Catherine the Great (67 page)

Epilogue

• 1.
  Karlik favorita: Istoriia zhizni Ivana Iakubovskago
  , ed. V. P. Zubov (Munich, 1968), 41.
  
• 2.
  Zapiski, mneniia i perepiska admiral A. S. Shishkova
  , 2 vols. (Berlin, 1870), i: 9–10.
  
• 3. Wortman,
  Scenarios
  , 171–2; McGrew, 210.
  
• 4. Madariaga, 569–70; McGrew, 184–5, 190, and ch. 6
  passim
  .
  
• 5. Parkinson, 22–3, 143.
  
• 6.
  Memoirs of Countess Golovine
  , 129.
  
• 7. See Hughes, ‘The funerals of the Russian emperors and empresses’, 395–419.
  
• 8.
  Memoirs of Countess Golovine
  , 130–2.
  
• 9. M. B. Asvarishch, et al,
  Tsareubiistvo 11 Marta 1801 goda
  (SPb, 2001), 69, no. 24.
  
• 10. McGrew, 194.
  
• 11. Asvarishch,
  Tsareubiistvo
  , 24–32.
  
• 12. Asvarishch,
  Tsareubiistvo
  , 67, no. 28.
  
• 13. Wortman,
  Scenarios
  , 172–3; M. Safonov,
  Zaveshchanie Ekateriny II: Roman-issledovanie
  (SPb, 2002), 216–26; Asvarishch,
  Tsareubiistvo
  , 23, no. 22.
  
• 14. Asvarishch,
  Tsareubiistvo
  , 69, no. 25.
  
• 15.
  Zapiski A. A. Iakovleva, byvshego v 1803 godu ober-prokurorom Sv. Sinoda
  , ed. V. A. Andreev (M, 1915), 36, note;
  Sobranie rechei…Amvrosiem Mitropolitom Novgorodskim i Sanktpeterburgskim
  (M, 1810), 17, 66–7.
  
• 16. P. Hayden, ‘Tsarskoe Selo: The History of the Ekaterininskii and Aleksandrovskii Parks’, in
  A sense of place: Tsarskoe Selo and its poets
  , eds. L. Loseff and B. Scherr (Columbus, OH, 1993), 28.
  
• 17. A. Makhrov, ‘Architecture and politics: Catherine the Great’s “Greek Project” in the works of Nikolai L’vov’,
  SGECRN
  , 26 (1998), 12; Wortman,
  Scenarios
  , 153, 160, 172–3.
  
• 18. McGrew, ch. 10.
  
• 19.
  PSZ
  , xxvi: 19,779, 12 Mar. 1801. This section draws in revised form on materials first discussed in my article, ‘The posthumous reputation of Catherine II in Russia, 1797–1837’,
  SEER
  , 77 (1999), 646–79, where further references may be found.
  
• 20. A. G. Cross, ‘Contemporary responses (1762–1810) to the personality and career of Princess Ekaterina Romanovna Dashkova’,
  Oxford Slavonic Papers
  , NS 27 (1994), 56;
  The Russian Journals of Martha and Catherine Wilmot
  , ed. the Marchioness of Londonderry and H.M. Hyde (London, 1935), 52, Martha’s Journal, 23 Sept. 1803.
  
• 21. A. Malinovskii, ‘Svedeniia dlia zhizneopisaniia Kniagini Ekateriny Romanovny Dashkovoi’, appendix to S. R. Dolgova, ‘E.R. Dashkova i sem’ia Malinovskikh’, in
  Ekaterina Romanovna Dashkova: Issledovaniia i materialy
  (SPb, 1996), 78.
  
• 22.
  Russian Journals
  , 206, Catherine to her sister, Alicia, 2 Dec. 1805.
  
• 23. K[niaginia] D[ashkova] and A. K.,
  Podlinnye Anekdoty Imperatritsy Ekateriny Velikoi Premudroi Materi Otechestva
  (M, 1806), iii.
  
• 24. V. Iu. Afiani, ‘Stanovlenie zhurnal’noi arkheografii v Rossii v pervoi treti XIX v.’,
  Arkheograficheskii ezhegodnik za 1989 god
  (M, 1990), 30.
  
• 25.
  Zapiski kasatel’no Rossiiskoi Istorii: Sochineniia Gosudaryni Imperatritsy Ekateriny II
  , 6 parts (SPb, 1801);
  Filosoficheskaia i politicheskaia perepiska Imperatritsy s Doktorom Tsimermannom
  etc. (SPb, 1801);
  Ermitazhnyi Teatr Velikiia Ekateriny
  etc. etc. (M, 1802);
  Perepiska Rossiiskoi Imperatritsy Ekateriny II s gospodiny Vol’tera
  etc., 2 parts (M, 1803).
  
