Marketplace of the Marvelous (49 page)

99.
Ambrose Bierce,
Devil's Dictionary
(Cleveland: World Publishing, 1948), 139.

100.
“Mrs. Mary Baker Eddy, Boston,”
Cincinnati Daily Gazette
, June 8, 1882.

101.
Gillian Gill,
Mary Baker Eddy
(New York: Perseus, 1998), 289.

102.
Richard Cabot, “One Hundred Christian Science Cures,”
McClure's Magazine
31 (1908): 472–76; Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 124–26.

103.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 125–27.

104.
Rev. M. W. Gifford,
Christian Science against Itself
(Cincinnati: Jennings and Pye, 1902), 74, 258.

105.
Rev. Gray,
The Antidote to Christian Science or How to Deal with It from the Bible and Christian Point of View
(New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1907), 52.

106.
Edgar L. Wakeman, “Wakeman's Wanderings,”
Concord Evening Monitor
, January 17, 1891; Ralph Wallace Reed, “A Study of the Case of Mary Baker G. Eddy,”
Cincinnati Lancet-Clinic
104 (October 15, 1910): 360; McDonald, “Mary Baker Eddy,” 98–100.

107.
McDonald, “Mary Baker Eddy,” 105–6.

108.
“Global Membership,”
Christian Science
,
http://christianscience.com/church-of-christ-scientist/about-the-church-of-christ-scientist/global-membership
.

109.
Rennie B. Schoepflin, “Christian Science Healing in America,” in Gevitz,
Other Healers
, 197.

110.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 175.

111.
Ibid., 145–46, 153–56.

112.
Ralph Waldo Trine,
In Tune With the Infinite
(New York: Crowell Co., 1897), 16, i.

113.
Frank C. Haddock,
Mastery of Self for Wealth, Power, Success
(Meriden, CT: Pelton, 1928),
Project Gutenberg
,
http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4286
.

114.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 164–67.

115.
Sara Y. Krakauer,
Treating Dissociative Identity Disorder: The Power of the Collective Heart
(Philadelphia: Brunner-Routledge, 2001), 5–10.

1.
James Frank Dobie,
Rattlesnakes
(Austin: University of Texas Press, 1982), 75–76; Dan Hurley,
Natural Causes: Death, Lies and Politics in America's Vitamin and Herbal Supplement Industry
(New York: Broadway Books, 2006), 1–2; Gene Fowler,
Mavericks: A Gallery of Texas Characters
(Austin: University of Texas Press, 2008), 97–100; Joe Schwarcz, “Why Are Snake-Oil Remedies So-Called?,”
Gazette
(Montreal), February 23, 2008,
http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette
.

2.
Nadis,
Wonder Shows
, 6.

3.
Harold B. Gill,
The Apothecary in Colonial Virginia
(Williamsburg: Colonial Williamsburg, 1972), 44.

4.
Sally Lansdell Osborn, “Delights of Daffy,” Medicine at the Margins conference paper, University of Glamorgan (Wales), April 15, 2011,
http://phdpanacea.wordpress.com/2011/08/20/the-delights-of-daffy/
.

5.
Young,
Medical Messiahs
, 14–15.

6.
John Parascandola, “Patent Medicines and the Public's Health,”
Public Health Reports
114, no. 4 (July–August 1999): 320.

7.
Young, “Patent Medicine,” 96–99.

8.
Anderson,
Snake Oil
, 35–36; Kellie Patrick Gates, “PennDOT Archaeologists Uncover Historic Dyottville Glass Works,” PlanPhilly, January 20, 2012,
http://planphilly.com/penndot-archaeologists-uncover-historic-dyottville-glass-works
(accessed April 18, 2012).

9.
Sivulka,
Soap, Sex, and Cigarettes
, 34.

10.
Lydia Pinkham quoted in Stage,
Female Complaints
, 46.

11.
Ibid., 17–23; “Lady with a Compound,”
American Journal of Nursing
59, no. 6 (June 1959): 854.

12.
Stage,
Female Complaints
, 27–28.

13.
Virginia G. Drachman,
Enterprising Women: 250 Years of American Business
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002), 42–44; ibid., 30–31.

