Marlborough (96 page)

Great Northern War (1700–20), 306, 358

Great Trill (house), Axminster, 42

Greg, William, 363

Gregg, Edward, 103, 210, 237–8, 328, 438, 450

grenades and grenadiers, 72–3, 116

Grenville, George, 219

Greville, Colonel John, 170

Grey de Ruthin, Henry Yelverton, 15th Baron, 140

Grey of Wark, Ford Grey, 3rd Baron, 18, 111, 123–4

Griffin, Edward, 99, 107

Grimaldi, Lieutenant General Antonio, marquis de, 372–3, 385

Groenwald, 385–7

Grumbkow, Friedrich Wilhelm von, 376, 388, 407

Guedalla, Philip, 14

Gueldermalsen, Adriaen van Borssele van der, Baron, 196, 231, 391

Guelders, 231, 249

Guiche, Antoine Charles IV Gramont, comte de, 340, 424

Guiscard, Jean, 130

Guiscard, Martha, 130

Guiscard-Magny, Louis, marquis de, 341

Gwyn, John, 53–4

Gwyn, Nell, 27, 91, 109

Hacker, John, 126

Hague, The:

Mauritshuis, 193

Marlborough visits Heinsius in, 222

postal service, 223

French negotiate in (1705), 318–19

peace negotiations in (1709), 409–10

Haguenau, Lines of, 326, 331

Haine, river, 422

halberds, 307

Hales, Colonel Sir Edward, 131 & n, 132

Halifax, Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of:

ennobled, 28

in Whig junto, 35n; and Exclusion crisis, 93

on Rochester’s position, 101

and birth of Prince James Francis Edward Stuart, 137

and William’s accession, 156

and Marlborough’s imprisonment in Tower, 180

sets up Bank of England, 189

and Marlborough’s award of commissions, 208

and Marlborough’s administrative duties, 448

Hall, Jacob, 63

Hamilton, Charles (‘comte d’Arran’), 65

Hamilton, Sir David, 445, 448–9, 463

Hamilton, Frances, Lady
see
Tyrconnell, Frances, Countess of

Hamilton, Sir George:

commands Irish regiment, 52, 80, 86

and battle of Sinsheim, 80

marriage to Frances Jennings, 86

killed, 89

Hamilton, James Douglas, 4th Duke of (
earlier
Earl of Arran), 19, 65

Hamilton, James (Jacobite agent), 474

Hamilton, Colonel John, 20

Hamilton, Colonel Richard, 158

Hampton Court, 57

Hanover:

Marlborough visits, 329

Hanover, Ernst Augustus, Elector of, 261, 328–9

Hanover, George, Elector of
see
George I, King

Hanover, Prince Georg August, Elector of, 192

Hanover, Sophia, Electress of, 191–2, 328

death, 468–9

Hanoverian succession, 15, 37, 192, 261, 328–9, 463

Happy Return
(ship), 99

Hapsburgs:

and Spanish succession, 193, 452

antagonise Hungarians, 250

super-state averted, 459

Harcourt, Marshal Henri I, duc d’ (1709), 216

Harcourt, Simon, 1st Viscount, 444

Hare, Francis, 8, 374

Harley, Robert
see
Oxford and Mortimer, 1st Earl of

Harley, Thomas, 468

Harris, Frances, 473, 477

Harris, Tim, 34, 37

Hart, Charles, 63

Harvey, Major General Daniel, 264, 355

Harvey, William, 14

Hauterive, 402

Hawksmoor, Nicholas, 477

Hawley, Lieutenant General Henry (‘Hangman’), 205

Hay, Colonel Lord John, 347–8

Hearne, Captain Nicholas, 405, 446

Hearne, Thomas, 441

Hedges, Sir Charles, 206, 208, 325

Heidelberg, 259

Heidenheim, 266, 306

Heinsius, Anthonie:

and French invasion of Spanish Netherlands, 193

background and diplomatic career, 200

relations with William of Orange, 200

relations with Marlborough, 201, 222

and Marlborough’s responsibilities, 203

and Dutch cavalry armour, 206

and threat from Boufflers, 224, 229

and siege of Venlo, 227

Marlborough recommends Gell to, 232

and death of Marlborough’s son, 236

and additional troops for campaign, 240

on Cutts’s plans, 241

and English threat to retain Ostend, 243

and attempt on Antwerp, 244

and Marlborough’s pessimism over conduct of war, 246

and Dutch failure to support offensive action, 247, 256

and Marlborough’s view of importance of Prince William of Baden, 251

Marlborough urges to support Austrians, 254

and Marlborough’s strategy against Villeroi, 256

and Marlborough’s plans to harass Bavaria, 277

and siege of Ingolstadt, 279

acknowledges Marlborough’s princely title, 303

on French threat to Liège and Limburg, 310

and Marlborough’s plans in 1705 campaign, 311, 317

and Marlborough’s frustration with Slangenburg, 325

and Marlborough’s ill-health, 328

and Marlborough’s plans for 1706 campaign, 330–1

and diversionary attack on Toulon, 357–8

and Marlborough’s campaign against Vendôme, 361

letter to Marlborough on failure in Spain, 362

warns of difficulties in 1708 campaign, 362

warned of proposal to abandon Brussels, 371

and siege of Lille, 398

and peace negotiations with France, 419–20, 435

told of Marlborough’s money rewards, 439

and increase in British troops, 448

and Eugène’s command on Rhine, 452

and Prussian claim on Prince of Orange’s territories, 453

and Marlborough’s 1711 strategy, 456

Helchin, 395

Henderson, Sir Nicholas, 267

Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I, 51

Herbert, Admiral Arthur
see
Torrington, 1st Earl of

Herbert of Cherbury, Henry, 4th Baron:

