Marketplace of the Marvelous (50 page)

BOOK: Marketplace of the Marvelous
3.05Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub

77.
Nancy Tomes, “The Great American Medicine Show Revisited,”
Bulletin of the History of Medicine
79, no. 4 (2005): 635; Anderson,
Snake Oil
, 31; Young,
Medical Messiahs
, 20.

78.
FDA, “A History of the FDA and Drug Regulation in the United States,”
http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/WhatWeDo/History/default.htm;
Julie Donohue, “A History of Drug Advertising: The Evolving Roles of Consumers and Consumer Protection,”
Milbank Quarterly
84, no. 4 (2006): 663–64; Stage,
Female Complaints
, 170–71.

79.
Umbreit,
Pending Medical Legislation
, 12.

80.
Umbreit, “The Reinhardts and Their Frauds,” 16–17; “The Reinhardt Case Concluded: The End of a Long Fight for the Protection of the Public Against Imposition,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
51 (October 3, 1908): 1144–49.

81.
“The Reinhardt Case Concluded.”

82.
“Williams' Electric Batteries,” image on
Quackery: A Brief History of Quack Medicines and Peddlers
,
http://www.authentichistory.com/1898–1913/2-progressivism/8-quackery/index.html
(December 23, 2012).

83.
Peter Conrad and Valerie Leiter, “From Lydia Pinkham to Queen Levitra: Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Medicalization,” in Simon J. Williams et al., eds.,
Pharmaceuticals and Society: Critical Discourses and Debates
(Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2009), 18–23; Dominick L. Frosch et al., “A Decade of Controversy: Balancing Policy with Evidence in the Regulation of Prescription Drug Advertising,”
American Journal of Public Health
100, no. 1 (January 2010): 24–25, 31.

CHAPTER SEVEN: MANUAL MEDICINE

1.
B. J. Palmer,
The Science of Chiropractic: Its Principles and Philosophies
, 4th ed. (Davenport, IA: Palmer School of Chiropractic, 1920), 59–61; D. D. Palmer,
Text-Book of the Science, Art, and Philosophy of Chiropractic, for Students and Practitioners
(Portland, ME: Portland Printing House, 1910), 10, 18; Wardwell, “Chiropractors,” in Gevitz,
Other Healers
, 157–58.

2.
Moore,
Chiropractic in America
, 4.

3.
Ibid., 15.

4.
Hippocrates, “On the Articulations,” trans. Francis Adams, online at Internet Classics Archive,
http://classics.mit.edu/Hippocrates/artic.html
.

5.
Moore,
Chiropractic in America
, 15–17; Pettman, “History of Manipulative Therapy.”

6.
Moore,
Chiropractic in America
, 15–16; Richard Dean Smith, “Avicenna and the
Canon of Medicine
: A Millennial Tribute,”
Western Journal of Medicine
133 (October 1980): 368.

7.
James Caulfield, “Mrs. Mapp, The Female Bone-setter,” in
Portraits, Memoirs, and Characters, of Remarkable Persons, from the Revolution in 1688 to the End of the Reign of George II: Collected from the Authentic Accounts Extant
, vol. 4 (London: T. H. Whiteley, 1820), 70–77; Moore,
Chiropractic in America
, 16–17.

8.
Paul Slack, “Mirrors of Health and Treasures of Poor Men: The Uses of the Vernacular Medical Literature of Tudor England,” in
Health, Medicine, and Mortality in the Sixteenth Century
, ed. Charles Webster (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1979), 237.

9.
Moore,
Chiropractic in America
, 16–17.

10.
J. Paget, “Cases That Bonesetters Cure,”
British Medical Journal
1 (1867): 1–4.

11.
Moore,
Chiropractic in America
, 17.

12.
Leonard F. Peltier, MD,
Fractures: A History and Iconography of Their Treatment
(San Francisco: Norman Publishing, 1990), 4–5; Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 144.

13.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 143.

14.
Ibid., 142–43.

15.
Gevitz, “Osteopathic Medicine,” in Gevitz,
Other Healers
, 125.

16.
Still, “Osteopathy.”

17.
Walter,
Women and Osteopathic Medicine
, 6–7.

18.
Pettman, “History of Manipulative Therapy.”

19.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 144; Walter,
Women and Osteopathic Medi
cine
, 8–9.

