| 39. Gray, "Sex and Sexual Perversion," 166. For arguments that homosexuality may be adaptive to the species, see Ruse, "The Morality of Homosexuality," 38081.
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| 40. Levy, "Perversion and the Unnatural," 17475.
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| 41. Gray, "Sex and Sexual Perversion," 168.
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| 42. Slote, "Inapplicable Concepts," 262.
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| 43. Ibid.
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| 44. Ibid., 265.
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| 45. Kadish, "The Possibility of Perversion," 101, 98104.
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| 46. Ruse, "The Morality of Homosexuality," 384.
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| 47. Ibid., 385; Kadish, "The Possibility of Perversion," 111, 112.
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| 48. Ruddick, "Better Sex," 289; Moulton, "Sexual Behavior," 64.
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| 49. Ruddick, "Better Sex," 288.
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| 50. Moulton, "Sexual Behavior," 70. For other counterexamples to Ruddick's characterization, see Levy, "Perversion and the Unnatural," 172, and Ketchum, "The Good, the Bad and the Perverted," 15051.
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| 51. See Linda Williams's discussion of how performance artist Annie Sprinkle practices this form of sexual deconstruction in "A Provoking Agent: The Pornography and Performance of Annie Sprinkle," in Gibson and Gibson, Dirty Looks , 17691; also see Lynne Segal's theorizing about "straight" sex as one of many "perverse" or "queer" alternatives, in Straight Sex: Rethinking the Politics of Pleasure (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994).
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