duel with Marlborough, 61

Herlegem, 386–7

Hertford, Algernon Seymour, Marquess of (
later
7th Duke of Somerset), 207, 446

Hervey, Isabella, Lady, 23, 63

Hervey, John, Baron (
later
1st Earl of Bristol):

title, 28, 238

on Willigo Blandford, 449

Hesdin, 453

Hesse-Cassel, Frederick, Prince of (
later
King of Sweden), 251, 258, 268, 275, 395, 400, 429–30

Hesse-Cassel, Louis, Prince of, 344

Heurne, 384

Heyden, Baron de, 227

Hibbert, Christopher, 476

‘High Germany’ (song), 306

High Wycombe (constituency), 33

Hill, Abigail
see
Masham, Abigail, Lady

Hill, Jack, 23, 190, 414–15, 442, 446

Höchstäadt, 281–2

battle of (1703), 251

Hodges, Charles, 268

Hodges, Colonel, 161

Hogneau, river, 432

Hollins, Colonel, 447

Holmes, Colonel Abraham, 112, 125

Holstein-Beck, Anthony Gunther, Prince of, 230

Holy Roman Empire
see
Austria

Holywell House, near St Albans, 100, 102, 208, 238, 472–3

Hompesch, Major General Reynout Vincent, Baron, 245, 272, 299, 311, 454–6

Honeywood, Colonel Philip, 24, 445–6

Hooke, Robert, 14

Hop, Jacob, 243–5

Horn, Count, 272, 275

Hornes, Philippe Maximilian, comte de, 315

Hounslow Heath:

military camps, 134, 137

Hucker, Captain John, 123

Huddlestone, Father John, 109

Hudson’s Bay Company, 110, 135

Huguenots:

flee France, 129–30

refugee troops against French, 330

Humières, Marshal Louis de Crevant, duc d’, 159–62

Hungary:

rebellion against Austrian Empire, 250–1

Huntingdon, George Hastings, 8th Earl of, 228

Huy:

captured, 247, 249

French threaten, 259, 332

Villeroi captures, 310

trenches, 312

garrison exchanged for prisoners of war, 367

Hyde, Anne
see
York, Duchess of

Hyde, Lieutenant James, 99

Hyde, Laurence
see
Rochester, 1st Earl of

Iberian Peninsula
see
Portugal; Spain Indulgence, Declarations of:

(1672), 67, 77

(1688), 28

Industrial Revolution, 14, 31

infantry tactics:

battalion and platoon firing, 284–5

Ingoldsby, Lieutenant General Richard, 204, 312, 478

Ingolstadt, 250

siege (1704), 279

Innocent XI, Pope, 146

interest and influence (patronage), 22–7, 31

Ireland:

troops raised, 50

and religious persecution, 130

army reformed under James II, 132–4

campaign in (1690–1), 159, 164–71

foreign troops in, 169–70

Marlborough’s expedition to, 169–70

troops at Malplaquet, 427

see also
Boyne, battle of the

Irwin, Major, 405

Italy:

campaigns, 224, 309, 329–30, 359

Marlborough plans visit to, 331

French withdraw from, 350, 356, 359

Jacobites and Jacobitism:

as threat, 15

Marlborough maintains links with, 153, 165–6, 184, 191, 392, 467, 471, 474

rebellion (1715), 153, 470–1

ex-officers embrace, 158

Godolphin’s links with, 165

plots, 187

attempted landing in Scotland (1708), 215, 364, 369, 370

Whigs fear invasion, 463

rebellion (1745), 471

Jaeger, Marie Sophie, 366

James I, King of England (James VI of Scotland), 27, 67

James II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland (
earlier
Duke of York):

Marlborough abandons, 3, 151–3

mistresses and affairs, 14, 47, 87

deposed, 15–16

and cruel punishments, 18, 95

exile in Netherlands, 26, 92–3

Declaration of Indulgence (1688), 28

and military officers, 36

Arlington serves, 45

affair and children with Arabella Churchill, 47–8

marriage to Anne Hyde, 47

and Marlborough’s army commission, 55

Marlborough serves, 57–8, 70, 92

as colonel of Lord High Admiral’s Regiment, 61

naval command against Dutch, 68–9

favours Marlborough, 77, 89

Catholicism, 78, 95, 128–9, 131–3, 138–9

resigns office over religion, 78

second marriage (to Mary of Modena), 78

reliance on Irish Catholics, 90

and exclusion crisis, 91–3

in Scotland, 93–5

Argyll
opposes, 95–6

character, 96

returns to England (1682), 96–7

escapes from sinking
Gloucester
, 97–9

and Anne’s marriage to Prince George, 106

accession, 109

and Charles II’s deathbed Catholic reconciliation, 109

financial support from Louis XIV, 109

grants English barony to Marlborough, 110

and Monmouth rebellion, 111, 113–14

unpopularity, 128–9, 166

army, 131–5

dissolves Parliament, 131–2