Six Wives (126 page)
Authors: David Starkey
the basic facts right. It is, as we have seen in the text, a tailor's bill which
was addressed to Catherine while she was still Lady Latimer. But, as she
seems to have been a late payer, it was only settled after she became
Queen, when payment was authorised by the signature of her
Chancellor, Sir Thomas Arundell. It does
not
therefore record gifts to
not
therefore record gifts to
Catherine by Henry. It does
not
mean that the King's relationship with
not
mean that the King's relationship with
her antedated her husband's death. And it does
not
show her taking pity
not
show her taking pity
on Princess Mary by providing her with clothes, as the (step)daughter
referred to is Margaret Neville not Mary Tudor. Nor, finally, does it
suggest that Catherine ever 'sought and obtained a position in Mary's
household as one of her ladies' (S.E. James,
Katheryn Parr: the Making of
Katheryn Parr: the Making of
a Queen
(Aldershot, 1999), p. 90).
(Aldershot, 1999), p. 90).
52.
Commons
III, pp. 297–301; Sudeley MS;
Letters of the Queens
, ed. Crawford, p. 222.
Commons
III, pp. 297–301; Sudeley MS;
Letters of the Queens
, ed. Crawford, p. 222.
Chapter 76
1. Sudeley MS;
Letters of the Queens
, ed. Crawford, p. 222.
Letters of the Queens
, ed. Crawford, p. 222.
2.
Commons
III, pp. 297–8;
LP
XVIII i, 42, 259 (p. 148), 288.
Commons
III, pp. 297–8;
LP
XVIII i, 42, 259 (p. 148), 288.
3.
Commons
III, p. 9; GEC VII, p. 483.
Commons
III, p. 9; GEC VII, p. 483.
4.
LP
XVIII i, 288, 491–2.
LP
XVIII i, 288, 491–2.
5.
LP
XVIII i, 468, 740.
LP
XVIII i, 468, 740.
6. PRO, OBS 1419;
LP
XVIII i, 675, 676, 740;
PPE Princess Mary
, p. 118.
LP
XVIII i, 675, 676, 740;
PPE Princess Mary
, p. 118.
7.
LP
XVIII i, 854, 873; Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 858.
LP
XVIII i, 854, 873; Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 858.
8.
LP
XVIII i, 873.
LP
XVIII i, 873.
9. Ibid., 894.
10. Ibid., 918.
11. Ibid., 919.
12.
CSP Sp
. VI ii (1542–1543), p. 444 (
LP
XVIII i, 954). My translation of the phrase 'être en chemise'.
CSP Sp
. VI ii (1542–1543), p. 444 (
LP
XVIII i, 954). My translation of the phrase 'être en chemise'.
13.
Original Letters
II, pp. 240 –1.
Original Letters
II, pp. 240 –1.
14.
Wriothesley's Chronicle
I, p. 143; PRO, OBS 1419;
HKW
IV, p. 44.
Wriothesley's Chronicle
I, p. 143; PRO, OBS 1419;
HKW
IV, p. 44.
15. PRO, OBS 1419;
Wriothesley's Chronicle
I, p. 145.
Wriothesley's Chronicle
I, p. 145.
16.
PPE Princess Mary
, p. 91.
PPE Princess Mary
, p. 91.
17.
CSP Sp
. VI ii (1544), p. 459 (
LP
XVIII ii, 39).
CSP Sp
. VI ii (1544), p. 459 (
LP
XVIII ii, 39).
18.
Wills from Doctors' Commons
, p. 14.
Wills from Doctors' Commons
, p. 14.
19.
PPE Princess Mary
, pp. 123– 4;
HKW
IV, pp. 43– 4, 47–8, 75–6.
PPE Princess Mary
, pp. 123– 4;
HKW
IV, pp. 43– 4, 47–8, 75–6.
20.
LP
XVIII ii, p. 501.
LP
XVIII ii, p. 501.
21. PRO, OBS 1419.
22. M. Levine,
Tudor Dynastic Problems, 1460 –1571
(London, 1973), pp. 155–6.
