Double Victory (33 page)

“‘Most Dangerous Negro in America' to Blast Charges by Rep. Mitchell.”
Chicago Defender,
June 28, 1941.

“MOWM Asks Roosevelt to Appoint Race Commission.”
Pittsburgh Courier,
July 10, 1943.

“Nazi Prisoners Gloat as U.S. Nurses ‘Get the Works.'”
Chicago Defender,
January 20, 1945.

“N.J. Law Bars Jim Crow in Raid Shelters.”
Chicago Defender
, October 10, 1942.

“Not a Toot from WAC Band Since Reorganization.”
Iowa Bystander
, November 16, 1944.

“Nurses' Aide Applicant Turned Down Flatly by Red Cross.”
Pittsburgh Courier,
February 28, 1942.

“Nurses' Aides Play Vital Role in Our Country's War Effort.”
Pittsburgh Courier,
December 19, 1942.

“Only Two Per Cent of N.Y. War Workers Colored.”
Afro American,
December 22, 1942.

Ottley, Roi. “Dixie Invades Britain.”
Negro Digest
3, September 1944.

“Outlook for ‘Americans' Meet Bright.”
Chicago Defender,
June 19, 1943.

Pearson, Drew. “The Washington Merry-Go-Round.”
Free Lance-Star,
October 5, 1944.

Phillips, B. M. “What They Said and Did at March-on-Washington Confab.”
Afro American,
July 10, 1943.

“Plan Big, ‘Americans Too,' Chicago Conclave.”
Chicago Defender,
June 5, 1943.

Porter, Amy. “Servant Problem of Yesterday Now Domestic Crisis.”
St. Petersburg Times,
December 21, 1941.

“Princess Makes a Paris Comeback.”
Chicago Defender,
September 1, 1945.

Rea, E. B. “Alberta Hunter, Enchantress Who Set Two Continents Afire, to Settle Down.”
Afro American,
May 2, 1942.

Rea, E. B. “Encores and Echoes.”
Afro American,
November 18, 1944.

“Refuse to Give Blood After Red Cross Jim Crow.”
Chicago Defender
, September 30, 1944.

“Refuse to Give War Bond Pledge to Negro Woman.”
Chicago Defender,
July 11, 1942.

“Refused Service in Senate Café, Women Protest.”
Chicago Defender,
September 16, 1944.

Reid, James M. “Maryland Citizens Stage March on Capital; Protest Killings.”
Pittsburgh Courier,
May 2, 1942.

“Residents of Capital Told ‘Be Prepared.'”
Chicago Defender
, December 6, 1941.

Rivera, A. M., Jr. “‘Sweethearts' Defy Threats; Play Festival.”
Pittsburgh Courier,
June 29, 1946.

“Roosevelt Seizes War Plan in Jim Crow Dispute.”
Chicago Defender,
December 25, 1943.

“Salt Lake City Whites Object to Negro USO.”
Chicago Defender
, June 26, 1943.

Sanders, James A. “Doc Wheeler's USO Unit Hit on European Fronts.”
Chicago Defender,
October 28, 1944.

“St. Louis Set for City-wide Protest Meet.”
Chicago Defender,
August 15, 1942.

“Secretary Claims Wrong Impression Has Been Created.”
Pittsburgh Courier,
March 7, 1942.

Shephard, Joseph. “Bring on D.C. Heat Wave.”
Afro American,
August 21, 1943.

Smith, Alfred E. “Lena Horne Quits USO Tour in Row over Army Jim Crow.”
Chicago Defender,
January 6, 1945.

“‘Southern Songbird' Does Grand Job for Red Cross.”
Pittsburgh Courier,
May 20, 1944.

Spraggs, Venice. “‘Lady Lobbyist' Blazes Path in Nation's Capital.”
Chicago Defender,
June 16, 1945.

Spraggs, Venice Tipton. “President Truman Raps DAR Ban on Hazel Scott.”
Chicago Defender,
October 20, 1945.

Spraggs, Venice Tipton. “Women in the National Picture.”
Chicago Defender,
January 29, 1944.

