Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years (203 page)

Chur;
see also
Haas

Church; authority of;
defined
; equality in; nature of; visible and invisible;
see also
Catholicism; charismatic Christianity; discipline; ecclesiology;
ekklesia
; Fathers; General Councils; Kirk; non-Chalcedonian Churches; Orthodoxy; preaching; priesthood; Protestantism; Roman Catholicism; sacraments; tradition; Western Latin Church

church attendance

church buildings ; Anglican; Carolingian churches; circular churches; Cluniac; cruciform plans; Ethiopian; friars'; Latin American, Plate; Lutheran; Orthodox; Reformed Protestant; Renaissance; Roman Catholic; Russian;
see also
altars; basilican churches; Constantinople: Hagia Sophia; iconostasis; orientation; pulpits; screens; stained glass

church courts;
see also
inquisitions

church dedications

church disestablishment: in United States

Church of the East (Dyophysite), Chs.;; Catholicos; in China; and images; in India; in Japan; massacres of; monastic life; and Mongols; 'Nestorian stele'; 'Protestants of Asia';
see also
Assyrian Christians

Church of England; Church of Ireland; Church of Scotland:
see
England; Ireland; Scotland

church establishment:
see
Church and State

Church government:
see
bishops; discipline; episopacy; parishes; presbyterianism; Rome: Popes; superintendents

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints:
see
Mormons

Church Missionary Society

Church and State, Ch.; in Buganda; in Bulgaria; in Byzantium; in Germany; in Greece; Investiture Controversy; in Latin America; in Lutheranism; in modern Europe; in Muscovy and Russia; in North America/USA; in Reformation; in Reformed Protestantism; in Spain; in Tonga; in Western Church; and Wyclif;
see
Ambrose of Milan; Byzantine Empire; Christendom; commonwealth;
cuius regio eius religio
; Orthodoxy; papacy; Roman Empire; Russia; theocracy

Ccircumcision: female; male; Feast of

Cisneros, de:
see
Ximenes

Cistercian Order

Clapham Sect

Classical civilization and literature ;
defined

Clement of Alexandria (
c..
)

Clement of Rome:
see
Rome: Bishops

clergy:
see
ministry; pastoral care;
see also
celibacy; marriage

clerical education (seminaries, theological colleges): Anglican; Ethiopian; Greek Orthodox; Pentecostal; Roman Catholic; Russian Orthodox;
see also
universities

clericalism and clerical privilege ;
see also
lay government of Church

Clerks Regular:
see
Theatines

clothing;
see also
nudity

Cluny Abbey and Cluniac Order, Plates; and Crusades; and papacy

codex; Codex Sinaiticus; Codex Vaticanus;
see also
Bible

coins

Colenso, John William (1814-83)

Cologne, Plate

Colombia

colonization and colonialism; and Christianity; discussion of; Greek; in Ireland; in North America;
see also
Africa: decolonization; Asia: decolonization; British Empire; France; Spain; Portugal; United Provinces

Communism ;
see also
Marx

community of goods; in Acts; among Socinians;
see also
monasticism; radical Reformation

Compostela, Santiago de, Map (367); cathedral, Plate

conciliarism;
see also
Basel; Konstanz

Concordats

confession, sacramental ; confessional;
see also
penance

confessionalization
defined
;
see also
Augsburg Confession; Belgic Confession; French Confession; Heidelberg Confession

confraternities:
see
gilds

Congo/Kinshasa (Belgian Congo; Congo Free State);
see also
Kongo

Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith:
see
inquisitions: Roman

Congregationalism; in Africa; in England; in India; in New England; in Pacific; in United States;
see also
London Missionary Society

