The Everlasting Empire (69 page)

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Authors: Yuri Pines

Tags: #General, #History, #Ancient, #Political Science, #Asia, #History & Theory, #China

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Sacred Edict, the, 129

sage, 50; First Emperor as, 54–55; monarch as, 32–33, 45, 51–53, 68, 72, 85, 93, 98–100

sangha
, 61

Scheidel, Walter, 186n15

Second Emperor of Qin (

, r. 209–207 BCE),
55
, 86

sects, 146–148, 151–152, 158, 193n33, 203–4n32.
See also
“millenarian rebels”

“seed people” (
zhong min
), 147

Shambaugh, David, 164

Shang (

, ca. 1600–1046 BCE), 12, 4647, 50, 57, 137, 140, 187n2, 192n5, 202n5

Shang Yang (

, d. 338 BCE), 18, 132, 138

Shanxi Province, 11, 164

Shatuo (

) Turks, 28

Shen Yue (

, 441–513), 42

shi (

), 126, 142, 196n19; and Confucius, 78–80, 82–83; definition of, 76, 196n2; economic status of, 107, 199n6; as elite designation, 77–78; and government service, 80–85; ideological leadership of, 80–82; identity of, 78–79; as intellectuals, 16, 76–77; as lower nobility, 78; as an open stratum, 79–80; pride of, 7985; public-mindedness of, 76–77, 7980; rise of, 78–81; and the rulers, 8285; subjugation of, 85–88.
See also
intellectuals; literati, “superior men”

Shusun Tong (

, fl. 210–190 BCE), 158

Sichuan Province, 11, 31, 157

Sima Guang (

, 1019–1086), 40, 57, 59, 116, 193n30. See also
The Comprehensive Mirror to Aid the Government

Sima Qian (

, ca. 145–90 BCE), 149, 197n46, 199n9

“Sinicization,”
69, 75
, 195n60

“sixteen prefectures,” 38–40

“Son of Heaven” (
tianzi
), 17, 19–20, 29, 35, 39, 44, 51, 56–57,
59
, 81, 187n4

Song dynasty (

, 960–1279), 132, 155; demise of, 41, 191n75; emperor’s power in,
65
, 71, 194n51; examinations in, 87, 92, 113–114, 199–200n22; foreign relations in, 39–41, 190n71, 191n74; and intellectuals, 40, 76, 91–93, 101, 200n24; and lineage activism, 118, 121, 200n35, 201n59; local elites in, 113119, 198–99n1; and reforms, 113–117, 120; unification by, 28, 31, 39.
See also
Neo-Confucianism; Northern Song dynasty; Southern Song dynasty; Wang Anshi; Zhu Xi

Southern Song dynasty (