14.
Daniel Pinkham quoted in “News,”
Lynn (MA) Daily Item
, January 23, 1893.

15.
Drachman,
Enterprising Women
, 43; Haller,
American Medicine in Transition
, 269–70; Stage,
Female Complaints
, 31.

16.
Young, “Patent Medicine,” 99–103.

17.
Stage,
Female Complaints
, 52, 89–90; John King,
The American Dispensatory
, 10th ed. (Cincinnati: Wistach, Baldwin, and Co., 1876), 79.

18.
Jacob Bigelow, MD, “On Self Limited Diseases,” paper presented to the Massachusetts Medical Society ( May 27, 1835), repr. in
Medical America in the Nineteenth Century: Readings from the Literature
, ed. Gert H. Brieger (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972), 99, 103–4.

19.
Stage,
Female Complaints
, 55–56.

20.
Richard Swiderski,
Calomel in America: Mercurial Panacea, War, Song, and Ghosts
(Boca Raton, FL: BrownWalker Press, 2012), 59–60; Cohen, “Medical Social Movements,” 59–63.

21.
“Editor's Table,”
Cincinnati Lancet and Observer
6 (June 1836), 376.

22.
Stage,
Female Complaints
, 61–62.

23.
Shaw, “History of the Comstock Patent Medicine Business,” 24–25; Stage,
Female Complaints
, 62–63; Anderson,
Snake Oil
, 37.

24.
Stage,
Female Complaints
, 32.

25.
Jacob Appel, “Physicians Are Not Bootleggers: The Short, Particular Life of the Medicinal Alcohol Movement,”
Bulletin of the History of Medicine
8, no. 2 (July 10, 2008): 355–86; ibid., 32, 62.

26.
Stage,
Female Complaints
, 90.

27.
Young, “Patent Medicine,” 103.

28.
Stage,
Female Complaints
, 40–41; Young, “Patent Medicines,” 102–3.

29.
Stage,
Female Complaints
, 17, 40–41.

30.
Sivulka,
Soap, Sex, and Cigarettes
, 34–35; Troesken, “Elasticity of Demand,” 25–27.

31.
Boston Daily Times
quoted in Michael Schudson,
Discovering the News: A Social History of American Newspapers
(New York: Basic Books, 1978), 23; Parascandola,
Sex, Sin, and Science
, 320.

32.
Stage, F
emale Complaints
, 100; Parascandola,
Sex, Sin, and Science
, 320; Anderson,
Snake Oil
, 44.

33.
American Medical Association,
Nostrums and Quackery: Articles on the Nostrum Evil, Quackery, Reprinted, with Additions and Modifications, from
The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 1 (Chicago: American Medical Association Press, 1912), 364.

34.
Stage,
Female Complaints
, 102–3.

35.
Drake Holcombe, “Private Die Proprietaries,”
Weekly Philatelic Gossip
113 (June 1842): 375.

36.
Charles Austin Bates,
Good Advertising
(New York: Holmes Publishing, 1896), 439.

37.
Erika Janik and Matthew B. Jensen, “Giving Them What They Want: The Reinhardts and Quack Medicine in Wisconsin,”
Wisconsin Magazine of History
94 (Summer 2011): 31–32.

38.
Parascandola,
Sex, Sin, and Science
, 320–21; Brooks McNamara, “The Indian Medicine Show,”
Educational Theatre Journal
23, no. 4 (December 1971): 432.

39.
“Medicated Almanacs,”
New York Times
, January 16, 1860, ProQuest Historical Newspapers:
New York Times
(1851–2008), accessed April 11, 2012.

40.
Shaw, “History of the Comstock Patent Medicine Business,” 30–31.

41.
Stage,
Female Complaints
, 93.

42.
Master Specialist,
Home Private Medical Advisor
.

43.
Sivulka,
Soap, Sex, and Cigarettes
, 35.

44.
Nadis,
Wonder Shows
, 20–21.

45.
“Popularizing Science,”
Nation
4, no. 80 (January 10, 1867): 32.

46.
George Park Fisher, ed.,
Life of Benjamin Silliman
, M.D., L.L.D., vol. 2 (New York: Charles Scribner and Co., 1866), 1–2.

47.
As quoted in John C. Greene, “Protestantism, Science and American Enterprise: Benjamin Silliman,” in
Benjamin Silliman and His Circle
, ed. Leonard G. Wilson (New York: Science History Publishing, 1979), 22.

