Laughter in Ancient Rome (83 page)

literature, classical: survival of,
187

literature, Greek: images of laughter in,
227n41
; monkeys in,
161
,
261n23
; of Roman empire,
85–95
,
243n70
; Roman laughter in,
85–95
; Roman readers of,
87

literature, Roman: gelastic culture of,
89
; in Latin,
16–17
,
70–73
,
75
,
140
,
223n51
; laughter in,
70–73
,
140
; moralizing,
163
; scripted laughter in,
8–17
,
223n51
;
scurrae
in,
153–54
; smiling in,
75
; truth and falsehood in,
126
; women’s laughter in,
157
.
See also
comedy, Roman

Livius Andronicus, jokes of,
13
,
91

Livy: on dramatic festivals,
238n64
; on Fescennine verses,
68
; words for smiles,
74

Long, J.,
259n3

Lowe, N.,
229n57

Lucian,
86
,
227n44
; Life of Demonax,
202
,
274n68
; monkeys in,
164

Lucian (author of
Lucius,
or
The Ass
),
178–79
,
180
,
181
; identity of,
266n102

Lucilius, on Crassus the agelast,
176

Lucius of Patrai,
Metamorphoses,
179
,
266n104

Lucretius, on laughter,
159

Machon,
Chreiai,
274n74

Macrobius,
Saturnalia,
x
,
64
; Augustus’s jokes in,
105
,
130–31
,
133
,
156
,
202
; Cicero’s jokes in,
103
,
104
,
202
,
212
,
246n14
; elitism of,
236n51
; on Fescennine verses,
238n67
; joking in,
77–78
,
89
; Julia in,
156
,
202
; mime in,
78–79
,
168
; on pantomime,
170
; smiles in,
73–74
,
75
,
239n16
; sources of,
240n33
; Vatinius in,
122

Magna Mater: cult of,
221n28
; Megalesia festival of,
9
; temple of,
8

Maltby, Robert,
203
,
257n82

Marshall, C. W.,
233n17

Martial: on Abdera,
191
; on Capitolinus the jester,
143
; laughter in,
259n7
; use of
adridere,
72
,
238n5

Marzolph, U.,
275n1

masks,
221n25

masks, comic,
32
,
227n38
; laughing,
57
; in mime,
168
; monkey heads,
162
; in Plautus,
263n53

Mason, H. J.,
266n104

master-slave relations, laughter in,
137–40

Maximus (prefect of Egypt), trial of,
241n46

May, Régine,
179

McDermott, W. C.,
162
,
261n35

Mediterranean, ancient: cultural change across,
87

Megalesia festival, theater during,
9

meidiaō
(smile),
73
,
74
; Virgil’s interpretation of,
88

Melissus,
Ineptiae,
202
,
274n71

Memmius, Crassus’s joke on,
123
,
125
,
248n51

memory, role in laughter,
15

Menander:
The Eunuch,
90
; Roman adaptations of,
86
,
90–91
;
The Toady,
90–91
,
243n74

Mercury, laughter of,
136

Messius Cicirrus (clown),
68

middle class, and culture of laughter,
60
,
66

Milanezi, S.,
275n86

Milo, Titus Annius: Cicero’s defense of,
99–100
,
126–27
,
245n2

mime,
78–79
,
167–71
; as antitype of
cavillatio,
249n56
; bawdiness of,
78
,
169
,
241n36
; changing character of,
169
; Cicero on,
168
; Dionysos in,
263n61
; economy of laughter in,
172
; imitative nature of,
170
; influence in
Philogelos,
271n42
; influence on authors,
262n48
; laughter at,
160
,
169–71
; modern literature on,
262n49
; and pantomime,
168
,
241n38
,
262n50
; in Petronius,
172
; plots of,
168–69
; relationship with audience,
172
; scholarship on,
167
; sources for,
168
; survival of,
169
; unmasked tradition in,
168
,
263n53

mime actors: comparison to orators,
119
,
120
,
167
,
170
; at funerals,
146
; jokes of,
103
; laughter of,
171
; masks of,
168
; women,
159
,
167–68
,
171
,
264n66