Austerity Britain, 1945–51 (106 page)

13
. Broadberry and Crafts, ‘Economic Policy’, p 70; Roy Lewis and Angus Maude,
Professional People
(1952); Owen,
From Empire
, pp 419–21;
Dictionary of Business
Biography, Volume
3 (1985), pp 690–93.

14
. Owen,
From Empire
, pp 189–90;
Financial Times
, 1 Mar 1991 (McDonald obituary);
Daily Telegraph
, 2 Mar 2001 (Bamford obituary);
Independent
, 4 Sept 2001 (Hamlyn obituary);
Dictionary of Business Biography, Volume
4 (1985), pp 689–93.

15
. Papers of Lord Hinton of Bankside (Institution of Mechanical Engineers), A.3, p 242. In general on Portal, see: Denis Richards,
Portal of Hungerford
(1977);
Dictionary
of Business Biography, Volume
4 (1985), pp 759–62 (entry by Geoffrey Tweedale).

16
. Nick Tiratsoo, ‘“Cinderellas at the Ball”’,
Contemporary British History
(Autumn 1999), pp 105–20; Tiratsoo, ‘Limits of Americanisation’, in Becky Conekin et al (eds),
Moments of Modernity
(1999), p 110; Maurice Zinkin, ‘The Unilever Years III’, in Charles Wilson (ed),
Geoffrey Heyworth
(1985), p 27; Alec Cairncross,
Living with the Century
(Fife, 1998), p 182; D. C. Coleman,
Courtaulds, Volume
III
(Oxford, 1980), pp 12–38.

17. Derek H. Aldcroft and Michael J. Oliver,
Trade Unions and the Economy
(Aldershot, 2000), pp 46, 90; Richard Hyman, ‘Praetorians and Proletarians’, in Jim Fyrth (ed),
Labour’s High Noon
(1993), p 166.

18
.
Economic Journal
(Dec 1949), p 509; Robert Taylor,
The TUC
(Basingstoke, 2000), pp 104–21; Noel Whiteside, ‘Industrial Relations and Social Welfare, 1945–79’, in Chris Wrigley (ed),
A History of British Industrial Relations,
1939
–
1979 (Chel-tenham, 1996), p 111.

19
. David Howell, ‘“Shut Your Gob!”’, in Alan Campbell et al (eds),
British Trade
Unions and Industrial Politics, Volume One
(Aldershot, 1999), pp 122–3; John Callaghan, ‘Industrial Militancy, 1945–79’,
Twentieth Century British History
, 15/(2004), pp 388–401;
The Times
, 14 Apr 1953 (labour correspondent).

20
. Allan Flanders,
Trade Unions
(1952), pp 78–9; William Brown, ‘The High Tide of Consensus’,
Historical Studies in Industrial Relations
(Sept 1997), pp 135–49.

21
. Ferdynand Zweig,
The British Worker
(1952), pp 180, 185; Taylor,
TUC
, p 103; Joseph Goldstein,
The Government of British Trade Unions
(1953), pp 9, 239, 269; Flanders,
Trade Unions
, pp 57–8.

22. Ferdynand Zweig,
Women’s Life and Labour
(1952), pp 126, 129–30; Chris Wrigley, ‘Trade Union Development, 1945–79’, in idem (ed),
History
, p 65; Pearl Jephcott,
Rising Twenty
(1948), pp 121–2.

23. Brown, ‘High Tide’, pp 141, 144; Zweig,
British Worker
, pp 175–6.

8 Too High a Price

1. Roger Middleton,
The British Economy since
1945 (Basingstoke, 2000), p 119; BBC WA,
Any Questions?
, 2 Mar 1951;
New Statesman
, 24 Nov 2003 (Gerald Crompton);
Sunday Times
, 12 Aug 2001 (Corelli Barnett); Charles Loft, ‘The Beeching Myth’,
History Today
(Aug 2004), p 39; Correlli Barnett,
The
Lost Victory
(Pan edn, 1996), pp 265–6; Correlli Barnett,
The Verdict of Peace
(2001), p 138.

2.
Barnett,
Verdict
, p 464, 465; Roger Fieldhouse, ‘Education and Training for the Workforce’, in Jim Fyrth (ed),
Labour’s High Noon
(1993), pp 98–100, 107–8; Brian Simon,
Education and the Social Order,
1940
–
1990 (1991), p 91; Kevin McCormick, ‘Elite Ideologies and Manipulation in Higher Education’,
Sociological Review
(Feb 1982), pp 59–60.

