Russia (66 page)
Authors: Philip Longworth
Four Power Treaty,
292
Fradkov, Mikhail,
317
France,
6
,
16
,
165
-
7
,
168
,
170
,
188
,
215
,
218
,
231
,
253
,
261
,
263
,
264
,
320
; aftermath of Waterloo,
195
-
6
; concerns of,
189
; Napoleonic,
1
,
192
-
3
,
198
; navy of,
171
Frederick the Great,
178
Gagarin, Iurii,
270
Gagarin, Matvei (governor of Siberia),
160
-
1
Galich,
52
,
63
,
65
Galicia,
243
Gazprom,
306
Geneva,
286
George Bell & Sons,
206
Georgia, Georgians,
70
,
76
,
93
, no,
112
-
13
,
180
,
181
,
191
,
205
,
219
,
286
,
292
,
297
,
317
,
325
; Kakhetia,
76
; Kartlo-Kakheti,
180
Georgian Democratic Republic,
244
Georgian Military Highway,
191
German Church,
36
German Sixth Army,
258
Germany,
2
,
166
,
222
,
226
,
231
,
241
,
309
,
315
,
320
,
321
; Imperial,
214
; partition of,
262
—
3
; reunification of,
292
; war with,
233
-
6
Ghana,
270
Gladstone, W.E.,
221
Gleb (son of Vladimir),
39
,
43
,
112
Goa,
278
Godunov, Boris, Tsar,
109
; acceptance of crown,
114
-
15
; talents for foreign affairs and administrative matters,
111
; and canard that he ordered the murder of Tsar Dmitrii,
111
-
12
; orders Siberian expedition,
130
-
1
; unhappy reign,
115
-
19
Godunov, Dmitrii (councillor),
109
Godwinson, Harold,
40
Gogol, Nikolai,
219
Golitsyn, Mikhail,
176
Golitsyn, Vasilii,
120
,
123
,
146
,
147
,
148
,
151
Golovkin, Gavrilii,
150
Gomulka, Wladyslaw,
268
Goncharov, Ivan:
Oblomov,
212
Gorbachev, Mikhail,
282
,
284
-
5
,
286
-
9
,
288
—
9
,
321
; appointment as General Secretary of Communist Party,
284
—
5
; coup against,
296
—
7
; democratic leanings,
287
,
289
; economic decline under,
302
; foreign policy of,
286
-
7
; liberal intentions,
286
; positive achievements of,
299
; radical reforms of,
285
-
6
,
289
; resignation of,
298
; responsible for Soviet collapse,
282
; reversal of Brezhnev Doctrine,
288
-
9
; and the satellite countries,
290
-
6
; and separation of powers,
288
Gordon, General Patrick,
137
Gorky, Maxim,
246
Gorskii, A.A.,
51
Government Departments: College of Foreign Affairs,
179
; College of Justice,
163
; Felony
(Razboinii prikaz),
109
; Foreign Affairs,
141
; Kazan,
134
; Ministry of Finance,
224
; Ministry for War,
221
Grand Principality
see
Vladimir-Moscow
Greece, Greeks,
85
,
176
,
263
; immigrants in the service of Ivan III,
74
-
5
,
82
; as part of British sphere,
263
;
see also
Byzantium
‘Greek fire’,
32
Greek Project of Catherine II,
179
-
82
Greenland,
176
Greig, Captain Samuel
(later
Admiral),
172
Group of Seven,
297
Gulag system,
251
Gulf of Bothnia,
154
Gulf of Liautong,
226
Habsburgs,
8
,
76
,
94
,
128
,
137
,
146
,
151
,
166
,
170
Halych
see
Galich
Hango, battle of,
156
Hanseatic League,
76
Harald Hadrada,
40
Hellie, Richard,
129
Helmfeldt, Benjamin,
146
Herberstein, Sigismund von,
84
,
85
Hercegovina,
221
Herder, Gottfried von,
219
Hitler, Adolf,
2
,
253
,
254
,
257
,
258
,
259
,
261
Hobbes, Thomas,
101
Holmgarthr
see
Novgorod-Seversk
Holstein,
153
Hordienko, Ataman,
163
Horsey, Jerome,
111
Hrushevsky, Mikhail,
243