Stiles Taylor, Rebecca. “Activities of Women's National Organizations.”
Chicago Defender,
November 14, 1942.

“Sweaty Hands Prevent Hiring of Negro Girls.”
Chicago Defender,
November 6, 1943.

“‘Sweethearts' Get Groovy in Paris.”
Chicago Defender,
August 25, 1945.

“3 Sisters Now in WAAC; 5 Cousins in Army.”
Pittsburgh Courier
, June 12, 1943.

Tubbs, Vincent. “Nurses Overseas Anxious to Get to Hospital Posts.”
Afro American
, April 11, 1944.

“‘Unholy 3' Fight WACs in ‘Black Ghetto' Plot.”
Chicago Defender,
July 7, 1945.

“Urge WAAC to Steer Clear of Jim Crow.”
Chicago Defender,
June 20, 1942.

“USO Troupe Thrills Doughboys in Persia.”
Pittsburgh Courier,
January 13, 1945.

“WAACS Make First Public Bow in Style at Fort Des Moines, Iowa.”
Chicago Defender,
August 15, 1942.

“WAC Disbanded at Ft. Des Moines.”
Iowa Bystander,
July 24, 1944.

Ward, Henrine. “Local Girl in Britain Tells of First Lady's Welcome.”
Chicago Defender,
December 19, 1942.

Waters, Enoch P. “Red Cross Girl Has Fill of ‘Night Life.'”
Chicago Defender,
October 21, 1944.

Waters, Enoch P. “Two Lynched Boys Were Ace Scrap Iron Collectors in Mississippi Town.”
Chicago Defender,
March 6, 1943.

“Western Electric Strike Asks Jim-Crow Toilets.”
Chicago Defender
, October 16, 1943.

Wheatley, Tom. “DeVerne Calloway Dead at 76.”
St. Louis Post-Dispatch,
January 25, 1993.

Wilhelm, John. “A Chicagoan Wins Air Unit for Her Race.”
Chicago Daily Tribune,
October 11, 1942.

“Woman, 64, Supervises 80 Truck Farm Workers.”
Chicago Defender,
March 18, 1944.

“Women Barred from Defense Project Jobs.”
Chicago Defender,
November 23, 1940.

“Women Protest USES Job Bias in Cincinnati.”
Chicago Defender,
December 11 1943.

Wong, Willie Lee. “Nazis Gone, Germans Rave over Sweethearts of Rhythm Band.”
Chicago Defender,
September 8, 1945.

Woods, Howard B. “Hazel Scott Jim Crowed Again; St. Louis Café Bars Pianist.”
Chicago Defender,
October 27, 1945.

Woods, Howard B. “Negro Women in St. Louis Plant After FEP Probe.”
Chicago Defender,
March 10, 1945.

“Youth Leader Jailed, Beaten by Ala. Cops as Jim Crow Sign Moved.”
California Eagle,
December 18, 1942.

Zack, Eugene C. “DAR Blames U.S. Laws for Hazel Scott Ban.”
Chicago Defender,
December 22, 1945.

Video

Army Pictorial Service, Signal Corps, “The Stilwell Road.”
www.youtube.com/watch?v=6aQdcAd-ERA
.

Websites

Documenting the American South: Oral Histories of the American South. Oral history interview with Pauli Murray, February 13, 1976. Interview G-0044. Southern Oral History Program Collection.
http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/G-0044/menu.html
.

Flagstaff Oral History Project. Oral history interview with Grady and Hazel Neal, January 16, 1976.
http://archive.library.nau.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/cpa&CISOPTR=64416&CISOBOX=1&REC=12
.

Goldthwaite, Carmen. “Bonham Musicians Back Future Opera Star.”
www.carmengoldthwaite.com/images/003sample%20robertadodd.doc
.

Interview with DeVerne Calloway. Western Historical Manuscript Collection. University of Missouri-St. Louis.
http://www.umsl.edu/~whmc/guides/t016.htm
.

Library of Congress. Hope for America.
http://myloc.gov/Exhibitions/hopeforamerica/causesandcontroversies/entertainingthetroops/ExhibitObjects/BolsteringMorale.aspx
.