Tudor Dynastic Problems, 1460 –1571
(London, 1973), pp. 155–6.
23. Lehmberg,
Later Parliaments
, p. 194; 35 Hen. VIII, c. 1;
Statutes
III, pp. 955–8.
Later Parliaments
, p. 194; 35 Hen. VIII, c. 1;
Statutes
III, pp. 955–8.
24. Lehmberg,
Later Parliaments
, pp. 195–6; Foxe,
Acts
V, pp. 475–97.
Later Parliaments
, pp. 195–6; Foxe,
Acts
V, pp. 475–97.
25. Lehmberg,
Later Parliaments
, pp. 186 –8; 34 and 35 Hen. VIII, c. 1;
Statutes
III, pp. 894 –7.
Later Parliaments
, pp. 186 –8; 34 and 35 Hen. VIII, c. 1;
Statutes
III, pp. 894 –7.
26. Lehmberg,
Later Parliaments
, pp. 184 –5; MacCulloch,
Cranmer
, pp. 311–13, 313.
Later Parliaments
, pp. 184 –5; MacCulloch,
Cranmer
, pp. 311–13, 313.
27. Foxe,
Acts
V, pp. 473– 4.
Acts
V, pp. 473– 4.
28.
APC
I, pp. 96 –8;
Commons
II, pp. 366 –7; III, pp. 383, 571.
APC
I, pp. 96 –8;
Commons
II, pp. 366 –7; III, pp. 383, 571.
29.
LP
XVIII ii, 546/xix.i (p. 324).
LP
XVIII ii, 546/xix.i (p. 324).
30.
APC
I, pp. 150 –1.
APC
I, pp. 150 –1.
31. PRO, OBS 1419;
Narratives of the Reformation
, ed. Nichols, p. 352. MacCulloch's identification of other supposed royal visits to Westminster in this period (
Cranmer
, p. 315) is based on a misunderstanding of the procedures of the Great Seal.
Narratives of the Reformation
, ed. Nichols, p. 352. MacCulloch's identification of other supposed royal visits to Westminster in this period (
Cranmer
, p. 315) is based on a misunderstanding of the procedures of the Great Seal.
32. Foxe,
Acts
V, pp. 490 –97.
Acts
V, pp. 490 –97.
33. PRO, OBS 1419;
Commons
I, p. 599; Foxe,
Acts
V, p. 494.
Commons
I, p. 599; Foxe,
Acts
V, p. 494.
34. Foxe,
Acts
V, p. 495.
Acts
V, p. 495.
35. Ibid.;
LP
XVIII ii, g. 241 (6).
LP
XVIII ii, g. 241 (6).
36. Foxe,
Acts
VIII, p. 33– 4; MacCulloch,
Cranmer
, pp. 302–5, 308, 311,
Acts
VIII, p. 33– 4; MacCulloch,
Cranmer
, pp. 302–5, 308, 311,
314 –17, 319–20.
37. Foxe,
Acts
VIII, p. 29; MacCulloch,
Cranmer
, pp. 317–18;
Commons
II, pp. 513–15.
Acts
VIII, p. 29; MacCulloch,
Cranmer
, pp. 317–18;
Commons
II, pp. 513–15.
38.
LP
XVIII ii, 546 (p. 370).
LP
XVIII ii, 546 (p. 370).
39. Foxe,
Acts
V, p. 496.
Acts
V, p. 496.
40.
LP
XVIII ii, 504, 526; PRO, OBS 1419; MacCulloch,
Cranmer
, pp. 250,
LP
XVIII ii, 504, 526; PRO, OBS 1419; MacCulloch,
Cranmer
, pp. 250,
320 –1. Cranmer's summons to Court has not been noted in the attempt to date Foxe's story. It seems to be crucial, as does the evidence of the presence at Court of Norfolk and Russell, who figure prominently in Foxe and Morice's narratives.
41. Foxe,
Acts
VIII, p. 25;
Narratives of the Reformation
, p. 354 –8. MacCulloch,
Cranmer
, pp. 320 –1 offers a dating for this incident which Henry's itinerary makes impossible.
