The Making of African America (47 page)

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Authors: Ira Berlin

BOOK: The Making of African America
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Howard, Charles
Howard, O. O.
Hudibras
Hughes, Langston
Hunter-Gault, Charlayne
Hurt, John
Hymnal
(Allen)
Ice-T
identity/self-identity
for African immigrants
incorporation of past into
language and
markers of
national
Obama and
stripping of slaves'
visible marks of
imagined communities
immigrants.
See
migrants/immigrants
immigration.
See
migration/ immigration
Immigration and Nationality Act as ignored by blacks
incarceration
indigo
industrial work/workers women as
In My Place
(Hunter-Gault)
inner city.
See
ghetto/inner city
interior, passage to
age and sex balance distorted by
bonds forged during
conditions during
effect on South
escapes during
families destroyed through
length of journey
maintain ties, efforts to
moment of departure
mortality rate
numbers involved in
preparations for
reasons for
revolts during
scattering of black people through
slaves' attempts to fight against
slave traders' role in.
See also
slave trade, U.S.
sudden termination of
third migration compared with
transatlantic passage and, comparison between
transportation, means of
trauma of
youth of deportees
interior, U.S.
arrival in
black depopulation of. See third migration
blacks' settlement and mastery of
passage to.
See
interior, passage to
internal slave trade.
See
slave trade, U.S.
Invisible Man
(Ellison)
Jackson, Mahalia
Jamaica/Jamaicans
Jamhuri Day
jazz
Jazz
(Morrison)
Jefferson, Thomas
Jim Crow
Johnson, Andrew
Johnson, Charles
Johnson, Lyndon
Johnson, Robert
Johnson-Reed Act
Jollas
Jolson, A1
Kallen, Horace
Kamus, Abdulaziz
Kansas
Kennedy, Edward
Kentucky
immobility of black population in
movement of slaves from
Kenya/Kenyans
Keyes, Alan
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
birthday as national holiday
King, Riley “B.B.”
Kirkpatrick, Joe
Kongo
Korea
labor shortages
World War I
World War II
labor/workers
capitalism's need for
convict
ladinos
land
blacks' as tied to
free blacks' sense of ownership toward
reform
in Southern interior
landowners, black
language(s)
African nationality and
identity and
new
slaves' multiple
transnational
Latin American immigrants
Lawrence, Jacob
laws and legislation.
See also specific
laws and legislation
immigration
immobilization of blacks by
slave
white supremacist
legislatures, planter-controlled
Levine, Lawrence
Lewis, Furry
Liberia/Liberians
Liberian Independence Day Parade
Liele, George
Lillis, Harry
Lincoln, Abraham
literacy, black
literature, migrants in
LL Cool J
Locke, Alain
London
Lorre, Ben
Los Angeles
Louisiana
movement of blacks from
movement of slaves from
movement of slaves to
slave laws in
low country.
See
Georgia; South Carolina
Loyal Blacks
Afro-Christianity and
descendants of
rights as important to
whites on
McClennan, Tommy
McCoy, Joe
Mandela, Nelson
manumission.
See also
freedom/ emancipation
in Africa
in Europe
March on Washington Movement
Marsalis, Wynton
Martin, Roberta
Maryland
movement of slaves from
number of slaves in
slave laws in
slave population of
masters.
See
slaveholders
MCing
melting pot
Memphis Minnie
Miami
middle class blacks
Middle East
Middle Passage
conditions during
fear as omnipresent during
length of
new languages of
second.
See
interior, passage to
shipboard rebellions
symbolism of
variety of experience in
migrants/immigrants.
See also specific groups
black.
See
African descent, immigrants of
enslaved Africans as
illegal
in literature
motivations of
in music
names stripped from
as nationals
Northern.
See
Northern migrants
numbers of
past divested by
migration/immigration
African American. See migrations, African American
Asian
effect on white America
European
European and African American, relation between
forced vs. free
interrelatedness of
Latin American
laws
as master narrative of U.S. history
nativist policies
quotas
as ubiquitous in world history
migrations, African American
to Africa
from Alabama
to Alabama
to Arkansas
as backbone of black history
bonds created by
cultural reformation through
differences among
first. See transatlantic passage
to Florida
forced vs. free
fourth.
See