The Missouri Women's Council Presents “Outstanding Women of Missouri” Travelling History Exhibit.
http://www.womenscouncil.org/cd_web/Calloway.html
.

Riverwalk Jazz. “International Sweethearts of Rhythm: America's #1 All-Girl Band.” JazzNotes, March 10, 2011.
www.riverwalkjazz.org/jazznotes/intl_sweethearts
.

“Roberta Dodd Crawford.” Texas State Historical Association.
http://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fcr69
.

Veterans' History Project of the Library of Congress. Interview Transcript: Prudence Burns Burrell.
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/vhp/story/loc.natlib.afc2001001.04747/transcript?ID=sr0001
.

Veterans' History Project of the Library of Congress. Interview Transcript: Essie Dell O'Bryant Woods.
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/vhp-stories/loc.natlib.afc2001001.04741/transcript?ID=sr0001
.

Willie Mae Cotright, Mary Newson, Aller Hunter interviews. Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, UC Berkeley Library.
http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/ROHO/projects/rosie
.

“Women andJazz: International Sweethearts of Rhythm.” National Museum of American History. Live Webcast from Carmichael Auditorium, March 30, 2011.
http://americanhistory.si.edu/webcast/jam2011_women.html
.

“Women in Journalism Oral History Project.” Washington Press Club Foundation.
http://beta.wpcf.org/oralhistory/payn3.html
.

Page numbers in
italics
indicate photographs.

acting roles,
199–200
,
201

“Activities of Women's National Organizations” (Taylor),
34

Adams, Charity,
91
,
109–10
,
111

Adams, Osceola Macarthy,
161

Adelmond, Charlotte,
147

African Campaign Ribbons,
123–24

Afro American
(newspaper),
15
,
24
,
32
,
206
,
209
,
210

AFRS (Armed Forces Radio Service),
215

AFT (American Federation of Teachers),
45
,
238

Aikens, Mattie L.,
122

air raid drills,
149–51

Albin, Thelma,
113

Alcan Highway,
181
,
182

Alexander, Frances,
105
,
108

Alexander, Hattie,
22
,
23

Alfred, Coretta,
222–25

Alpha Kappa Alpha (AKA),
72

Amalgamated Clothing Workers Union,
24

American Association of Nurses (ANA),
74

American Federation of Teachers (AFT),
45
,
238

“American Women for Defense” (Welcker-Jordan),
157–58

American Women's Volunteer Service (AWVS),
156–62

ammunition workers,
15–16

Amos, Helen,
105

Anderson, Birdie Beal,
60–61

Anderson, Laura,
184
,
185

Anderson, Marian,
3
,
231–32

Anderson, Mildred,
35

Annapolis, Maryland,
65–67

Argonaut
(train),
160

Arle-Titz, Coretti,
223

Armed Forces Radio Service (AFRS),
215

Armstrong, Henry “Hurricane Hank,”
159

Army Air Corps,
44

Army Nurse Corps,
73–74
,
77
.
See also
nurses

army posts,
26–27

Army Service Forces (ASF) Band,
227
–29

Ashmore, Mayvee,
107

Askins, Violet,
105

Askins, Ward,
91

Atlanta University School of Social Work,
147

Attucks, Crispus,
165

Austin, Elsie,
170

Austria,
211

aviation industry,
10
,
27–31

Baham, Rita,
59

Bailey, M. Virginia,
189

Baker, Josephine “Jo,”
219–22
,
220
,
234

Baldwin, Beulah,
125

Baltimore, Maryland,
146

Banks, Henrine Ward,
190–91

Barger, Sylvia,
59

Barnes, Margaret,
106

Barrow, Wilhelmina,
188

Barttow, Robert,
189

Bass, Charlotta,
33

Bates, Alva,
147

Bearden, Bessye,
52

Beauticians Volunteer Corps,
148

Bell, Ethel,
7

Bell, Roberta,
23

Bennett, Blanche,
147

Bethune, Mary McLeod,
52
,
69–72
,
71
,
88
,
91
,
95–96
,
162–63

Bethune-Cookman College,
70

Big Bertha bus,
213

Birch, La Verne,
186