Acts
VIII, p. 25;
Narratives of the Reformation
, p. 354 –8. MacCulloch,
Cranmer
, pp. 320 –1 offers a dating for this incident which Henry's itinerary makes impossible.
42. Foxe,
Acts
VIII, pp. 30 –1. Lehmberg,
Later Parliaments
, pp. 196, 198; 35 Hen. VIII, cc. 5, 12, 18;
Statutes
III, pp. 960 –2, 970 –1, 981.
Acts
VIII, pp. 30 –1. Lehmberg,
Later Parliaments
, pp. 196, 198; 35 Hen. VIII, cc. 5, 12, 18;
Statutes
III, pp. 960 –2, 970 –1, 981.
43. Emden,
Biographical Register . . . Oxford 1501–1540
, p. 90; MacCulloch,
Cranmer
, p. 320;
Narratives of the Reformation
, ed. Nichols, pp. 254 –8.
Biographical Register . . . Oxford 1501–1540
, p. 90; MacCulloch,
Cranmer
, p. 320;
Narratives of the Reformation
, ed. Nichols, pp. 254 –8.
44. PRO, OBS 1419;
LP
XVIII ii, 516.
LP
XVIII ii, 516.
45. Siddons,
Heraldic Badges
(forthcoming);
LP
XVIII i, 918.
Heraldic Badges
(forthcoming);
LP
XVIII i, 918.
Chapter 77
1. Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 859.
Chronicle
, p. 859.
2.
LP
XIX I, 7, 9; 'Narrative of the Visit of the Duke of Najera to England, in the Year 1543– 4; Written by his Secretary, Pedro de Gente', ed. F. Madden,
Archaeologia
23 (1831), pp. 350 –1.
LP
XIX I, 7, 9; 'Narrative of the Visit of the Duke of Najera to England, in the Year 1543– 4; Written by his Secretary, Pedro de Gente', ed. F. Madden,
Archaeologia
23 (1831), pp. 350 –1.
3.
CSP Sp
. VII (1544), p. 55 (
LP
XIX i, 118).
CSP Sp
. VII (1544), p. 55 (
LP
XIX i, 118).
4. 'Visit of the Duke of Najera', ed. Madden, pp. 352–3; P. Holman,
Four
and Twenty Fiddlers: The Violin at the English Court, 1540 –1690
(Oxford, 1993), pp. 78–80; S.E. James, 'Lady Jane Grey or Kateryn Parr?',
Burlington Magazine
108 (1996), p. 204.
Four
and Twenty Fiddlers: The Violin at the English Court, 1540 –1690
(Oxford, 1993), pp. 78–80; S.E. James, 'Lady Jane Grey or Kateryn Parr?',
Burlington Magazine
108 (1996), p. 204.
5.
LP
XIX i, 323;
St. P.
IX, p. 661 (
LP
XIX i, 392);
CSP Sp
. VII (1544), p. 182 (
LP
XIX i, 591).
LP
XIX i, 323;
St. P.
IX, p. 661 (
LP
XIX i, 392);
CSP Sp
. VII (1544), p. 182 (
LP
XIX i, 591).
6.
LP
XIX i, 620/ii.
LP
XIX i, 620/ii.
7. M. Merriman,
The Rough Wooings: Mary, Queen of Scots, 1542–1551
(East Linton, 2000), pp. 77, 81, 83.
The Rough Wooings: Mary, Queen of Scots, 1542–1551
(East Linton, 2000), pp. 77, 81, 83.
8. Merriman,
Rough Wooings
, pp. 111–13, 118–21.
Rough Wooings
, pp. 111–13, 118–21.
9. Ibid., pp. 116 –18, 144 –9.
10. GEC VII, pp. 597–8; Merriman,
Rough Wooings
, pp. 48–9, 89, 97, 100,
Rough Wooings
, pp. 48–9, 89, 97, 100,
103.
11.
CSP Sp
. VII (1544), p. 266 (
LP
XIX i, 730); GEC VII, p. 599 notes b and c.
CSP Sp
. VII (1544), p. 266 (
LP
XIX i, 730); GEC VII, p. 599 notes b and c.
