Authors: Yuri Pines

Tags: #General, #History, #Ancient, #Political Science, #Asia, #History & Theory, #China

The Everlasting Empire (65 page)

BOOK: The Everlasting Empire

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Kaifeng, 39, 190n69

Kang Youwei (

, 1858–1927), 144

Kangxi Emperor (

, r. 1661–1722), 36,
65
, 71–72, 194n52, 202n72

khan, 69–71.
See also
Chinggis Khan; Khubilai Khan

Khitans, 38–39, 144, 188n41, 190n60.
See also
Liao dynasty

Khubilai Khan (r. 1260–1294), 41, 70, 195n61, 195n62

kings: regional, 18, 28–31, 43, 187n4; Shang, 46; Zhou, 12–13, 21, 47.
See also
emperor; monarch; “Son of Heaven”

Knapp, Keith, 201n59

Kong Jia (

, d. 208 BCE), 158

Korea, 35

Kuhn, Philip, 135, 205n60

Kuomintang, KMT.
See
Guomindang

laissez-faire policy, 16, 108–109

land, 62, 124, 154; accumulation of, 108, 110, 122, 144; land/man ratio, 149, 162; loss of by the peasants, 144, 149; market for, 107–108, 110; private ownership of, 194n45; reclamation of, 160; taxation of, 110, 122

land reform, 62–63, 123–124; under the Communists, 178–179, 206n27.
See also
“equal feld” system

Later Han dynasty (

, 25–220 CE), 110–111, 201n59.
See also
Han dynasty

Later Liang dynasty (

, 907–923), 28

Later Shu, regional kingdom (

, 934
965
), 31

Later Tang dynasty (

, 923–936), 28, 189n44

Later Zhou dynasty (

, 951–960), 30–31

Laozi
(

), 17, 141, 191n80

“The Learning of the True Way” (
Daoxue

), 92.
See also
Neo-Confucianism

Lee Teng-hui (Li Denghui

, b. 1923), President, Republic of China on Taiwan (r. 1996–2000), 167

legitimacy: of alien rulers, 36–37, 41; of the Communist Party, 167, 181; cultural, 102, 188n39; of the First Emperor, 20–21; of emperors, 27–28, 30, 58, 68, 136, 140, 156, 188n39; legitimation defined, 188n39; of local potentates, 27; of multistate system, 13–14; and the people’s support, 139, 158–159; of rebellions, 50, 134–136, 139–141, 144–145, 154, 159, 204n36; of republican rulers, 168; and unification of the realm, 19–20, 31–32, 39–40, 42, 167, 170, 181; of universal empire, 4, 17, 49–50, 102, 130, 163; of violence, 156; of Zhou dynasty, 12–13.
See also
Heaven’s Decree

Leninism, 164, 181

lèse-majesté, 60, 94, 98

Levenson, Joseph (1920–1969), 164

Lewis, Mark E., 48

Li Cunxu (