conspiracy theories;
see also
blood libel; Freemasons; Mary Magdalene; Templars

Constantine (827/8-69):
see
Cyril and Methodios

Constantinople (Byzantion; Istanbul), Chs.; Blue Mosque; Bosphorus; capture (1453);t Council of (381);h Council of (553); h Council of (680-81);h andh Councils of (869, 879); foundation; Great Palace; Hagia Eirene, Plate; Hagia Sophia , Plates; Hippodrome; Holy Redeemer in Chora, Plate; as Istanbul; 'New (or Second) Rome'; Nika Constantinople -
cont
. Riots (532); Patriarchal Academy; Phanar; and Rus'; Sack (1204); Senate; siege (678); Stoudite Monastery;; Twelve Apostles Church Oecumenical Patriarchs ; Acacius (reigned); Anthimus (Anthimos) (reigned); Cyril Lucaris (1572; 1612; 1620-23; 1633-4; 1634-5; 1637-8); Gennadios (Georgios) Scholarios (
c.
1400; 1454-64; d.
c.
1473); Gregory(1746; 1797-8; 1806-8; 1818-21); Ignatios(
c.
; reigned; ); Jeremiah (Jeremias) Tranos (
c.
1536; 1572-9, 1580-84, 1587-95); John Chrysostom (
c.
;); Joseph (1360; 1416-39); Macedonius (Makedonios; reigned;. after ); Methodios (reigned); Meletios Metaxakis (1871; 1921-3; 1935); Michael I Keroularios (
c.
1000; 1043-58); Nestorius (after;;. after ); Philotheos Kokkinos (
c.
1300; 1354-5, 1364-76; d. 1378); Photios('the Great';
.
; reigned;;.
.
); Sergios(reigned ); Theophylact (917; );
see also
Byzantine Empire

consumerism and leisure

contraception

convents:
see
nuns

conversion; of Augustine; of Constantine 5, ; forced conversion; to Hinduism; from Islam; to Islam; of Jews; mass conversion; of Paul of Tarsus; political; and Protestants; to Roman Catholicism; of Rus' (988); and slavery;
see also
mission

conversos
:
see
New Christians

Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473-1543) and Copernicanism

Coptic Church of Egypt , Plate; art; and Ethiopian Church; modern history; monasticism; Patriarch called Pope

Coptic language;
defined

coronations

Corpus Christi

Corpus Hermeticum
:
see
Hermes Trismegistus

Councils;
see also
Alexandria; Basel; Chalcedon; Constantinople; Ephesus; Florence; Frankfurt am Main; General Councils; Konstanz; Lateran; Lyons; Nicaea; Oecumenical Councils; Rome; Trent; Vatican; Vatican

Counter-Reformation:
see
Catholic Reformation

covenant; in Israel; in Reformed Protestant theology; in Western Latin theology;
see also
Ark of the Covenant; circumcision

creation; date of;
see also
evolution

creeds;
see also
Ariminum; Apostles' Creed;
filioque
clause; Nicene Creed

Cristeros

Cromwell, Oliver (1599-1658); and toleration

Cromwell, Thomas (
c.
)

Cross and crucifixes ; in early Church; in religious art; sign in blessing; True Cross;
see also
Jesus Christ: crucifixion and death (Passion); Rood and rood screens

Crowther, Samuel Ajayi (
c.
)

crucifixion:
see
Jesus Christ: crucifixion and death (Passion)

crusades ; and anti-Semitism; and Byzantine Empire; First Crusade (1095-9); Second Crusade (1147-9); Fourth Crusade (1201-4); Fifth Crusade (1217-21); Hungary (1514-15);
see also
Albigensians; military orders

crypto-Christianity: in China; in India; in Japan; in Ottoman Empire

cuius regio eius religio

Curia of Rome;
defined

Cynics;
see also
Diogenes of Sinope

Cyprian of Carthage (d.)

Cyprus

Cyril of Alexandria (
c.
)

Cyril (Constantine;/ ) and Methodios (815/20-85)

Cyrillic:
see
alphabet

Czech lands: Czechoslavakia; first Christianity in; language; Republic;
see also
Cyril and Methodius; Moravia; Slovakia

Damascene, John:
see
John of Damascus

Damascus; Ummayad Mosque

Daoism:
see
Taoism

Darby, John Nelson (1800-1882)

Darwin, Charles (1809-82)

deacons; female

death;
see also
afterlife; chantries; funerals; Heaven; Hell; Mass; Purgatory; soteriology; tombs

