Empires of the Word: A Language History of the World (130 page)

Seville 99

Shabaka Stone (bearing
Memphite theology)
113-114

Shakespeare, William, English dramatist 22, 334, 473-474
n
, 477

Shāng dynasty 118, 136

Shanghai 149

Shem 35
n

Shi Huang Di, Chinese emperor 137-138, 151, 156

Shia/Shiite tradition 98

Shoshenq dynasty 127, 129

Showen Jiezi of Xu Shen 138

Shusim 56
see also
Susa

Siam 207

Siberia 80, 101, 380, 423, 428, 432, 436, 444-445

Sicily 45, 71, 239-241

Siddha script 156

Sidetic
84

Sidon/Sidonians 35
n
, 44, 71

Sierra Leone 508

Sihanouk, Norodom, Cambodian prince 420

Sikhism 216

Silenos and Sosylos, Greek annalists with Hannibal 77

Simhala people 176
see also
Sinhala

Simonsz, Cornelius Jan, Dutch governor of Ceylon 389

Sind 93

Singapore 149, 505, 507, 532, 548

Sinhala
198, 544

Sino-Russian border 427

Sino-Tibetan languages
134, 138, 141

Sinoxenic dialects
162

Slave trade 105, 344, 365, 391, 415, 416
n
, 418, 480, 508, 539
n

Slavs 274, 280-281, 304-309, 310, 423

incursions into Greece 261-262, 264, 309, 314

Slavic/Slavonic languages
262, 273, 275, 277, 309-310, 422, 425, 429, 447

Slovaks 430
n

Slovenians 430
n

Slovo o Polku Igoreve
, Russian heroic lay 426

Smith, Captain John, English colonist 481
n

Socrates, Greek philosopher 183

Sogdian
21, 48, 98-99, 106, 108, 546

Soma,
also
Liuye, legendary queen of Funan 4

Somalia 97
n
, 104

Song dynasty 142-143, 147

Song-Yun, Chinese pilgrim 193

Son’s Books
145

Soto, Hernando de, Spanish conquistador 337, 339, 344

South Africa

and
Dutch
399, 411

and English 19, 507

South America 12, 333, 362, 419, 444

South Pacific 508

South-East Asia 101, 159, 160, 178

and
English
506-507

and
Sanskrit
199-213, 536

scripts 202-203

Spain 14, 14-16, 332-346, 347-350, 478, 482, 486, 494-495, 509, 519

Arabic script 97
n

and China 148

and Christianity 332

empire and language 373-377

and
French
410

Islam banned 333

Jews expelled 333

and
Latin
12

Muslim presence 99-100, 554

Phoenician settlements 46
n
, 71

Roman control 301

see also
Americas, Caribbean, Philippines

Spanish
7, 179, 300, 307, 331, 340, 373-377, 472

Castilian
332-333

colonizing language 325
n
, 380, 400, 446, 495, 527-528

Romance
320
n
, 332

style contrasted with
Nahuatl
14-15

world language 525-533

Spanish-American War 340, 377

Sparta 82, 236, 240

Spaulding, Augustine, British merchant 323

Śri Lanka 160, 176, 178, 199, 201, 389-391, 399, 401, 544

Śri Vijaya 147, 203

Stalin, Josef, Soviet leader 423
n
, 432, 433
n

Stanley, Sir Henry, British explorer 418

Statute of Kilkenny 143
n
, 464-465

Strabo, Greek geographer 191, 232, 241, 252, 277, 279, 282, 335

Strasburg Oaths 308
n
, 317

Stuyvesant, Pieter, last governor of Nieuw Nederland 493
n

Sudan 98

Suebi 305, 307

Súi dynasty 119, 141

Sullivan, John L., US journalist 486

Sumatra 147, 204-205, 213

Sumer 31, 37, 39, 41-44, 51, 53, 57

Sumerian
11
n
, 32, 33, 37, 38, 41, 46, 49-56, 52, 55, 60-62, 68, 163, 536

bilingualism with
Akkadian
51, 53-57, 111, 163

cuneiform 11
n
, 32, 37, 39-40, 40, 42, 46, 50, 51, 54-55, 57, 61-63, 72
n

edubba
system 62-63

school texts 37

Susa 56-57, 61, 258

šušan
see
Susa

Swahili
97
n
, 103-105, 419
n
, 532

Sweden 410, 433, 486, 492

Switzerland 407, 410

Syriac
87-88, 90, 131, 250, 255,
see also
Aramaic

Syria 20-21, 37, 38, 44, 48, 79, 86, 128-129

Greek overlordship 245, 247, 259

Syrian Jacobite Church 90

Tabgach 106, 119, 140, 144, 151, 153, 306
n

Tacitus 273, 277, 280, 288, 302, 309, 311
n

Tagalog
377-379, 544

Tai languages
141

Tai Zong, Chinese emperor 159

Taiwan 451-453

Tajikistan, 47, 99, 108, 437

Tale of Sinuhe
, Egyptian romance 129
n

Talmud
87, 90
n
, 217

Talon, Jean, intendant of Nouvelle-France 414

Tamazight
127
see also
Berber

Tamil
160, 177, 198, 201, 507, 530, 544

TaNaK
, Hebrew Scripture 70
n
, 96

Tang dynasty 119, 120, 141, 146, 151, 158, 169, 178, 209

Tangier 93

Tangut 142

Tanis 151

Tanzania 104-105, 508, 532, 544

Taoism 172

Tarascan
352, 355, 372

Tāriq bin Ziyād, Moorish conqueror 95, 99

Tartessians 290

Tatars 106, 306
n
, 422, 423
n
, 433, 434, 435, 440

Taxila 85, 181, 258

TeleGeography 544
n

Telugu
177, 187, 198, 530

Tempest, The
(Shakespeare) 334

Tepoztlán 368

Teutonic knights 447

Tezozómoc, Fernando Alvarado, Nahuatl chronicler 353-354

Thai 134, 141, 208; script 202

Thailand 147
n
, 148, 161, 205, 208, 528

The 1001 Nights
98, 103

Thebes 127, 129, 151

Themistocles, Greek general 5, 555

Thirty-Six Strategems
171

Thoby, Henry, British Indian civil servant 503
n

Thracians 282, 290

Thucydides 233

Tibet 80, 141, 178-179, 203, 221

Tibetan
21, 134, 209

script 156, 211-212, 564-565

Tibeto-Burman languages
177

Tiglath Pileser I, king of Assyria 43, 423
n

Tiglath Pileser III, king of Assyria 65

Tigre
36, 92

Tigrinya
36, 92

Tigris 39, 40
n

Timur-i-leng (Tamerlane, Tamburlaine), Turkic conqueror 90

Tocharians
see
Kushāna

Togan Timur, Chinese emperor 143

Tok Pisin
508

Tokugawa Ieyasu, Japanese shōgun 388, 450

Toledo 93, 99

Tolstoy, Count Leo, Russian writer 410, 439

Tongking 146

Top Twenty Languages 19
n
, 525-533

Torah
, 70
n
, 111, 217

Toribio de Benavente, Fray
see
Motolinía

Tordesillas line 336-337, 385

Torres, Luis de, Spanish interpreter 335

Totonac
348, 352, 355

Trade 10, 21, 56, 61-62, 74, 75, 128, 130, 146-149, 154, 213, 229, 242, 313, 326, 334, 357, 363, 385-387, 391, 397, 402, 412, 416, 441, 444, 450, 511, 547

’Rich trades’ 397