Austerity Britain, 1945–51 (101 page)

14
. Garry Philipson,
Aycliffe and Peterlee New Towns
(Cambridge, 1988), p 28; James Landsdale Hodson,
The Way Things Are
(1947), pp 282–3.

15
. Andrew Homer, ‘Creating New Communities’,
Contemporary British History
(Spring 2000), pp 65–70; Meryl Aldridge,
The British New Towns
(1979), p 33; Colin Ward,
New Town, Home Town
(Stevenage, 1980), pp 10–11; Bob Mullan,
Stevenage Ltd
(1980), p 42.

16
. M-O A, FR 2375; Harold Orlans,
Stevenage
(1952), pp 63–7; Jack Balchin,
First New Town
(Stevenage, 1980), pp 10–11; Mullan,
Stevenage Ltd
p 42.

17
. Elain Harwood, ‘The Road to Subtopia’, in Andrew Saint (ed),
London Suburbs
(1999), p 133; Saint,
Social Architecture
, p 58. See also Andrew Blowers, ‘London’s Out-county Estates’,
Town and Country Planning
(Sept 1973), pp 409–14.

18
. Simon Berry and Hamish Whyte (eds),
Glasgow Observed
(Edinburgh, 1987), p 234; N. R. Fyfe, ‘Contested Visions of a Modern City’,
Environment and Planning
A
, 28/(1996), p 393; Miles Glendinning, ‘“Public Building”’,
Planning History
, 14/(1992), p 15.

19
. Nick Tiratsoo et al,
Urban Reconstruction in Britain and Japan,
1945
–
55 (Luton, 2002), pp 40–41; John J. Parkinson-Bailey,
Manchester
(Manchester, 2000), p 189; Percy Johnson-Marshall,
Rebuilding Cities
(Edinburgh, 1966), p 294; Alison Ravetz,
Remaking Cities
(1980), p 24; Peter Mandler, ‘New Towns for Old’, in Becky Conekin et al (eds),
Moments of Modernity
(1999), p 214; Peter J. Larkham, ‘The Place of Urban Conservation in the UK Reconstruction Plans of 1942–1952’,
Planning
Perspectives
(Jul 2003), pp 295–324.

20
. Larkham, ‘Place’, p 303; David Kynaston,
The City of London, Volume IV
(2001), p 128; Junichi Hasegawa,
Replanning the Blitzed City Centre
(Buckingham, 1992), p 120.

21
.
Coventry Evening Telegraph
, 10/13/19 Oct 1945; Phil Hubbard et al, ‘Contesting the Modern City’,
Planning Perspectives
(Oct 2003), p 388.

22
. Tiratsoo et al,
Urban Reconstruction
, p 11; Ravetz,
Remaking
, pp 39, 66; Arnold Whittick,
F.J.O.
(1987), p 91; J. B. Cullingworth,
Town and Country Planning
in England and Wales
(1964), p 269; Headlam, pp 505–6;
The Times
, 1 Jul 1948.

23
. Edmund Dell,
A Strange Eventful History
(1999), p 74; Alun Howkins,
The Death
of Rural England
(2003), p 147; Scott Newton and Dilwyn Porter,
Modernisation
Frustrated
(1988), p 117;
Financial Times
, 16 Feb 1991 (Andrew St George);
Independent
, 23 Oct 1999 (Duff Hart-Davis).

7 Glad to Sit at Home

1.
Streat, p 310; Anthony Howard, ‘“We Are The Masters Now”’, in Michael Sissons and Philip French (eds),
Age of Austerity
(Oxford, 1986), p 16; James Lees-Milne,
Caves of Ice
(Faber edn, 1984), pp 38, 46;
Independent
, 16 Dec 1991; David Kynaston,
The City of London, Volume IV
(2001), pp 8–9, 19, 24; Ralph Miliband,
Parliamentary Socialism
(1972), p 291.

2.
James Lansdale Hodson,
The Way Things Are
(1947), p 309; Martin Daunton,
Just
Taxes
(Cambridge, 2002), p 221; Kenneth O. Morgan,
Labour in Power,
1945
–
1951 (Oxford, 1984), p 185.

3.
The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, Volume II
(1968), p 99;
The Complete Works of George Orwell, Volume
16 (1998), p 425;
The Collected
Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, Volume IV
(1968), pp 220–21; Kenneth O. Morgan,
The People’s Peace
(Oxford, 1990), p 108; Osborn, p 108; John Littlewood,
North Hants Golf Club Centenary History,
1904
–
2004 (Droitwich, 2004), p 65.