• 26. [N.M. Karamzin],
  Pokhval’noe slovo Ekaterine Vtoroi
  (M, 1802).
  
• 27. P. Kolotov,
  Deianiia Ekateriny, Imperatritsy i Samoderzhitsy Vserossiiskiia
  , 6 parts (SPb, 1811).
  
• 28. I. S[reznevskii],
  Dukh Ekateriny Velikiia
  etc. etc. (SPb, 1814), foreword, n.p.
  
• 29.
  Russian Journals
  , 386, 388, Martha’s Journal, 7 Oct. 1808.
  
• 30. F. F. Vigel,
  Zapiski
  , ed. S. Ia. Straikh, 2 vols. (M, 1928), i: 100.
  
• 31. P. Sumarokov,
  Progulka po 12-ti guberniiam s istoricheskimi i statisticheskimi zamecheniiami v 1838 godu
  (SPb, 1839), 202.
  
• 32. D. Davydov,
  Voennye zapiski
  , ed. V. Orlov (M, 1940), 415; idem,
  Sochineniia
  (M, 1985), 129.
  
• 33. A. I. Gertsen,
  Sobranie sochinenii
  , 30 vols. (M, 1954–65), vii: 53; A. Herzen,
  My past and thoughts
  , trans. C. Garnett, 4 vols. (London, 1968), ii: 531.
  
• 34.
  1857–1861: Perepiska Imperatora Aleksandra II s Velikim Kniazem Konstantinom Nikolaevichem; Dnevnik Velikago Kniazia Konstantina Nikolaevicha
  , eds. L. G. Zakharova and L. I. Tiutiunnik (M, 1994), 212, diary, 13 Dec. 1859.
  
• 35. Herzen,
  My past and thoughts
  , ii: 448.
  
• 36. A. P. Kern,
  Vospominaniia, dnevniki, perepiska
  (M, 1989), 115;
  Zapiski Sverbeeva
  , i: 242–4; ii: 283–4.
  
• 37. T. A. Alekseeva,
  Vladimir Lukich Borovikovskii i russkaia kul’tura na rubezhe 18–19 vekov
  (M, 1975), 105–6.
  
• 38. A. Grigor’ev,
  Vospominaniia
  , ed. B. F. Egorov (M, 1988), 37.
  
• 39.
  Russian Journals
  , 386, Martha’s Journal, 7 Oct. 1808.
  
• 40. K. Sh-v, ‘Tsaritsyno’,
  Vestnik Evropy
  , 11 (1804), July, 219–22.
  
• 41. P. A. Viazemskii,
  Polnoe sobranie sochinenii
  , v: 127–8; A. F. Merzliakov, ‘Rassuzhdenie o Rossiiskom slovesnoti v nyneshnem ee sostoianii (1812)’ reprinted in
  Literaturnaia kritika 1800–1820-kh godov
  , ed. L. G. Frizman (M, 1980), 125.
  
• 42.
  Sochineniia Nikolaia Grecha
  , 3 vols. (SPb, 1855), iii: 320–1.
  
• 43. K. N. Batiushkov,
  Opyty i stikakh v proze
  , ed. I. M. Semenko (M, 1977), 80.
  
• 44.
  Literaturnaia kritika
  , ed. Frizman, 36–7, 43.
  
• 45.
  Poliarnaia zvezda
  , eds. V. A. Arkhipov et al (Moscow-Leningrad, 1960), 15.
  
• 46. Pushkin,
  Polnoe sobranie sochinenii
  , xiii: 178, to A. A. Bestuzhev, late May/early June 1825.
  
• 47.
  Memoirs of John Quincy Adams
  , 12 vols. (Philadelphia, PA, 1874–7), ii: 115.
  
• 48.
  PSZ
  , xxvi: 19,904, 5 June 1801.
  
• 49. Parkinson, 61; V. Khodasevich,
  Derzhavin: A biography
  , trans. A. Brantlinger (Madison, WI, 2007), 93–4; N. Riasanovsky,
  Nicholas I and Official Nationality 1825–1855
  (Berkeley, CA, 1969), 116–7.
  
• 50. M. V. Klochkov, ‘Nakaz imperatritsy Ekateriny II v sudebnoi praktike’,
  Sbornik statei v chesti M. K. Liubavskago
  (Petrograd, 1917), 1–18.
  