20.
Cohen, “Medical Social Movements,” 76; Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 144.

21.
Still, “Osteopathy,” 2.

22.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 145.

23.
Cohen, “Medical Social Movements,” 76.

24.
Still,
Autobiography
, 287.

25.
Still, “Osteopathy,” 3.

26.
Still,
Autobiography
, 371.

27.
Ibid., 219, 310.

28.
Pettman, “History of Manipulative Therapy.”

29.
Still, “Osteopathy,” 4.

30.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 148–50.

31.
Still,
Osteopathy: Research and Practice
, 338.

32.
Still,
Autobiography
, 32.

33.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 149.

34.
Ibid., 150.

35.
A. T. Still, “Differences Between Osteopathy and Massage,” in George Webster,
Concerning Osteopathy
(Norwood, MA: Plimpton Press, 1917), 93.

36.
Emmons Rutledge Booth,
History of Osteopathy, and Twentieth Century Medical Practice
(Cincinnati: Press of Jennings and Graham, 1905), 33.

37.
Gevitz, “Osteopathic Medicine,” in Gevitz,
Other Healers
, 129–30.

38.
Arthur Hildreth,
The Lengthening Shadow of Dr. Andrew Taylor Still
(Kirksville, MO: Journal Printing, 1942), 31.

39.
Cohen, “Medical Social Movements,” 78–79, 81–83; Baer, “Divergence and Convergence,” 184.

40.
Quoted in Walter,
Women and Osteopathic Medicine
, 12.

41.
Lara Vapnek,
Breadwinners: Working Women and Economic Independence, 1865–1920
(Carbondale: University of Illinois Press, 2009), 11–13.

42.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 151; Walter,
Women and Osteopathic Medicine
, 13; Still,
Autobiography
, 156.

43.
Still,
Autobiography
, 155.

44.
Walter,
Women and Osteopathic Medicine
, 12.

45.
Wardwell,
Chiropractic
, 52–53.

46.
Moore,
Chiropractic in America
, 6–12.

47.
Gielow,
Old Dad Chiro
, 47–48.

48.
Wardwell,
Chiropractic
, 53.

49.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 167.

50.
Gielow,
Old Dad Chiro
, 44, 47.

51.
Moore,
Chiropractic in America
, 14.

52.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 167.

53.
Gielow,
Old Dad Chiro
, 79; ibid., 168.

54.
Wardwell,
Chiropractic
, 56.

55.
Moore,
Chiropractic in America
, 19.

56.
Ibid., 21.

57.
Wardwell, “Chiropractic,” in Gevitz,
Other Healers
, 189; Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 169–71; Moore.
Chiropractic in America
, 21–22.

58.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 170–71.

59.
Palmer,
The Chiropractic Adjustor
, 21–22, 380.

60.
Ibid., 558; Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 173.

61.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 173.

62.
Martin, “The Only Truly Scientific Method of Healing,” 213.

63.
Still,
Autobiography
, 208.

64.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 146.

65.
Andrew T. Still, “Body and Soul of Man,” 2 (1903), Andrew Taylor Still Papers, Missouri Digital Heritage,
http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/u?/atsu,736
.

66.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 146.

67.
Ibid., 171–72.

68.
Palmer,
The Chiropractic Adjustor
, 835–39.

69.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 172.

70.
Moore,
Chiropractic in America
, 105–6.

71.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 174; Wardwell,
Chiropractic
, 59; Susan Smith-Cunnien, “Without Drugs or Knives: The Early Years of Chiropractic,”
Minnesota History
59, no. 5 (Spring 2005): 202.

72.
Palmer quoted in Moore,
Chiropractic in America
, 108.

73.
Oakley Smith,
Naprapathy Genetics: Being a Study of the Origin and Development of Naprapathy
(Chicago: printed by the author, 1932), 5–6.

74.
Matthew Brennan, “Perspectives on Chiropractic Education in Medical Literature, 1910–1933,”
Chiropractic History
3 (1983): 285–88.

75.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 185–87.