12.
LP
XIX i, 779 (pp. 476 –7).
LP
XIX i, 779 (pp. 476 –7).
13.
LP
XVI, 1333.
LP
XVI, 1333.
14.
LP
XIX i, 779; G. Donaldson,
Scotland: James V to James VII
(Edinburgh, 1965), p. 76; Merriman,
Rough Wooings
, pp. 141–2.
LP
XIX i, 779; G. Donaldson,
Scotland: James V to James VII
(Edinburgh, 1965), p. 76; Merriman,
Rough Wooings
, pp. 141–2.
15.
LP
XIX, i, 780;
HMC Rutland
I, p. 30.
LP
XIX, i, 780;
HMC Rutland
I, p. 30.
16.
CSP Sp
. VII (1544), p. 244 (
LP
XIX i, 799).
CSP Sp
. VII (1544), p. 244 (
LP
XIX i, 799).
17.
St. P.
I, pp. 763–5 (
LP
XIX i, 864).
St. P.
I, pp. 763–5 (
LP
XIX i, 864).
18.
St. P.
I, p. 764 (
LP
XIX i, 864); Thurley,
Royal Palaces
, p. 80;
The Chronicle
and Political Papers of King Edward VI
, ed. W.K. Jordan (London, 1966), p.
St. P.
I, p. 764 (
LP
XIX i, 864); Thurley,
Royal Palaces
, p. 80;
The Chronicle
and Political Papers of King Edward VI
, ed. W.K. Jordan (London, 1966), p.
3.
19.
LP
XIX ii, 424.
LP
XIX ii, 424.
20. Strype,
Ecclesiastical Memorials
VI, pp. 312–13 (
LP
XIX i, 1029).
Ecclesiastical Memorials
VI, pp. 312–13 (
LP
XIX i, 1029).
21.
LP
XIX i, 943, 954.
LP
XIX i, 943, 954.
22.
LP
XIX i, 1020;
Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies
, ed. Wood, pp. 176 –7; M. Perry,
The Word of a Prince: a Life of Elizabeth I from Contemporary
Sources
(Woodbridge, 1990), pp. 30 –1.
LP
XIX i, 1020;
Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies
, ed. Wood, pp. 176 –7; M. Perry,
The Word of a Prince: a Life of Elizabeth I from Contemporary
Sources
(Woodbridge, 1990), pp. 30 –1.
23.
LP
XIX ii, 4.
LP
XIX ii, 4.
24.
LP
XIX i, 979, 980;
Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies
, ed. Wood, III, p.
LP
XIX i, 979, 980;
Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies
, ed. Wood, III, p.
172 (
LP
XIX i, 980).
LP
XIX i, 980).
25.
St. P.
X, pp. 12–14 (
LP
XIX i, 979).
St. P.
X, pp. 12–14 (
LP
XIX i, 979).
26.
St. P.
X, pp. 12–14 (
LP
XIX i, 979);
LP
XIX ii, 424.
St. P.
X, pp. 12–14 (
LP
XIX i, 979);
LP
XIX ii, 424.
27. Strickland,
Lives of the Queens
III, p. 216.
Lives of the Queens
III, p. 216.
28.
St. P.
X, pp. 12–14 (
LP
XIX i, 979).
St. P.
X, pp. 12–14 (
LP
XIX i, 979).
29.
Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies
, ed. Wood, III, 173– 4 (
LP
XIX i, 1019).
Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies
, ed. Wood, III, 173– 4 (
LP
XIX i, 1019).
30.
St. P.
X, p. 23 (
LP
XIX ii, 35).
St. P.
X, p. 23 (
LP
XIX ii, 35).
31.
St. P.
X, pp. 28–9 (
LP
XIX ii, 39).
St. P.
X, pp. 28–9 (
LP
XIX ii, 39).
32.
St. P.
V, p. 396 (
LP
XIX ii, 48);
LP
XIX ii, 58.
St. P.
V, p. 396 (
LP
XIX ii, 48);
LP
XIX ii, 58.
33.
LP
XIX ii, 174.
LP
XIX ii, 174.
