Machine Made: Tammany Hall and the Creation of Modern American Politics (52 page)

49. FDR to Smith, September 17, 1926, FDR Family, Business and Personal Papers, Box 5, FDR Library, Hyde Park.

50. Slayton,
Empire Statesman
, p. 257;
New York Times
, June 29, 1928.

51.
New York Times
, June 29, 1928.

52. “Should Liberals Vote for Smith?”
The Nation
, vol. 127, no. 3299 (September 26, 1928). The editors did not answer their own question, advising readers to decide for themselves whether to vote for Smith or the Socialist Party candidate, Norman Thomas, who was a contributor to the magazine.

53.
New York Times
, October 18, 1928.

54. Joseph Tumulty to Thomas McCarthy, November 8, 1928; Joseph Tumulty to Millard Tydings, March 28, 1939, Joseph Tumulty Papers, Boxes 69, 60, Library of Congress. In his letter to Tydings, Tumulty sought to block the appointment of a contributor to Hoover’s campaign for a minor office.

55. Slayton,
Empire Statesman
, p. 315.

56. Ibid., p. 325.

Twelve:
T
HE
B
ATTLE OF
T
WO
G
OVERNORS

1. Flynn,
You’re the Boss
, p. 98.

2. Robert A. Caro
, The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York
(New York: Vintage, 1975), p. 296.

3. “Roosevelt and Tammany Hall: Heretofore and Up to Now,” found in Vertical File, Box O, FDR Papers, FDR Library, Hyde Park.

4. Flynn,
You’re the Boss
, p. 96.

5. Ibid., pp. 99–100.

6. Slayton,
Empire Statesman
, p. 366.

7. James J. Hoey to Louis Howe, April 7, 1932; Hoey to James Farley, May 4, 1932, James A. Farley Papers, Box 1, Library of Congress.

8. Weiss,
Charles Francis Murphy
, p. 92.

9. William Gibbs McAdoo to Joseph Tumulty, February 24, 1932, Joseph Tumulty Papers, Box 69, Library of Congress.

10. Flynn,
You’re the Boss
, p. 108.

11.
New York Times
, July 2, 1932.

12.
The Reminiscences of Edward J. Flynn
, Columbia Center for Oral History, p. 13,
New York Times
, June 19, 1932.

13. Claude Bowers to Edward J. Flynn, October 16, 1947, Edward J. Flynn Papers, Box 1, FDR Library, Hyde Park.

14. Allen,
The Tiger
, p. 253;
New York Times
, September 11, 1932.

15. Curry quote: Allen,
The Tiger
, p. 239. The Tammany letterhead lists Lehman as vice chair of the committee. See, for example, George Olvany to James A. Farley, November 9, 1927, James Farley Papers, Box 1, Library of Congress.

16.
New York Times
, December 4, 5, 1932.

Thirteen:
L
EGACIES

1. Huthmacher
, Senator Robert F. Wagner and the Rise of Urban Liberalism
, p. 13; Oral History of Leon Keyserling, Harry S. Truman Presidential Library, pp. 24–25. Available at http://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/keyserl.htm.

2. Huthmacher,
Senator Robert F. Wagner
, pp. 190, 197.

3.
New York Times
, July 6, 1937.

4. Thomas Kessner
, Fiorello H. La Guardia and the Making of Modern New York
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989), p. 249.

5. La Guardia, his wife, and their two children eventually did move to Gracie Mansion during La Guardia’s third term.

6. For more on public-payroll cuts, see Steven P. Erie,
Rainbow’s End: Irish-Americans and the Dilemmas of Urban Machine Politics, 1840–1985
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988), pp. 107–39, and Terry Golway,
So Others Might Live: The FDNY since 1700
(New York: Basic Books, 2002), p. 191. For Berry’s quote, see
New York Times
, September 25, 1932.

7. Ira Rosenwaite
, Population History of New York City
(Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1972), p. 98.

8. Jeremiah Mahoney to Herbert Claiborne Pell, October 14, 1938, Papers of Herbert Claiborne Pell, Box 13, FDR Library, Hyde Park.

9. Allen,
The Tiger
, p. 255.

10.
New York Times
, November 16, 1933;
The Reminiscences of Jeremiah T. Mahoney
, p. 144, Columbia Center for Oral History.

11. Thomas Kessner
, Fiorello H. La Guardia
, p. 415.

12. According to Frances Perkins, FDR said that nearly everything he did at the federal level was “like things Al Smith did as Governor of New York.” See Perkins,
The Roosevelt I Knew
, p. 150.

13. Herbert Claiborne Pell to Jeremiah T. Mahoney, May 9, 1938, Box 13, FDR Library, Hyde Park.1

14.
New York Times
, September 12, August 23, 1937.

15.
The Reminiscences of Jeremiah T. Mahoney
, Columbia Center for Oral History, p. 77.

16. Richard H. Rovere, “Nothing Much to It,”
New Yorker
, September 8, 1945.

17. The letters of protest and news clips can be found in the President’s Official File, 5224, Box 1, FDR Library, Hyde Park.

18. Flynn
, You’re the Boss
, p. 194.

19. Ibid., p. 195.

20. Richard H. Rovere, “A Man for This Age, Too,”
New York Times Magazine
, April 11, 1965.

21. This account is based on Robert Caro’s poignant description of Al Smith’s final years in
The Power Broker
, pp. 381–83, and the documentary “The Irish in America: Long Journey Home,” directed by Thomas Lennon and shown on PBS in 1997.

22. Telegram from Roosevelt to Smith, May 4, 1944; Smith to Roosevelt, June 29, 1944, President’s Personal File, PPF 676, FDR Library, Hyde Park;
New York Times
, October 5, 1944.

23. This account is based on a
New York Times
article, January 21, 1973.

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Adams, Peter.
The Bowery Boys: Street Corner Radicals and the Politics of Rebellion.
Westport, CT: Praeger, 2005.

Allen, Oliver E.
The Tiger: The Rise and Fall of Tammany Hall.
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Allen, Theodore W.
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Bosses, Machines, and Urban Voters.
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Anbinder, Tyler.
Five Points: The Nineteenth Century New York Neighborhood That Invented Tap Dance, Stole Elections, and Became the World’s Most Notorious Slum.
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