• 51.
  Arkhiv brat’ev Turgenevykh, vyp. 6: Perepiska Aleksandra Ivanovicha Turgeneva s kn. Petrom Aleksandrovichom Viazemskim, chast’ I: 1814–1833 gody
  (Petrograd, 1921), 295, Aug. 1833;
  Dekabrist N. I. Turgenev: Pis’ma k bratu S. I. Turgenevu
  , ed. N. G. Svirin (M, 1936), 245, 15 Dec. 1817; Madariaga,
  Politics and Culture
  , 236.
  
• 52.
  AKV
  , xxi: 361.
  
• 53.
  Karamzin’s Memoir on Ancient and Modern Russia
  , ed. and trans. R. Pipes (New York, 1972), 133.
  
• 54. M. M. Speranskii,
  Proekty i zapiski
  , ed. S. N. Valk (Moscow-Leningrad, 1961), 20, 140.
  
• 55.
  Memoirs of Countess Golovine
  , 35.
  
• 56. For detailed references, see my essay ‘“Prosveshchenie”: Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Russia’, in
  Peripheries of the Enlightenment
  , eds. R. Butterwick, S. Davies and G. Sanchez-Espinoza,
  Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century
  (2008:01).
  
• 57.
  Sochineniia Derzhavina
  , ed. Grot, iii: 211–3.
  
• 58. ‘O nravstvennom sostoianii voisk Rossiiskoi imperii i v osobennosti Gvardeiskogo korpusa’, ed. N. A. Kargopolova,
  Reka vremen
  , 1 (1995), 40.
  
• 59. A. Viskovatov,
  Kratkaia istoriia Pervago Kadetskago Korpusa
  (SPb, 1832), 35, 38, 46–8.
  
• 60. Polevoi,
  Literaturnaia kritika
  , 168–9.
  
• 61. M. A. Gillel’son,
  P. A. Viazemskii: zhizn’ i tvorchestva
  (Leningrad, 1969), 225–8.
  
• 62. A.I. Kornilovich,
  Sochineniia i pis’ma
  (Moscow-Leningrad, 1957), 211.
  
• 63. Shishkov, ‘Dostopamiatnye skazaniia’, 20; M. Al’tshuller,
  Predtechi slavianofil’stva v russkoi literature: Obshchestvo ‘Beseda liubitelei russkogo slova’
  (Ann Arbor, MI, 1984), 36–7.
  
• 64. Sumarokov,
  Cherty Ekateriny Velikiia
  , xix, 46, 48–9.
  
• 65. Dolgorukov,
  Kapishche moego serdtsa
  , 235.
  
• 66. A. S. Pushkin,
  Polnoe sobranie sochinenii
  , 17 vols. (M, 1937–59), ix: 32, note.
  
• 67. I. I. Dmitriev,
  Vzgliad na moiu zhizn’
  (SPb, 1895), 161.
  
• 68.
  Ostaf’evskii arkhiv kniazei Viazemskikh, t. 2: Perepiska P.A. Viazemskago s A.I. Turgenvym 1820–1823
  (SPb, 1899), 45–6, 11 Aug. 1820.
  
• 69. A. G. Tartakovskii,
  Russkaia memuaristika XVIII-pervoi polovine XIX v.: Ot rukopisi k knige
  (M, 1991), 215, 218–9.
  
• 70. M. Mokrousova, ‘A. I. Turgenev–sobiratel’ istochnikov po istorii Rossii’,
  Sovetskie arkhivy
  , 1974: 4, 40–1.
  
• 71. See S. Dixon, ‘Pushkin and history’,
  The Cambridge Companion to Pushkin
  , ed. A. Kahn (Cambridge, 2006).
  
• 72. Khrapovitskii, 31, 13 Apr. 1787. See also A.A. Vasil’chikov,
  Semeistvo Razumovskikh
  , vol. V (SPb, 1894), 1–35; L. Maikov,
  Pushkin: Biograficheskie materialy i istoriko-literaturnye ocherki
  (SPb, 1899), 397–413.
  
• 73.
  Imperatorskoe russkoe istoricheskoe obshchestvo, 1866–1916
  (Petrograd, 1916), 4–5, 60.
  
• 74.
  SIRIO
  , xiii: i.
  
• 75. This section draws, in revised form, on sources first discussed in my ‘Catherine the Great and the Romanov Dynasty: The case of the Grand Duchess Mariia Pavlovna (1854–1920)’, in
  Russian Society and Culture and the Long Eighteenth Century
  , eds. Bartlett and Hughes (Münster, 2004), 195–208, where further references may be found.
  