4.
David Cannadine,
In Churchill’s Shadow
(2002), p 236; Lees-Milne,
Caves
, p 94; J. B. Priestley,
Letter to a Returning Serviceman
(1945), p 31; Steven Fielding et al,
‘England Arise!’
(Manchester, 1995), pp 137–8.

5.
Fielding et al,
‘England Arise!’
, pp 139, 152–4; Richard Weight,
Patriots
(2002), pp 185, 190.

6.
Radio Times
, 27 Sept 1946; Fielding et al,
‘England Arise!’
, p 147;
Radio Times
, 27 Sept 1946; BBC WA, R9/9/11 – LR/47/1778, 6 Nov 1947; BBC WA, R9/9/11 – LR/47/161, 3 Feb 1947; BBC WA, R9/9/12 – LR/48/596, 16 Apr 1948;
Listener
, 30 Jan 1947; Asa Briggs,
The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom,
Volume IV
(Oxford, 1979), p 82.

7.
Priestley,
Letter
, p 30; Raphael Samuel, ‘The Lost World of British Communism’,
New Left Review
(Nov/Dec 1985), p 8; Osborn, p 133; Fielding et al,
‘England
Arise!’
, chap 5.

8.
Bertram Hutchinson,
Willesden and the New Towns
(1947), pt IV;
Planning
, 15 Aug 1947, p 72; M-O A, TC 53/2/A;
Listener
, 23 Oct 1947.

9. Dilwyn Porter, ‘The Attlee Years Reassessed’,
Contemporary European History
, 4/(1994), p 98; Sagittarius,
Let Cowards Flinch
(1947), p 24; Speed, 14 Oct 1946.

8 Christ It’s Bleeding Cold

1.
Hodgson, 1 Jan 1947; William Ashworth,
The History of the British Coal Industry,
Volume
5 (Oxford, 1986), pp 6, 3; Bill Jones et al, ‘“Going from Darkness to the Light”’,
Llafur
, 7/1 (1996), pp 103–8;
Durham Chronicle
, 10 Jan 1947;
Coal Magazine
(Jan 1949), p 7.

2.
Ferdynand Zweig,
Men in the Pits
(1948), pp 10, 15, 108–11, 142–3.

3.
Jones et al, ‘“Going”’, pp 100, 104; Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska, ‘South Wales Miners’ Attitudes towards Nationalisation’,
Llafur
, 6/(1994), pp 73–4, 76; Peter Ackers and Jonathan Payne, ‘Before the Storm’,
Social History
(May 2002), pp 193–4.

4.
W. R. Garside,
The Durham Miners,
1919
–
1960 (1971), p 395; Mark Tookey, ‘Three’s a Crowd?’,
Twentieth Century British History
, 12/(2001), pp 500, 504– 5, 495; Gaitskell, pp 28–30; Alex J. Robertson,
The Bleak Midwinter
(Manchester, 1987), p 73.

5.
Heap, 22 Jan 1947; Speed, 24–5/28–30 Jan 1947; SWCC (South Wales Coalfield Collection at Archives, University of Wales Swansea), Oakdale Navigation Lodge minutes, MNA/NUM/L/59/A23; James Lees-Milne,
Caves of Ice
(Faber edn, 1984), p 131.

6.
London Magazine
(Aug 1956), pp 45–7; John Lehmann,
The Ample Proposition
(1966), pp 30, 70.

7.
Lewis, 3 Feb 1947; King, 3/5 Feb 1947; James Lansdale Hodson,
The Way Things
Are
(1947), pp 313, 316; King, 7 Feb 1947;
Financial Times
, 8 Feb 1947; Ferguson, 9 Feb 1947; Hodgson, 9 Feb 1947; Lees-Milne,
Caves
, p 134.

8.
Robertson,
Bleak Midwinter
, pp 18, 21, 95–6; Jones et al, ‘“Going”’, pp 101, 108; SWCC, Penalta Lodge records, MNA/NUM/L/63/D50; Zweig,
Pits
, pp 17–18. .

9.
The Letters of Kingsley Amis
(2000), p 116; David Kynaston,
The City of London,
Volume IV
(2001), p 18; Speed, 10/18 Feb 1947; Haines, 13 Feb 1947; Langford, 14/16/22 Feb 1947; Heap, 19 Feb 1947; Lewis, 14/19 Feb 1947.

10
. M-O A, TC 68/5/B; Robertson,
Bleak Midwinter
, p 116.