34. Ibid., 688 (p. 406).
35.
Letters of King Henry VIII
, ed. Byrne, pp. 365–7 (
LP
XIX ii, 201).
Letters of King Henry VIII
, ed. Byrne, pp. 365–7 (
LP
XIX ii, 201).
36. GEC XI, p. 255;
Commons
I, pp. 400 –3.
Commons
I, pp. 400 –3.
37.
Commons
I, p. 337; III, pp. 60, 501, 539.
Commons
I, p. 337; III, pp. 60, 501, 539.
38.
Commons
II, p. 491; III, pp. 501–2.
Commons
II, p. 491; III, pp. 501–2.
39.
The House of Commons 1558–1603
, ed. P. W. Hasler, 3 vols. (1981) II, pp. 201–2;
LP
XVII ii, 531.
The House of Commons 1558–1603
, ed. P. W. Hasler, 3 vols. (1981) II, pp. 201–2;
LP
XVII ii, 531.
40.
Letters of King Henry VIII
, ed. Byrne, p. 368 (
LP
XIX ii, 201).
Letters of King Henry VIII
, ed. Byrne, p. 368 (
LP
XIX ii, 201).
41.
St. P.
X, p. 69 (
LP
XIX ii, 228);
LP
XIX ii, 251.
St. P.
X, p. 69 (
LP
XIX ii, 228);
LP
XIX ii, 251.
42. Lodge,
Illustrations
I, pp. 55–6 (
LP
XIX ii, 251).
Illustrations
I, pp. 55–6 (
LP
XIX ii, 251).
43.
St. P.
I, p. 768; X, pp. 82–3 (
LP
XIX ii, 292, 280).
St. P.
I, p. 768; X, pp. 82–3 (
LP
XIX ii, 292, 280).
44.
LP
XIX ii, 424 (p. 242), 688 (p. 407);
Wriothesley's Chronicle
I, p. 149.
LP
XIX ii, 424 (p. 242), 688 (p. 407);
Wriothesley's Chronicle
I, p. 149.
Chapter 78
1. M. Shell,
Elizabeth's Glass
(Lincoln and London, 1993); J.K.M. McConica,
English Humanists and Reformation Politics under Henry VIII and
Edward VI
(Oxford, 1965), p. 231.
Elizabeth's Glass
(Lincoln and London, 1993); J.K.M. McConica,
English Humanists and Reformation Politics under Henry VIII and
Edward VI
(Oxford, 1965), p. 231.
2. Perry,
Word of a Prince
, pp. 31–35.
Word of a Prince
, pp. 31–35.
3. McConica,
English Humanists
, p. 228.
English Humanists
, p. 228.
4. Ibid., pp. 230, 236 –7, 241–2.
5. Ibid., pp. 231–2; Dowling,
Humanism
, pp. 236 –7.
Humanism
, pp. 236 –7.
6.
Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies
, ed. Wood, III, pp. 181–2;
Letters of the
Queens
, ed. Crawford, p. 219.
Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies
, ed. Wood, III, pp. 181–2;
Letters of the
Queens
, ed. Crawford, p. 219.
7.
St. P.
I, p. 840 (
LP
XX ii, 769).
St. P.
I, p. 840 (
LP
XX ii, 769).
8.
Commons
I, p. 579;
LP
XX ii, 995 (p. 490), 1030; XXI i, 643, p. 318 (fo. 85).
Commons
I, p. 579;
LP
XX ii, 995 (p. 490), 1030; XXI i, 643, p. 318 (fo. 85).
9. Scarisbrick,
Henry VIII
, p. 472; Foxe,
Acts
V, p. 562.
Henry VIII
, p. 472; Foxe,
Acts
V, p. 562.
10. Muller,
Stephen Gardiner
, pp. 118–19, 135.
Stephen Gardiner
, pp. 118–19, 135.
11. Perry,
Word of a Prince
, pp. 45–6.
Word of a Prince
, pp. 45–6.
12.
Letters of King Henry VIII
, ed. Byrne, pp. 418–22.
Letters of King Henry VIII
, ed. Byrne, pp. 418–22.