3.
Martin Daunton,
Just Taxes
(Cambridge, 2002), pp 221, 227; R. C. Whiting, ‘Income Tax, The Working Class and Party Politics, 1948–52’,
Twentieth Century British
History
, 8/2 (1977), pp 202–3, 216; Geoffrey Thomas,
Incentives in Industry
(1953), p 24.

4.
Helen Mercer, ‘Anti-monopoly Policy’, in Mercer et al (eds),
Labour Governments
and Private Industry
(Edinburgh, 1992), p 57; Peter Bird,
The First Food Empire
(Chichester, 2000), p 239; Geoffrey Tweedale,
Steel City
(Oxford, 1995), p 330.

5.
Ferdynand Zweig,
Productivity and Trade Unions
(Oxford, 1951), pp 16–25; S. N. Broadberry and N.F.R. Crafts, ‘The Post-War Settlement’,
Business History
(Apr 1998), p 75. For an antidote to the Broadberry/Crafts stress on the seriousness and pervasiveness of the problem, see: Nick Tiratsoo and Jim Tomlinson, ‘Restrictive Practices on the Shopfloor in Britain, 1945–60’,
Business History
(Apr 1994), pp 65–84.

6.
David Kynaston,
The Financial Times
(1988), p 298; Norman Tebbit,
Upwardly
Mobile
(1988), p 15.

7.
Daily Mirror
, 30 Sept 1949.

8.
Nick Tiratsoo, ‘Limits of Americanisation’, in Becky Conekin et al,
Moments of
Modernity
(1999), pp 96–113; Ian Clark,
Governance, the State, Regulation and
Industrial Relations
(2000), chap 6.

9.
M-O A, Directives for Aug 1950, Replies (Men A–E);
Listener
, 2 Feb 1950; Charles Barr,
Ealing Studios
(1977), pp 159–64, 166–70.

9 Proper Bloody Products

1. Gaitskell, p 121; Simon Courtauld,
To Convey Intelligence
(1999), pp 17–18. See also Michael Richardson,
The Durham Miners’ Gala
(Derby, 2001).

2.
Gaitskell, pp 60, 89, 93;
Dictionary of Business Biography, Volume
3 (1985), pp 255– 60 (entry by Jenny Davenport).

3.
Coal Magazine
(Jan 1949), p 7; William Warren Haynes,
Nationalization in Practice
(1953), pp 140–41; Neil K. Buxton,
The Economic Development of the British Coal
Industry
(1978), pp 234–5;
Listener
, 23 Nov 1950.

4.
Coal Magazine
(Jan 1949), p 7; Paul Routledge,
Scargill
(1993), pp 27–8; Michael P. Jackson,
The Price of Coal
(1974), p 81; William Ashworth,
The History of the
British Coal Industry, Volume
5 (Oxford, 1986), p 169; Stanislas Wellisz, ‘Strikes in Coal-Mining’,
British Journal of Sociology
(Dec 1953), pp 346–66;
Observer
, 3 Aug 1952.

5.
Jackson,
Price
, p 95; Norman Dennis et al,
Coal is Our Life
(Tavistock Publications edn, 1969), pp 14, 75–6, 78–83, 97–112; Ferdynand Zweig,
The British Worker
(1952), pp 34, 104; Routledge,
Scargill
, pp 21–2.

6.
Picture Post
, 28 Feb 1948.

7.
Jim Phillips, ‘The Postwar Political Consensus and Industrial Unrest in the Docks, 1945–55’,
Twentieth Century British History
, 6/3 (1995), p 304.

8. Correlli Barnett,
The Verdict of Peace
(2001), pp 251, 255;
The Times
, 8 Jul 1949; Correlli Barnett,
The Lost Victory
(Pan edn, 1996), pp 270–71; Fred Lindup, ‘Unofficial Militancy in the Royal Group of Docks, 1945–67’,
Oral History
(Autumn 1983), pp 21–33; Peter Turnbull, ‘Dock Strikes and the Demise of the Dockers’ “Occupational Culture”’,
Sociological Review
(May 1992), p 295;
Dictionary of
Labour Biography, Volume IX
(Basingstoke, 1993), pp 59–63 (entry by Daniel Ballard and David E. Martin);
Independent
, 9 Jun 1989 (Dash obituary).

9.
Phillips, ‘Political Consensus’, p 305; Peter Turnbull et al, ‘Persistent Militants and Quiescent Comrades’,
Sociological Review
(Nov 1996), pp 708–9; Ballard and Martin,
Dictionary of Labour
, p 60; Colin J. Davis, ‘New York City and London, 1945– 1960’, in Sam Davies et al (eds),
Dock Workers
(Aldershot, 2000), pp 223–4.