11
. Roy Hattersley,
A Yorkshire Boyhood
(1983), p 135; Bill Wyman,
Stone Alone
(1990), p 47; John Coldstream,
Dirk Bogarde
(2004), pp 162–7; Artemis Cooper,
Writing at the Kitchen Table
(1999), pp 131–2.

12
. Robertson,
Bleak Midwinter
, pp 117–18; Hodgson, 3 Mar 1947; Langford, 10 Mar 1947.

13
. Ford, 18 Mar 1947; Susan Cooper, ‘Snoek Piquante’, in Michael Sissons and Philip French (eds),
Age of Austerity
(Oxford, 1986), p 37; Robertson,
Bleak Midwinter
, pp 122–5; Steven Fielding et al,
‘England Arise!’
(Manchester, 1995), pp 161–2; MO A, TC 25/17/F;
Times
, 19 Mar 1947.

14
. Robertson,
Bleak Midwinter
, p 158; Pearson Phillips, ‘The New Look’, in Sissons and French,
Age of Austerity
, p 127.

15
. Zweig,
Pits
, pp 11, 155–60; Roy Mason,
Paying the Price
(1999), p 42.

16
. See the stimulating, persuasive analysis in Ackers and Payne, ‘Before the Storm’, pp 184–209.

17
. M-O A, FR 3007.

9 Our Prestige at Stake

1.
M-O A, TC 3/3/C; Mary Abbott,
Family Affairs
(2003), p 111;
News Chronicle
, 15 Apr 1948.

2.
Hodgson, 10 Mar 1947; M-O A, TC 1/9/F; Janice Winship, ‘Nation Before Family’, in
Formations of Nations and People
(1984), pp 197–8.

3. M-O A, TC 85/7/B; Geoffrey Thomas,
Women and Industry
(1948), pp 1, 4; Phyllis Willmott,
Joys and Sorrows
(1995), pp 21–2; Willmott, 18 Jul 1947;
The Times
, 22 Sept 1988,
Independent
, 23 Sept 1988; Sue Aspinall, ‘Women, Realism and Reality in British Films, 1943–53’, in James Curran and Vincent Porter (eds),
British Cinema
History
(1983), p 286.

4.
M-O A, FR 2537.

5.
Phyllis G. Allen, ‘Evening Activities in the Home’,
Sociological Review
(1951), Section 7, pp 1–15; BBC WA, R9/9/12–LR/48/1261; Anthony Adamthwaite, ‘“Nation Shall Speak Unto Nation”’,
Contemporary Record
(Winter 1993), pp 558–9.

6.
BBC WA, R9/21; Haines, 26 Jul 1947, 9 Aug 1947, 11/13/16 Sept 1947, 4 Oct 1947; Ford, 9–10/12/29 Feb 1948, 1/15 Mar 1948; BBC WA, R9/9/12–LR/48/1219. .

7.
Radio Times
, 11 Apr 1947;
Independent
, 1 Jun 1990 (Sowerbutts obituary); M-O A, TC 53/2/D; Helena Barrett and John Phillips,
Suburban Style
(1987), p 186; Jenny Uglow,
A Little History of British Gardening
(2004), p 286.

8.
Daily Express
, 10/12 May 1947; Neville Cardus,
Cardus in the Covers
(1978), p 106;
Independent
, 31 Oct 2003;
Daily Telegraph
, 16 Dec 1991 (Arlott obituary);
Pilot Papers
(Dec 1947), p 75.

9. Patrick Slater,
The Demand for Holidays in
1947
and
1948 (The Social Survey, 1948), p 2; M-O A, TC 58/2/F; Chaplin, 7/3/1, 18 Jun 1947.

10
. Brown, 1/16, 7 May 1947; Langford, 12 Aug 1947; Colin Ward and Dennis Hardy,
Goodnight Campers!
(1986), p 110; M-O A, TC 58/2/G.

11
. Chris Bryant,
Glenda Jackson
(1999), pp 9–10; Bill Wyman,
Stone Alone
(1990), pp 48–9; Brian Simon,
Education and the Social Order,
1940
–
1990 (1991), p 108; L. S. Hearnshaw,
Cyril Burt
(1979), p 118; Nirmala Rao, ‘Labour and Education’,
Contemporary British History
(Summer 2002), p 113.

10 The Whole World is Full of Permits

1.
Kenneth O. Morgan,
Labour in Power,
1945
–
1951 (Oxford, 1984), pp 253–4; Giles Radice,
Friends and Rivals
(2002), p 64; Edward Pearce,
Denis Healey
(2002), p 76.