48.
Nadis,
Wonder Shows
, 22–23.

49.
Anderson,
Snake Oil
, 6.

50.
Nadis,
Wonder Shows
, 10, 23–27, 35–45.

51.
Ibid., 29–30, 35–36.

52.
Ibid., 32–39.

53.
Porter,
Quacks
, 84–85; Nadis,
Wonder Shows
, 30, 36; Starr,
Social Transformation of American Medicine
, 48.

54.
Starr,
Social Transformation of American Medicine
, 128; “Facts for Sick Women,”
Breckenridge News
(Cloverport, KY), October 20, 1909.

55.
Stage,
Female Complaints
, 45–46; “Lady with a Compound,”
American Journal of Nursing
, 855.

56.
Steven Seidman, “The Power of Desire and the Danger of Pleasure: Victorian Sexuality Reconsidered,”
Journal of Social History
24 (Autumn 1990): 50–51; Ellen Bayuk Rosenman, “Body Doubles: The Spermatorrhea Panic,”
Journal of the History of Sexuality
12, no. 3 (July 2003): 366.

57.
Master Specialist,
Home Private Medical Advisor
.

58.
A. C. Umbreit, “The Reinhardts and Their Frauds,” 12, in “Medical Institute Investigation 1907,”
Wisconsin Governor, Investigations, 1851-1959
, series 81, box 18, folder 6, Wisconsin Historical Society; Consumer Price Index Calculator, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
http://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm
.

59.
Starr,
Social Transformation of American Medicine
, 127–28; Umbreit,
Pending Medical Legislation
, 12; Umbreit, “The Reinhardts and Their Frauds,” 12–13, 14.

60.
“Code of Ethics, Adopted May, 1847,” American Medical Association (Philadelphia: Turner Hamilton, 1871), 15.

61.
Henry H. Tucker, “‘The True Physician': An Address Delivered before the Graduating Class of the Medical College of Georgia, at Its Annual Commencement” (Augusta, GA: E. H. Pughe, 1867), 7.

62.
Starr,
Social Transformation of American Medicine
, 128–29.

63.
New York Times
, May 7, 1875, ProQuest Historical Newspapers:
New York Times
(1851–2008), accessed April 11, 2012.

64.
Haller,
American Medicine in Transition
, 269–70.

65.
Rosenman, “Body Doubles,” 389; William H. Helfand,
Quack, Quack, Quack: The Sellers of Nostrums in Prints, Posters, Ephemera, and Books
(Hamden, CT: Winterhouse Editions, 2002), 22.

66.
Stage,
Female Complaints
, 103–4.

67.
Norman Gevitz, “Three Perspectives on Unorthodox Medicine,” in Gevitz,
Other Healers
, 9; Starr,
Social Transformation of American Medicine
, 129–30.

68.
American Lancet
, “Can the Advertisements in a Reputable Medical Journal
Promote Quackery,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
22 (Chicago: American Medical Association, 1894), 957–58.

69.
“Physicians' Advertisements,”
Boston Medical and Surgical Journal
(1866): 303–4.

70.
Dr. Hunter, “Dr. Hunter on Quacks and Quackeries,”
New York Daily Times
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New York Times
(1851–2008), accessed April 11, 2012.

71.
Porter,
Quacks
, 16–18.

72.
Troesken, “Elasticity of Demand,” 5–6; Starr,
Social Transformation of American Medicine
, 18; Porter,
Quacks
, 31, 47.

73.
Troesken, “Elasticity of Demand,” 32; Starr,
Social Transformation of American Medicine
, 128.

74.
Porter,
Quacks
, 11–12, 17–19, 23, 30–31.

75.
Ibid., 30–31; Guenter B. Risse, “Introduction,” in Risse,
Medicine without Doctors
, 1–4.

76.
Troesken, “Elasticity of Demand,” 17–19; Anne Cooper Funderburg,
Sundae Best: History of Soda Fountains
(Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 2002), 93–94, 72; Barbara Mikkelson, “Cocaine-Cola,”
Snopes.com
, May 19, 2011,
http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/cocaine.asp;
“Advertising and Branding,” Patent Medicine Exhibit, Hagley Museumand Library, Wilmington, DE,
http://www.hagley.org/library/exhibits/patentmed/history/advertisingbranding.html;
Joe Nickell, “‘Pop' Culture: Patent Medicines Become Soda Drinks,”
Skeptical Inquirer
35 (January/February 2011),
http://www.csicop.org/si/show/pop_culture_patent_medicines_become_soda_drinks/
.