76.
“Chiropractic Candor,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
75 (November 19, 1920): 1276.

77.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 186–87; Wardwell, “Chiropractors,” in Gevitz,
Other Healers
, 158–59; Moore, 46–49; Thomas Lamar, “From Broadcasting to Podcasting: Chiropractic Is on the Air!,” part I, Spinal Column Radio,
http://spinalcolumnradio.com/2010/02/05/from-broadcasting-to-podcasting-chiropractic-is-on-the-air-part-1/;
“Chiropractic Candor,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
, 1276.

78.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 152.

79.
Still,
Autobiography
, 321–22.

80.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 152–53; Cohen, “Medical Social Movements,” 93–94.

81.
Laughlin quoted Baer,
Biomedicine and Alternative Healing Systems
, 54, 53.

82.
Ibid., 53–55.

83.
Ibid., 72–73; Moore,
Chiropractic in America
, 94–98.

84.
Cohen, “Medical Social Movements,” 93–99.

85.
Russell Gibbons,
Chiropractic History: Lost, Strayed or Stolen
(Davenport, IA: Palmer College Student Council, 1976), 13-14.

86.
Gevitz, “Osteopathic Medicine,” in Gevitz,
Other Healers
, 132–34.

87.
Ibid., 134–35.

88.
Still,
Autobiography
, 395–96.

89.
Cohen, “Medical Social Movements,” 106.

90.
Wardwell,
Chiropractic
, 58–63.

91.
Cohen, “Medical Social Movements,” 106; Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 182–84.

92.
Wardwell,
Chiropractic
, 68–69.

93.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 182–83; Wardwell,
Chiropractic
, 67.

94.
Palmer,
The Chiropractic Adjustor
, 146, 256, 695.

95.
John Wesley,
Primitive Physick
, 14th ed. (Philadelphia, 1770), 57, 61–62.

96.
Harvey Green and Mary Elizabeth Perry,
The Light of the Home: An Intimate View of the Lives of Women in Victorian America
(New York: Pantheon, 1983), 138–39.

97.
Leica Claydon et al., “Dose-specific Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on Experimental Pain: A Systematic Review,”
Clinical Journal of Pain
27 (September 2011): 635–47; Richard M. Dubinksy and Janis Miyasaki, “Assessment: Efficacy of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Pain in Neurologic Disorders,”
Neurology
74 (January 12, 2010): 173–76.

98.
“Mr. Frank X. Trudell,”
Anaconda (MT) Standard
, March 31, 1907, 12; Moore,
Chiropractic in America
, 23–25, 31–41.

99.
Moore,
Chiropractic in America
, 22–23; Starr,
Social Transformation of American Medicine
, 54–58.

100.
Cohen, “Medical Social Movements,” 100; Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 159–60.

101.
B. J. Palmer,
The Philosophy of Chiropractic
(Davenport, IA: Palmer School of Chiropractic, 1909), 5:6.

102.
I. D. Coulter, “Chiropractic and Medical Education: A Contrast in Models of Health and Illness,”
Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association
27, no. 4 (December 1983): 153.

103.
James B. Campbell et al., “Chiropractic and Vaccination: A Historical Perspective,”
Pediatrics
105, no. 4 (April 1, 2000),
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/105/4/e43.full;
Martin, “Chiropractic and the Social Context of Medical Technology,” 814.

104.
Moore,
Chiropractic in America
, 142–49.

105.
Cohen, “Medical Social Movements,” 82–83.

106.
Twain quoted in Ober,
Mark Twain and Medicine
, 160–63.

107.
“Topics of the Times,”
New York Times
, May 31, 1905, ProQuest Historical Newspapers:
New York Times
(1851–2008), accessed March 9, 2012.

108.
Richard Newton, “Is There Any Good in Osteopathy?,”
American Medicine
6 (1903): 616–17; Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 152–53.

Other books

Singapore Sling Shot by Andrew Grant
The Hidden Law by Michael Nava
Changed By Fire (Book 3) by D.K. Holmberg
Genuine Lies by Nora Roberts
Heroes of the Valley by Jonathan Stroud
Robert by Sam Crescent
Apex Predator by Glyn Gardner
Unknown by Unknown