Empires of the Word: A Language History of the World (125 page)

Indo-European languages
23
n
, 41, 42-43, 183, 195-196, 214, 289, 292, 301, 554-555

Indo-Greeks 192, 257-258

Indo-Iranian languages
176

Indo-Portuguese Creole
390

Indonesia, 147
n
, 161, 191, 380, 400, 403, 506
n
, 532

Indradevi, Cambodian queen 206

Insubrians 285-286, 288

Interpreters 3, 75, 82, 131, 192, 335, 341-343, 344, 355, 357, 363, 365, 388, 440, 497

Interracial families 308, 313, 343-344, 376, 414

see also Mestizo

Introductiones Latinae
(Nebrija) 345

Investment
see
Trade

Inyotef, pharaoh 127

Ionic dialect of Greek
236, 237
n
, 242
n

Ionians 236, 237
n

Ipuwer, Admonitions of
163-164

Irakli, Georgian king of Kartalina-Kakhetia 434

Iran 21, 38, 43, 47-48, 86, 96, 257

and
Arabic
98, 101

see also
Parthia,
Persian

Iranian languages
109, 186, 219, 246, 258

Iraq 35, 55

Ireland 290-291, 518

emigration to America 491

and the Normans 464

Norse language
447
n

plague 313

Statute of Kilkenny 464

Irenaeus (Saint), Christian apologist 299

Irish (Gaelic)
274, 276, 300, 464-465, 469, 517

Isis 255

Islam 22, 49, 94, 96

Arabic script 97
n

auxiliary languages 106

banned by Spain 333

spread of 10, 95, 98-99, 101, 108, 110-111, 134, 158, 159, 164, 209, 213, 216, 307
n
, 377, 537

Isidorus of Charax, Greek travel writer 258

Italian
331, 528-529, 531

Italic languages
273, 291
n

Italy 240-242

and
French
410

and
Latin
12, 293-294, 535

population 153, 153
n

Romance languages
320

see also
Oscan

Ivan III, Tsar 426-427

Ivan IV (’the Terrible’), Tsar 426-427, 431, 440

Ixtilxóchitl, Fernando de Alva, Nahuatl historian, 344

Jainism 189-190

Jamestown 477
n
, 479

Japan

Buddhism 178

and China 147-148, 162

colonial wars 450-453

demographics 530

and Dutch trade 398

Kōminka 449-455

and Korea 450-452

Pacific empire 451

population 153
n

Portuguese trading posts 387

and Russia 433, 452

Japanese
46
n
, 138, 528

kana
syllabary 116, 156, 210-211

kanbun
tradition 476
n

spread 450, 453-455

Sino-Japanese
162-163

Jaqaru
357

Jaqi
357

jargons 10

Jataka
tales 201, 208

Java 147, 149, 201, 203, 204
n
, 205-206, 213, 389, 398-399, 402, 564
n
30

Javanese
208, 498, 514, 528, 532

Jefferson, Thomas, US President 488

Jérez, Rodrigo de, Spanish interpreter 335

Jerome
(also
Hieronymus) (Saint), Bible translator 294

Jerusalem 79-80, 129, 248

Jesus of Nazareth, Jewish prophet 86-87

Jevons, Stanley 511

Jews
see
Hebrew

Jiménez de Quesada, Gonzalo, Spanish conquistador 363

Jingpo
134

John of Ephesus, Byzantine historian, 262

John of Salisbury, English monk 408

Johore 148

Jolliet, Louis, French explorer 412

Jones, Sir William, English scholar 185, 224

Josephus, Jewish historian 71

Josiah, king of Judah 129

Ju Ying, Chinese envoy 147

Judaea 248

Judah 78-79, 81, 83, 129

Judaism 21, 70, 159, 306
n
, 537

Judas Maccabaeus, Jewish revolutionary 248

Judith, Jewish heroine 69-70

Jürchen 120, 142, 143, 144, 153

Justinian, Byzantine emperor 132
n
, 233, 257, 260

Juvenal, Roman satirist 280, 302

Kabard-Balkar
423
n

Kafirs 262

Kalhu
also
Nimrud 66

Kālidāsa, Sanskrit poet 559

Kalinga 197-198, 199

Kalmyk
423
n

Kalyana 88

Kāma Sūtra
(Vatsyāyana) 176

Kandahar 85, 246

Kang Tai, Chinese envoy 147

Kanishka, king of Kushana 219

Kannada
177, 187-188, 198

Kaoru, Inoue, Japanese foreign minister 450

Karakorum 90

Karen
134

Karkemish 39, 41

Karlgren, Bernhard, Swedish linguist 163

Kartalina-Kakhetia 434

Kashmir 97
n
, 178

Kassites 40, 41, 43, 55, 60, 63

Kathāsaritsāgaram
(Somadeva) 201

Kaunndinya, Indian explorer 4

Kavafis, Constantine, Greek poet 228

Kavirāja, Sanskrit poet 184

Kawki
357

Kazakhstan 423
n
, 435, 443, 445, 547

Kazan 106, 427, 440

Kenya 105, 508, 532, 544

Kerala 88

Keys, David, British historian 313

Kharoshthi script 85
n
, 246

Khazars 106, 306, 425, 555

Khitan 120, 142, 153

Khiva 437

Khmer 202-203, 208

Khoi
22

Khrushchev, Nikita, Soviet leader 437

Khurasan 98

Khuzistan 57

Khwarezmian
48

Kiev 106, 426, 431

Kipchak-Polovtsians 425

Kirkuk 41

Kirkwood, Montague British diplomat 453
n

Kish 27, 37

Kling, India as known by South-East Asians 199

Kogi 363

Kokand 437

Kōminka (imperialization) 449-455

Konkani
390
n

Koran
see
Qur’an

Korea 162, 423
n
, 450-453

Buddhism 178

and Japan 380

Korean
46
n
, 138, 156, 528-529, 576
n
12

alphabet 156

Sino-Korean
162-163

Krio Creole of English
508

Kristang dialect of Portuguese
390

Kublai (Khubilai) Khan, emperor of China 143, 156, 179, 212
n

Kumārajīva, Indian Buddhist translator 119

Kushana empire 48
n
, 108, 219, 246, 257-8, 269

Kushite
126-129, 131
n

Kushite dynasty 120, 127, 158, 164

Kutadgū Bilig
, Turkic didactic poem 106

Kyrgyzstan 437, 547

Laghman 85

Lampridius, Aelius, Roman historian 299

Landa, Diego de, Spanish cleric 348
n

Language charisma 21-22, 86-93, 179

Language communities 7-10, 525, 557

Language diversity 471, 557-559

Language dynamics 529-533, 558

Language growth

organic 19, 527-528, 530-1

’merger and acquisition’ (M&A) 19, 24, 527

Top Twenty 19
n
, 525-533

vaster than empires 556-559

Language history 5, 7-25, 51