Hungary, Hungarians,
6
,
70
,
72
,
76
,
208
,
255
,
263
-
6
,
268
,
276
,
283
,
290
,
294
laropkin, Mikhail,
75
Iaropolk of Kiev (brother of Vladimir),
38
Iaroslav of Sepukhov, Prince,
63
Iaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince,
27
,
39
,
40
-
3
Iasi,
192
Ibn Khurdadhbih,
22
Ibn Rusta,
24
Iceland,
269
Icelandic sagas,
27
Igor, Prince (son of Oleg/Olga),
30
-
1
,
32
Igor (son of Iaroslav),
41
Ilarion, metropolitan of Kiev,
40
Ilminski, N.,
216
India,
51
,
160
,
188
,
189
,
205
,
208
,
216
,
222
,
269
,
278
,
314
,
315
,
317
,
326
Indian Ocean,
278
Ingria,
156
International Monetary Fund (IMF),
311
, Iran,
4
,
22
,
168
,
172
,
174
,
188
,
199
,
203
,
204
,
222
-
3
,
231
,
263
,
269
,
310
,
314
,
325
Irkeshtan Pass,
222
Irkutsk,
135
Irtysh river,
97
Isidor, Metropolitan of Moscow,
64
Islam,
93
-
4
,
113
,
178
,
179
,
199
,
203
,
216
,
217
,244,
307
,
309
,
313
,
317
Ismail,
188
Israel,
278
Istanbul,
93
;
see also
Byzantium; Constantinople
Istoma Maloi,
75
Italy, Italians,
190
,
255
,
261
,
264
Itelmens,
134
Itil,
37
Iurev-Polskii,
44
Iurii, Grand Duke,
54
Iurii, Prince of Vladimir,
45
Iurii (uncle of Vasilii II),
63
Ivan I (‘Money-Bag’, Grand Prince),
50
,
53
-
5
,
56
,
61
Ivan II, Grand Prince,
56
Ivan III (Ivan the Great),
66
,
243
,
320
; accession of,
68
; administration and diplomacy of,
70
,
74
-
8
; and apanage system,
69
,
70
,
79
-
80
; and the Church,
82
—
4
; marriage to Zoe,
70
—
1
; and military development,
70
,
78
-
81
; power/authority
of,
71
,
74
; as ‘Sovereign of all Russia’,
69
; success of,
68
—
9
,
70
; and territorial expansion,
69
-
74
Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible),
1
,
4
,
108
,
109
,
115
,
130
,
152
,
154
, T67,
320
,
321
; birth and accession,
89
-
90
; campaigns and conquests,
87
,
91
—
9
; controversy concerning,
88
-
9
; as first tsar,
87
; illness and death,
105
—
7
; imperialism of,
87
-
9
; interests and concerns,
90
-
1
; investiture of,
4
,
87
; marriages of,
89
; and
oprichnina,
99
-
104
,
105
-
6
,
108
; religious sensibilities,
90
Ivan (son of Ivan the Terrible),
114
Ivan (son of Tsar Alexis),
146
,
147
,
151
,
152
Ivan VI,
169
Ivangorod,
81
Iziaslav of Kiev (son of Iaroslav),
41
,
42
Izmailov, Lev,
159
James I and VI of England and Scotland,
124
Japan, Japanese,
226
,
230
-
1
,
233
,
244
,
253
,
254
,
257
,
259
,
261
,
266
,
313
,
315
Jaruszelski, General Wojciech,
284
Jefferson, Thomas,
197
Jews,
27
,
75
,
94
,
245
; hostility towards,
183
; in Lithuania,
219
; move to Israel,
273
; pogroms against,
139
; prominence of in Crimea,
181
; released from concentration camps,
264
; as traders,
22
Job, first Patriarch of Moscow,
120
John Paul II, Pope,
284
Jonah, Metropolitan and St,
66
Jones, John-Paul,
172
Joseph II, Emperor of Austria,
179
Jungarians,
174
Junkmann (mercenary colonel of dragoons),
137
Kabarda, Kabardinians,
92
-
4
,
113
,
145
,
191
,
272
kaganate (first Russian state)
see
Kievan
Rus Kalashnikov, Mikhail,
279
Kaliningrad, (Konigsberg)
261
,
317
,
324
Kalka river,
46