13.
LP
XX ii, 1030.
LP
XX ii, 1030.
14. Ibid.
15. Strype,
Ecclesiatical Memorials
VI, pp. 318–20;
LP
XXI i, 279/2.
Ecclesiatical Memorials
VI, pp. 318–20;
LP
XXI i, 279/2.
16.
CSP Sp
. VIII (1545–6), pp. 111, 232, 310, 318 (
LP
XXI i, 289).
CSP Sp
. VIII (1545–6), pp. 111, 232, 310, 318 (
LP
XXI i, 289).
17. Foxe,
Acts
V, pp. 553–61; G. Redworth,
In Defences of the Church Catholic:
The Life of Stephen Gardiner
(Oxford, 1990), pp. 233– 4.
Acts
V, pp. 553–61; G. Redworth,
In Defences of the Church Catholic:
The Life of Stephen Gardiner
(Oxford, 1990), pp. 233– 4.
18. Foxe,
Acts
V, pp. 553– 4.
Acts
V, pp. 553– 4.
19. PRO, OBS 1419; Foxe,
Acts
V, pp. 554 –7.
Acts
V, pp. 554 –7.
20. Foxe,
Acts
V, pp. 557–8.
Acts
V, pp. 557–8.
21.
LP
XX ii, g. 910(55), 995 (p. 493);
APC
I p. 470 –1.
LP
XX ii, g. 910(55), 995 (p. 493);
APC
I p. 470 –1.
22. PRO, E 315/161, fos. 22–34;
LP
XVII, g. 1154(49); XX i, 650(70); XXI ii, 331(71), g. 332(73);
CSP Sp
. VIII (1545), pp. 130, 163.
LP
XVII, g. 1154(49); XX i, 650(70); XXI ii, 331(71), g. 332(73);
CSP Sp
. VIII (1545), pp. 130, 163.
23. Foxe,
Acts
V, pp. 558–60.
Acts
V, pp. 558–60.
24. Foxe,
Acts
V, pp. 560 –1.
Acts
V, pp. 560 –1.
25.
CSP Sp
. VIII (1545–1546), p. 535; XXI ii, 684; H. Miller, 'Henry VIII's Unwritten Will: Grants of Lands and Honours in 1547', in Ives, Knecht and Scarisbrick, eds.,
Wealth and Power
, pp. 87–105; Sessions,
Henry
Howard
, ch. 15.
CSP Sp
. VIII (1545–1546), p. 535; XXI ii, 684; H. Miller, 'Henry VIII's Unwritten Will: Grants of Lands and Honours in 1547', in Ives, Knecht and Scarisbrick, eds.,
Wealth and Power
, pp. 87–105; Sessions,
Henry
Howard
, ch. 15.
26. PRO, E101/424/12, fo. 76; Starkey,
Elizabeth
, pp. 63– 4.
Elizabeth
, pp. 63– 4.
27. Starkey,
Elizabeth
, pp. 67, 69–71.
Elizabeth
, pp. 67, 69–71.
About the Author
DAVID STARKEY
is the Bye Fellow of Fitzwilliam College,
Cambridge, and the author of
Elizabeth: The Struggle for the
Throne
. A winner of the W. H. Smith Prize and the Norton
Medlicott Medal for Services to History presented by
Britain's Historical Association, Mr. Starkey lives in
London.
is the Bye Fellow of Fitzwilliam College,
Cambridge, and the author of
Elizabeth: The Struggle for the
Throne
. A winner of the W. H. Smith Prize and the Norton
Medlicott Medal for Services to History presented by
Britain's Historical Association, Mr. Starkey lives in
London.
Visit
www.AuthorTracker.com
for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins author.
By, or edited by, the same author
This Land of England
The Reign of Henry VIII: Personalities and Politics
Revolution Reassessed: Revisions in the History of
Tudor Government and Administration
The English Court from the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War
Rivals in Power: The Lives and Letters of the Great Tudor Dynasties
Henry VIII: A European Court in England
The Inventory of King Henry VIII
Elizabeth: The Struggle for the Throne
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