fourth migration
by free blacks
offree blacks
from Georgia
idealization of past in
interior, passage to. See interior, passage to
to Kansas
from Kentucky
from Louisiana
to Louisiana
from Maryland
meaning of blackness affected by
to Mississippi
new polarities following
to the North.
See also
third migration
from North Carolina
places of origin of
post-revolutionary
rate of
as refashioning of consciousness
reverse flows
seamless incorporation of
second. See interior, passage to
significance to study of African American life
from South Carolina
from Tennessee
to Tennessee
to Texas
third.
See
third migration
from Virginia
to the West
Miles, Lizzie
military service
freedom through
in World War II
Miller, Kelly
Minas
Mississippi
immobility of black population in
movement of free blacks to
movement of slaves to
slave laws in
slave population of
third migration, effect on
“Mississippi Road Trip”
mixed farming
Montserrat
Morocco
Morrison, Toni
Morton, Jelly Roll
Motown
movement.
See also
migration/ immigration
as constant in slaves' and planters' lives
importance to blacks
in music
place and, tension between. See contrapuntal narrative
in U.S. history
MTV
Murphy, Eddie
music
blues
call-and-response
commercial market for
contrapuntal narrative and
of fourth migration
gospel
hip-hop
interior passage, effect on
jazz
migrants in
movement in
place in
post-Civil War
religious
rhythm and blues
rock and roll
slaves'
on slave ships
spiritual
third migration and
urban blues
whites as audience for
Myrdal, Gunnar
NAACP.
See
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
names
free blacks'
slaves'
Narrative
(Douglass)
narrative(s)
contrapuntal
linear
master
slavery-to-freedom
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Native Americans, as market for slaves' produce
Native Son
(Wright)
nativist policies
Nat Turner rebellion
Negro History Week
New Deal
New Negroes
New Orleans
newspapers, black.
See also specific papers
New York
Nicaragua
Nigerian Festival
Nigeria/Nigerians
Nixon, Richard
nonslaveholders
North, the
arrival in
black elite in.
See
elite blacks/Old Settlers
employment opportunities in
great migration to. See third migration
movement of free blacks to
professional class in
racism of
South and, connection between
South and, difference between
North Carolina
immobility of black population in
movement of slaves from
Northern blacks.
See also
Northern migrants
black Southerners compared to
church membership of
institutions of
numbers of
Northern Cities.
See also
ghetto/inner city
attachment to
black ownership of
black political power in
residential segregation in
structural decay of
youthfulness of
Northern migrants
age of
character of
civil rights sought by
deindustrialization's effect on
educational attainment of
elite blacks and, relationship between
food of
information sources for
institutional aids to
locations of
neighborhoods of.
See
ghetto/inner city
political affiliations of
poverty of
racial subordination of
sex of
uncertainties of
Northern migration.
See
third migration
Nova Scotia
N.W.A.
Oak and Ivy Club
Oakland
Obama, Barack
African immigrants and
blackness of
identity and
speech on race
occupations
Odom, Helen
Old Settlers.
See
elite blacks/Old Settlers
Olmsted, Frederick Law
one-drop rule
Organization for the Advancement of Nigerians
Panama Canal
Panic of 1837
Parks, Gordon
past, the
as denied to blacks
idealization of
as impossible to recoup
weight of
Perkins, Maria
Peters, Thomas
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
place.
See also
land
diasporas as rooting people in
free blacks' attachment to
importance of
in music
segregation's effect on
sharecropping as tying blacks to
slaves' attachment to
as social imperative
special meaning of
plantation(s).
See also specific crops
blacks' abandonment of
boundaries of
changing requirements of
decline of
expansion of
mechanization of
slavery
stability of
planters.
See also
slaveholders
black belt
legislatures controlled by
postbellum
third migration fought by
political asylum
political office, blacks in
political power, black
Portugal
poverty
of African immigrants
offreeblacks
inner city
of Northern migrants
of Southern blacks
Powell, Julie

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