• 76. S. S. Trubachev, ‘G.P. Danilevskii: biograficheskii ocherk’, in G.P. Danilevskii,
  Polnoe sobranie sochinenii
  , 8th edn., 24 vols. (SPb, 1901), i: 44, 46, 61, 79–88; ‘Vospominaniia E. N. Opochinina’, ed. E. V. Bronnikova,
  Vstrechi v proshlym
  , 7 (M, 1990), 65;
  M. M. Stasiulevich i ego sovremenniki v ikh perepiske
  , ed. M. K. Lemke, 5 vols. (SPb, 1911–13), v: 326–7.
  
• 77. A. Bogdanovich,
  Tri poslednikh samoderzhtsa
  (M, 1990 edn.), 133, 27 Jan. 1890.
  
• 78. C.A. Stoddard,
  Across Russia: From the Baltic to the Danube
  (London, 1892), 74, 40.
  
• 79. F.-X. Coquin, ‘Le monument de Catherine II à Saint-Pétersbourg’, in
  Catherine II et L’Europe
  , ed. Davidenkoff, 21–2.
  
• 80.
  SIRIO
  , xiii: xii-xiii.
  
• 81. V.O. Kliuchevsky,
  Sochineniia
  , 8 vols. (M, 1956–9), v: 309–11.
  
• 82. Bil’basov,
  passim
  ;
  Dnevnik gosudarstvennogo sekretaria A. A. Polovtsova
  , ed. P. A. Zaionchkovskii, 2 vols. (M, 1966), ii: 260, 15 Jan. 1890; 341, 8 Jan. 1891; P. A. Zaionchkovskii,
  Rossiiskoe samoderzhavie v kontse XIX stoletiia: Politicheskaia reaktsiia 80-kh–nachala 90-kh godov
  (M, 1970), 285–6.
  
• 83. See A. Pyman,
  The life of Aleksandr Blok: I, The distant thunder, 1880–1908
  (Oxford, 1978), 51.
  
• 84. For example, L. Zhdanov [L. G. Gel’man],
  V setiakh intriga: Dva potoka. Istoricheskii roman vremeni Ekateriny II
  (SPb, 1912); M. Evgeniia,
  Liubovniki Ekateriny
  (M, 1917).
  
• 85. Velikii kniaz’ Nikolai Mikhailovich,
  Russkie portrety XVIII i XIX stoletii
  , 5 vols. (SPb, 1905–9); J. E. Bowlt,
  The silver age: Russian art in the early twentieth century and the ‘World of Art’ group
  (Newtonville, MA, 1979), 166–7; R. Buckle,
  Diaghilev
  (London, 1979), 84–8.
  
• 86.
  Dnevnik V. N. Lamzdorfa (1886–1890)
  , ed. F. A. Rotshtein (Leningrad, 1926), 93–4, 15 Jan. 1888; 203, 24 Mar. 1889.
  
• 87.
  Dnevnik Polovtsova
  , ii: 203, 31 May 1889.
  
• 88. N. Notovich,
  L’Empereur Alexandre III et son entourage
  (Paris, 1893), 93.
  
• 89. R. Wortman, ‘The Russian empress as mother’, in
  The family in imperial Russia: New lines of historical research
  , ed. D. L. Ransel (Urbana, IL, 1978), 61.
  
• 90. Sir G. Buchanan,
  My mission to Russia and other diplomatic memories
  , 2 vols. (London, 1923), i: 175–6.
  
• 91. John Hanbury-Williams,
  The Emperor Nicholas II: As I knew him
  (London, 1922) 58, diary, 4 Oct. 1915.
  
• 92. Suvorov,
  Pis’ma
  , 204, to I. M. [José] Ribas.
  
• 93. The plant’s formal name was
  cardamine nivalis
  : see A. K. Sytin, ‘P. S. Pallas, P. I. Shangin i Ekaterina Velikaia’,
  Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki
  , 2 (1997), 124.
  
• 94. Shcherbatov, 235.
  
• 95. Diderot,
  Mémoires pour Catherine II
  , ed. P. Vernière (Paris, 1966), 197–8; D. Griffiths, ‘To live forever: Catherine II, Voltaire and the pursuit of immortality’, in
  Russia and the World of the Eighteenth Century
  , eds. Bartlett, Cross, Rasmussen, 446–68.
  
• 96. Grimm, 77, 2 Feb. 1778.
  
• 97. Shcherbatov, 255, 241–5, 251–3, (241). Compare Martha Wilmot’s reflections on a present given to Princess Dashkova: ‘It was the first present she ever receiv’d from Katherine the Second, & certainly serv’d to recall the most interesting period of a friendship which
  then
  existed assuredly, as Katherine was only a Grand Dutchess; but for which sentiment
  they say
  a Crown very very rarely leaves room & I doubt whether the Great Katherine form’d an exception to the general observation.’
  Russian Journals
  , 159, Martha’s Journal, 1 Dec. 1805 NS.