960: An Intracohort Analysis,”
Social Forces,
vol. 44, no. 2 (December 1965), pp. 166-73; Batchelder in Ferman et al., pp. 112-19; Tom Kahn, “The Economics of Equality,” in
ibid.,
pp. 153-72; Vivian W. Henderson,
The Economic Status of Negroes: In the Nation and in the South
(Southern Regional Council, 1963); Charles S. Johnson,
Growing Up in the Black Belt: Negro Youth in the Rural South
(1941; Schocken Books, 1907); Johnson,
Shadow;
Robert Coles,
Children of Crisis
(Little, Brown, 1967-78), vol. 2, chs. 4, 7; V. O. Key, Jr.,
Southern Politics in State and Nation
(Knopf, 1949), esp. part 5; Truman M. Pierce et al.,
White and Negro Schools in the South: An Analysis of Biracial Education
(Prentice-Hall, 1955); see also Neil R. Peirce,
The Deep South States of America
(Norton, 1974); Jack Bass and Walter DeVries,
The Transformation of Southern Politics: Social Change and Political Consequence Since 1945
(Basic Books, 1976).

[
Peonage
]: Pete Daniel,
The Shadow of Slavery: Peonage in the South, 1901-1969
(University of Illinois Press, 1972), p. 188 and
passim.

[
Rowan in the South
]: Rowan,
South of Freedom
(Knopf, 1952).

[“
Momma, momma
”]:
ibid.,
p. 40.

315
[
Black migration from Southeast, 1950s
]: Selz C. Mayo and C. Horace Hamilton, “The Rural Negro Population of the South in Transition,”
Phylon,
vol. 24, no. 2 (July 1963), p. 165.

[
Decline in proportion of American blacks in Southeast, 1940-60]: ibid.,
p. 161.

[
Decline in black farm population
]:
ibid.
(Table 1).

[
Migrant workers
]: Dale Wright,
They Harvest Despair: The Migrant Farm Worker
(Beacon Press, 1965); Truman Moore,
The Slaves We Rent
(Random House, 1965); Michael Harrington,
The Other America: Poverty in the United States
(Macmillan, 962), pp. 48-56; Coles, vol. 2, chs. 3, 8.

[
Black migration within South and economic opportunities
]: Mayo and Hamilton, pp. 162, 166-71.

[
Black women as household or service laborers
]:
ibid.,
p. 168 (Table 5).

316
[
Appalachia
]: Harry M. Caudill,
Night Comes to the Cumberlands: A Biography of a Depressed Area
(Atlantic Monthly/Little, Brown, 1963), esp. parts 5-7; William J. Page, Jr., and Earl E. Huyck, “Appalachia: Realities of Deprivation,” in Ben B. Seligman, ed.,
Poverty as a Public Issue
(Free Press, 1965), pp. 152-76; Laurel Shackelford and Bill Weinberg,
Our Appalachia
(Hill and Wang, 1977); Roul Tunley, “The Strange Case of West Virginia,”
Saturday Evening Post,
vol. 232, no. 32 (February 6, 1960), pp. 19-21, 64-66; William H. Turner, “Blacks in Appalachian America: Reflections on Biracial Education and Unionism,”
Phylon,
vol. 44, no. 3 (1983), pp. 198-208.

[“
Low income, high unemployment
”]: Page and Huyck, p. 153.

[“
Fire every damn Nigger
”]: Interview with Milburn (Big Bud) Jackson, in Shackelford and Weinberg, pp. 300-3, quoted at p. 302.

316
[
Harlan County
]: see John W. Hevener,
Which Side Are You On?
:
The Harlan County Coal Miners, 1931-39
(University of Illinois Press, 1978); G. C. Jones,
Growing Up Hard in Harlan County
(University Press of Kentucky, 1985).

[
TVA
]: David E. Lilienthal,
TVA: Democracy on the March
(Harper, 1953); Frank E. Smith,
Land Between the Lakes
(University Press of Kentucky, 1971); Gordon R. Clapp,
The TVA: An Approach to the Development of a Region
(University of Chicago Press, 1955); Caudill, pp. 318-24.

317
[
Texas
]: Robert A. Caro,
The Years of Lyndon Johnson: The Path to Power
(Knopf, 1982), esp. ch. 1; T. R. Fehrenbach,
Lone Star: A History of Texas and the Texans
(Macmillan, 1968); George N. Green,
The Establishment in Texas Politics: The Primitive Years, 1938-1957
(Greenwood Press, 1979); Neil R. Peirce,
The Megastates of America
(Norton, 1972), pp. 495-563; Key, ch. 12.