Decalogue:
see
Ten Commandments

deification:
see theosis

Deism

demiurge

democracy; in Africa; in Asia; in Greece; in modern Europe; in USA

Denis of Paris (d.
.
);
see also
Dionysius; St-Denis

Descartes, Rene (1596-1650) and Cartesianism

Desert Fathers;
see also
Egypt: monasticism

Deuteronomic code

Devil;
see also
Antichrist; Satan

Devotio Moderna

dhimmi
status;
see also
Pact of Umar

diaconate:
see
deacons

Diaspora (Dispersal), Jewish

Diatessaron
of Tatian

Didache

dietary laws:
see
food taboos

Dinocrates (d.
.
)

dioceses (sees) and diocesan administration

Diodore of Tarsus (d.
.
)

Diogenes of Sinope (
c..
BCE)

Dionysius the Areopagite ('Pseudo-Dionysius') ;
see also
Denis

Dionysius of Paris:
see
Denis of Paris

Dioscorus of Alexandria (d.)

disciples of Jesus (apostles);
see also
James the Greater; John the Evangelist; Peter; Philip; Thomas; Twelve

discipline;
see also
church courts; consistories; penance; sex

Dispensationalism

Dispersal:
see
Diaspora

Dissent, English Protestant ;
see also
Baptists; Congregationalism; Free Churches; Independency; Presbyterianism

Dissimilarians (Anomoeans)

Divine Right:
see jure divino
episcopacy; monarchy

divorce; and Jesus Christ

docetism;
defined

doctors (ecclesiastical);
see also
medicine

Dominican Order (Blackfriars) ; and America; in China; and inquisitions; and Jesuits; and missions overseas; and theology; and universities

Donation of Constantine, Plate

Donatus of Casae Nigra (d.
.
) and Donatist schism

doubt;
see also
faith

drama

Dreyfus, Alfred (1859-1935)

Dual Monarchy:
see
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy

dualism;
see also
Bogomils, Cathars; Descartes; gnosticism; Manichaeism; Zoroastrianism

Dutch Reformed Church; in North America; in South Africa; in Sri Lanka;
see also
Afrikaners; United Provinces of the Netherlands

Dyophysite ('Nestorian') Christianity, Chs.; Chalcedonians labelled Dyophysite; in China; and images; in India; in Japan; in modern Middle East; and Mongols; 'Nestorian stele'; and Roman Catholics;
see also
Assyrian Christians; Church of the East; Mar Thoma Church

'early modern Catholicism':
see
Catholic Reformation

Easter; date of;
see also
Jesus: Resurrection

Eastern Churches; and images; and millenarianism; and mysticism; and predestination; reject purgatory;
see also
Non-Chalcedonians; Orthodox

Ebionites:
see
Jewish Christians

ecclesiology;
defined
;
see also
episcopacy; Church; consistories; discipline; presbyterianism

Ecumenical movement and ecumenism ;
see also
reunion

Eden;
see also
Adam; Eve; Fall

Edessa (Britium; Sanliurfa; Urfa); School of the Persians

Kings: Abgar(
c.
BCE; ); Abgar ('the Great';)

Edinburgh; Missionary Conference (1910)

education; Protestant; Roman Catholic;
see also
clerical education; schools; Society of Jesus; universities

Edwards, Jonathan (1703-58)

Egypt; ancient ; astronomy in; early monasticism in; and Jews; medieval; modern history; Muslim conquest; Ottoman conquest; pre-Christian religion

Pharaohs: Cleopatra Philopater (69; BCE); Merneptah (1213-03 BCE); Ptolemy Soter (
c.
; /4-
c.
BCE)
see also
Coptic Church

1848 Revolutions

ekklesia
;
see also
Church; Greece, democracy in

El Salvador

elders

Electors, Imperial:
see
Bohemia, Brandenburg, Cologne, Hanover; Mainz, Saxony

elements of Eucharist (bread and wine):
see
Eucharist

elevation of the Host:
see
Mass

Empiricus, Sextus (
fl..
) and empiricism

end of the world:
see
Apocalypse, Last Days

England; Act of Union (1707); Angevin dynasty; calendar; cathedrals; wars (17th century); Commonwealth (Republic or Interregnum); Hundred Years War; and Ireland; and Jews; monasticism in; Norman Conquest; origins; overseas empire:
see
North America; Parliaments; Privy Council; Reformation; Roman Catholicism in; and slavery; tolerance in; Tudor dynasty Church of ; in America (
see also
United States of America: Episcopal Church); Convocations; Elizabethan Settlement; modern culture wars; and Orthodoxy; Restoration (1660-62)