10. University of Liverpool (Department of Social Science),
The Dock Worker
(Liverpool, 1954), pp 56, 66, 68, 89–90, 125–6, 140, 174, 176–8, 185, 189, 202.

11
.
The Times
, 27 Oct 1948;
Financial Times
, 28 Oct 1948;
Listener
, 11 Nov 1948; Roy Church,
The Rise and Decline of the British Motor Industry
(Basingstoke, 1994), p 44; James Foreman-Peck et al,
The British Motor Industry
(Manchester, 1995), p 94; Political & Economic Planning,
Motor Vehicles
(1950), pp 36–40; Peter J. S. Dunnett,
The Decline of the British Motor Industry
(1980), pp 36–40.

12
. Political & Economic Planning,
Motor Vehicles
, pp 28–9; David Burgess-Wise,
Ford
at Dagenham
(Derby, 2002?), pp 99, 102, 118; Graham Turner,
The Car Makers
(Penguin edn, 1964), p 35; Geoffrey Owen,
From Empire to Europe
(1999), p 219;
Dictionary of Business Biography, Volume
3 (1985) (entry by David Burgess-Wise); Barnett,
Lost Victory
, pp 332–6.

13
. Burgess-Wise,
Business Biography
, p 169; Dave Lyddon, ‘The Car Industry, 1945– 79’, in Chris Wrigley (ed),
A History of British Industrial Relations,
1939
–
1979 (Cheltenham, 1996), p 194; Peter Pagnamenta and Richard Overy,
All Our Working
Lives
(1984), p 225; Huw Beynon,
Working for Ford
(Pelican edn, 1984), p 54; Steve Humphries and John Taylor,
The Making of Modern London,
1945
–
1985 (1986), p 11; Turner,
Car Makers
, pp 130–35. In general on Ford, see also Steven Tolliday, ‘Ford and “Fordism” in Postwar Britain’, in Tolliday and Jonathan Zeitlin (eds),
The Power to Manage?
(1991), pp 81–114.

14
. Len Holden,
Vauxhall Motors and the Luton Economy,
1900
–
2002 (Woodbridge, 2003), p 57, chap 6; H. A. Turner et al,
Labour Relations in the Motor Industry
(1967), p 347; Lyddon, ‘Car Industry’, pp 197–8.

15
. Roy Church, ‘Deconstructing Nuffield’,
Economic History Review
(Aug 1996), pp 561–83; Church,
Rise and Decline
, p 79; Graham Turner,
The Leyland Papers
(1971), pp 92–4; Barnett,
Verdict
, pp 387–8; Steven Tolliday, ‘Government, Employers and Shop Floor Organization in the British Motor Industry’ in Tolliday and Jonathan Zeitlin (eds),
Shop Floor Bargaining and the State
(Cambridge, 1985), pp 108, 118; Les Gurl Papers (Archives, Ruskin College, Oxford), 57/1.

16
. Mark Singlehurst and Kevin Wilkins,
Coventry Car Factories
(Coventry, 1995), p 12; David Thoms and Tom Donnelly,
The Coventry Motor Industry
(Aldershot, 2000), pp 128, 136; John Salmon, ‘Wage Strategy, Redundancy and Shop Stewards in the Coventry Motor Industry’, in Michael Terry and P. K. Edwards (eds),
Shopfloor Politics and Job Controls
(Oxford, 1988), p 189; Laurence Thompson,
Portrait of England
(1952), p 79.

17
. Jack Jones,
Union Man
(1986), p 123; Steven Tolliday, ‘High Tide and After’, in Bill Lancaster and Tony Mason (eds),
Life and Labour in a Twentieth-Century
City
(Coventry, 1986?), pp 209–10, 215–16; Paul Thompson, ‘Playing at Being Skilled Men’,
Social History
(Jan 1988), pp 56–64.

18
. Thoms and Donnelly,
Coventry
, pp 157–8; Tolliday, ‘High Tide’, pp 210–12.

19
. Thompson, ‘Playing’, pp 61, 68–9; Barnett,
Lost Victory
, pp 388–90; Pagnamenta and Overy,
Working Lives
, p 229; Martin Adeney,
The Motor Makers
(1988), p 206. For a different perspective on Standard in the Black era, see: Nick Tiratsoo, ‘The Motor Car Industry’, in Helen Mercer et al (eds),
Labour Governments and
Private Industry
(Edinburgh, 1992), pp 170–80.