317-18
[
Johnson, birth to Senate
]: Caro; Alfred Steinberg,
Sam Houston

s Boy
(Macmillan, 1968), chs. 1-27; Doris Kearns,
Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream
(Harper, 1976), chs. 1-3; Ronnie Dugger,
The Politician: The Life and Times of Lyndon Johnson, The Drive For Power, from the Frontier to the Master of the Senate
(Norton, 1982), parts 1-10; Merle Miller,
Lyndon: An Oral Biography
(Putnam, 1980), ch. 1; Sam Houston Johnson,
My Brother Lyndon
(Cowles Book Co., 1970), chs. 2-4; Seth S. McKay,
W. Lee O

Daniel and Texas Politics, 1938-1942
(Texas Tech Press, 1944), ch. 6; Monroe Billington, “Lyndon B. Johnson and the Blacks: The Early Years,”
Journal of Negro History,
vol. 42, no. 1 (January 1977), pp. 26-42; T. Harry Williams, “Huey, Lyndon, and Southern Radicalism,”
Journal of American History,
vol. 40, no. 2 (September 1973), pp. 267-93.

318
[“
Endless chains
”]:
Megastates,
p. 509.

[
Jones
]: Bascom N. Timmons
, Jesse H. Jones: The Man and the Statesman
(Henry Holt, 1956); Jesse H. Jones and Edward Angly,
Fifty Billion Dollars: My Thirteen Years with the HFC
(Macmillan, 1951).

319
[
Texas oilmen
]: Carl Coke Rister,
Oil! Titan of the Southwest
(University of Oklahoma Press, 1949); Richard O’Connor,
The Oil Barons: Men of Greed and Grandeur
(Little, Brown, 1971); Ed Kilman and Theon Wright,
Hugh Roy Cullen: A Story of American Opportunity
(Prentice-Hall, 1954); Harry Hurt III,
Texas Rich: The Hunt Dynasty from the Early Oil Days through the Silver Crash
(Norton, 1981); John Bainbridge,
The Super-Americans
(Doubleday, 1961).

[
Johnson

s 1948 Senate campaign
]: Steinberg, chs. 28-29, “Landslide Lyndon” quoted at p. 276; Dugger, chs. 52-58.

[
Johnson in the Senate
]: Rowland Evans and Robert Novak,
Lyndon B. Johnson: The Exercise of Power
(New American Library, 1966), chs. 3-10; William S. White,
The Professional: Lyndon B. Johnson
(Houghton Mifflin, 1964), chs. 10-11; Kearns,
Johnson,
chs. 4-5 and pp. 379-84; Steinberg,
Johnson,
chs. 30-54; Miller, ch. 2; Alfred Steinberg,
Sam Rayburn
(Hawthorn Books, 1975), ch. 26; Dugger, part 12; William S. White,
Citadel: The Story of The U.S. Senate
(Houghton Mifflin, 1968), pp. 88-89, 101-5, 201-2, 209-10, and
passim.

[
Kearns on Johnson

s election as party whip
]: Kearns,
Johnson,
p. 102.

321
[
FDR and civil rights
]: Harvard Sitkoff,
A New Deal for Blacks: The Emergence of Civil Rights as a National Issue
(Oxford University Press, 1978); Raymond Wollers,
Negroes and the Great Depression: The Problem of Economic Recovery
(Greenwood Publishing, 1970); John B. Kirby, “The Roosevelt Administration and Blacks: An Ambivalent Legacy,” in Barton J. Bernstein and Allen J. Matusow, eds.,
Twentieth-Century America: Recent Interpretations,
2nd ed. (Harcourt, 1972), pp. 265-88.

[
Truman and civil rights
]: Donald R. McCoy and Richard T. Ruetten,
Quest and Response: Minority Rights and the Truman Administration
(University Press of Kansas, 1973), chs. 9, 13, and
passim;
Barton J. Bernstein, “The Ambiguous Legacy: The Truman Administration and Civil Rights,” in Bernstein, ed.,
Politics and Policies of the Truman Administration
(Quadrangle, 1970), pp. 269-314.

Other books

My Soul to Keep by Rachel Vincent
What Mattered Most by Linda Winfree
Cold Midnight by Joyce Lamb
Mountain of Black Glass by Tad Williams
Consequences by Carla Jablonski
The Elementalist by Melissa J. Cunningham
So Much to Learn by Jessie L. Star
Mystery Mutt by Beverly Lewis
Hidden in the Shadows by T. L. Haddix