Laughter in Ancient Rome (80 page)

joke writers, professional,
205

Jones, Christopher,
75

Joubert, Laurence,
229n64

Joyce, James: representation of laughter,
36
,
228n50

Julia (daughter of Augustus): exile of,
156
,
259n3
; jokes of,
78
,
156
,
259n3
; jokes on,
133

Juvenal, puns in,
258n88

Kant, Immanuel: on incongruity,
38

Kassel, Rudolf,
204

Kaster, Robert,
73–74
; on smiling,
239n16

katagelaō
(to laugh at),
150

Kerman, J. B.,
273n54

Khlebnikov, Velimir,
x

kichlizein
(to giggle),
3
,
259n5
; erotics of,
219n8
.
See also
giggling

Kidd, S.,
222n34

Kindt, Julia,
175
,
265n87

King, A.,
261n32

Kirichenko, Alexander,
183
,
264n64
,
267n124
; on
actor et auctor,
268n129

kissing, ancient,
75
,
240n23

kouroi,
archaic smiles of,
57

Kristeva, Julia: on laughter of babies,
85
,
242n62

Kroll, W. M.,
249n65

Krostenko, B. A.,
115
,
247n29
; on typology of wit,
250n67

Kurke, Leslie,
138
,
254nn31
,
34

Kyme, jokes about,
191–92
,
199
,
201
,
271n31

Laberius:
Anna Peranna,
169
,
263n57
; Cicero’s joke at,
246n14
; mimes of,
168

La Bua, G.,
267n127

Laes, C.,
256n63

Latin language: Roman laughter in,
70–73
; smiles in,
73–76

the laughable,
5
; Aristotle on,
32
; categories of,
109–10
,
112
; cultural determinants of,
59
; fault in,
32–33
; Greek books on,
110
; lost treatises on,
226n32
; in
On the Orator,
109–10
; versus the ridiculous,
220n14
; in Roman culture,
103
; sources of,
117

laughers: Commodus’s execution of,
132
; consequences of jokes for,
107
; versus laughed at,
181
,
184
,
268n130
; sense of inferiority,
41
; sincerity of,
151

laughter: anti-totalitarian,
5
,
30
,
220n17
; Aristotle on,
32–34
,
40
,
220n9
,
227n40
; of babies,
25
,
35
,
36
,
83
,
84
,
85
; bestial,
158
,
159
,
160
; biblical,
238n68
; biological origins of,
37
; canine,
24
,
47
; canned,
230n72
; carnivalesque,
60
,
61–62
,
223n48
; causes of,
16
,
24
,
28–29
,
33
,
183
,
222n36
; changing patterns of,
48
,
59–60
,
65–69
; children’s,
44
,
230n75
; Christian discourse of,
x
,
155
; continuity in rituals of,
237n59
; corrective,
40
; and cultural discourse of laughter,
66
; diachronic histories of,
65
,
66
,
67
,
69
; discursive complexity of,
58
; disguised,
5
; effect of social hierarchy on,
28
; ethics of,
27
; fatal,
14
,
172–74
,
176–78
,
180
,
265n92
; feminist,
36–37
,
228n52
; Galen on,
23
; gestures accompanying,
44
; history of,
48
,
49–50
,
65
,
208
,
234n27
; as human property,
29
,
32
,
33
,
34
,
46
,
47
,
137
,
159
,
227n44
; interpretation of,
7
,
17
; inversionary,
60
; isolating,
15
; Jewish debates on,
x
; manifestations for audiences,
42
; manifestations for laughers,
42
; as marker of disruption,
44
,
60
,
67
,
77
,
116
,
118
,
142
,
196–97
; medieval,
61
,
62
,
233n22
; metaphorical use of,
46
; as metaphor of communication,
84
; at mimicry,
112
,
119
,
160
; misunderstanding of,
17
; modern studies of,
29
,
36–37
; neuroscience of,
24
,
29
,
48
,
212
,
229n62
; at oneself,
18
,
19
; organs responsible for,
25
,
29
; within and outside text,
180
,
181
; physical nature of,
16
,
23
,
27
,
39
,
47
,
107
,
116
,
158
,
222n42
,
229n64
; political aspects of,
7
; practice/protocol of,
49–50
,
66
,
67
,
231n2
; prompted by ridicule,
33
; proper and improper uses of,
44
,
49
,
230n75
; proverbs about,
76
; Pygmies’,
45–46
; reassuring,
247n28
; refinement of,
67–68
; relationship to objects of laughter,
16
,
76
,
160
,
170–72
,
181
,
184
; relationship to power,
x
,
3–4
,
6
; in religious,
60
; rhetoric of,
44
; role of memory in,
15
; Roman intellectuals on,
ix
; scientific discussions of,
46
; self-reflexivity of,
223n50
; shared,
15
; social,
40
,
229n62
,
230n72
,
247n29
; social determinants of,
27–28
,
43
,
65
; social regulation of,
43–44
; at someone/thing,
7
,
221n20
; Soviet scholars on,
234n33
; stifled,
2–3
,
5
,
6
,
7
; stimulation of,
224n17
; in theological texts,
238n68
; in time of trouble,
245n9
; as unitary phenomenon,
42
,
230n71
; universal psychology of,
53
,
61
; written representations of,
11
,
36
,
222n35