The People's Tycoon: Henry Ford and the American Century (Vintage) (106 page)

12.
See Nevins,
Ford: Times, Man, Company,
pp. 143–54; King is quoted on p. 145. See also Olson,
Young Henry Ford,
pp. 60–61.

13.
Strauss, “Reminiscences,” pp. 16–17.

14.
Oliver Barthel, “Reminiscences,” p. 48; Olson,
Young Henry Ford,
pp. 71–72.

15.
HF's 1904 testimony in the Selden patent lawsuit is excerpted in Nevins,
Ford: Times, Man, Company,
p. 155; Margaret Ford Ruddiman's comments appear in her “Memories of My Brother, Henry Ford,”
Michigan History,
Sept. 1953, p. 266.

16.
HF,
My Life and Work,
pp. 30–31, describes the Quadricycle, and several photos of it have been reprinted in Olson,
Young Henry Ford,
pp. 76, 79.

17.
Detroit
Free Press
and Detroit
Journal,
March 7, 1896; Olson,
Young Henry Ford,
pp. 72–73; Nevins,
Ford: Times, Man, Company,
pp. 148–49; Barthel, “Reminiscences,” p. 26.

18.
See Simonds,
Ford: Life, Work, Genius,
pp. 52–54, for HF's firsthand account of the first trial run of his Quadricycle and the subsequent encounter with William Wreford.

19.
HF and Samuel Crowther, “The Greatest American,”
Cosmopolitan,
July 1930, pp. 36–38. HF offered a similar account of this meeting in
My Life and Work,
pp. 234–35, and to Simonds,
Ford: Life, Work, Genius,
pp. 17–18.

20.
For a shrewd analysis of Edison's achievements and image in this period, see Alan Trachtenberg,
The Incorporation of America: Culture and Society in the Gilded Age
(New York, 1982), pp. 65–68. See also Neil Baldwin,
Edison: Inventing the Century
(New York, 1995).

21.
HF and Crowther, “Greatest American,” pp. 187, 39. This was the first installment in a three-part series of articles on Edison authored by Ford with the assistance of Crowther. The other articles in
Cosmopolitan
were entitled “Edison's Life Story” (Aug. 1930) and “The Habits Which Make Edison the Greatest American” (Sept. 1930). These articles contain the fullest record of Ford's reflections on Edison's significance. Another useful piece in which Ford is quoted at length is F. D. McHugh, “Ford's Friend Edison,”
Scientific American,
Nov. 1929, pp. 377–80.

22.
HF and Crowther, “Greatest American,” p. 193; HF and Crowther, “Habits,” p. 54.

23.
HF and Crowther, “Greatest American,” p. 187.

24.
Ibid., pp. 188, 189, 191.

25.
Ibid., pp. 38–39.

26.
Ibid., pp. 187–88.

27.
HF and Crowther, “Habits,” p. 208; HF and Crowther, “Greatest American,” pp. 39, 187.

28.
HF,
My Life and Work,
p. 33.

29.
James J. Flink,
The Car Culture
(Cambridge, Mass., 1975), pp. 11–15.

30.
HF,
My Life and Work,
p. 33.

31.
Ibid.; Olson,
Young Henry Ford,
pp. 93–96; David Bell, “Reminiscences,” pp. 8–10.

32.
“Fairlane Papers,” p. 11, in box 118, FA; Bush and Sintz, “Interview,” p. 44.

33.
Ford's “second car” now sits in the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn; photographs of the car and its engine appear in Olson,
Young Henry Ford,
p. 97.

34.
Ruddiman, “Memories of My Brother,” pp. 267–68.

35.
This letter is in FA, and it has been reproduced in Olson,
Young Henry Ford,
p. 98.

1.
The story of this trip is related by Murphy's son-in-law, J. Bell Moran, in his book
The Moran Family: 200 Years in Detroit
(Detroit, 1949), p. 126. Moran apparently had in his possession Murphy's log of that trip. Allan Nevins,
Ford: The Times, the Man, the Company
(New York, 1954), p. 174, identified the July time frame for the Ford-Murphy expedition.

2.
See Sidney Olson,
Young Henry Ford: A Pictorial History of the First Forty Years
(Detroit, 1997 [1963]), pp. 61, 90, 111–12, 114–15, for a discussion of Ford's relationship with Peck and Maybury in this period.

3.
Ibid., p. 103; Nevins,
Ford: Times, Man, Company,
quote on p. 171.

4.
“Ford's Automobile Has New Features and Is a Novel Machine,” Detroit
Journal,
July 29, 1899.

5.
Olson,
Young Henry Ford,
pp. 107–15, did a great deal of historical detective work in uncovering information about these prosperous Detroit backers of Ford's earliest manufacturing venture.

6.
For information on William H. Murphy's life, see the biographical entry in Clarence M. Burton and M. Agnes Burton, eds.,
History of Wayne County and the City of Detroit, Michigan
(Detroit, 1930), pp. 54–59; Moran,
Moran Family,
pp. 78–79; Olson,
Young Henry Ford,
pp. 116–17.

7.
HF,
My Life and Work
(Garden City, N.Y., 1922), pp. 34–35.

8.
William A. Simonds,
Henry Ford: His Life, His Work, His Genius
(New York. 1943), quote on p. 61; Allan L. Benson,
The New Henry Ford
(New York, 1923), pp. 61–62.

9.
Detroit
Free Press,
Aug. 19, 1899; see also Nevins,
Ford: Times, Man, Company,
p. 177.

10.
“First Automobile of the Detroit Co. Ready Tomorrow,” Detroit
Journal,
Jan. 12, 1900; “Swifter Than a Race-Horse It Flew over the Icy Streets,” Detroit
News-Tribune,
Feb. 4, 1900; Nevins,
Ford: Times, Man, Company,
pp. 178–79; Olson,
Young Henry Ford,
pp. 106–7.

11.
Detroit
News-Tribune,
Feb. 4, 1900; Frederick Strauss, “Reminiscences,” pp. 57–58; Olson,
Young Henry Ford,
pp. 107, 123; Nevins,
Ford: Times, Man, Company,
pp. 178–80.

12.
William W. Pring, “Reminiscences,” pp. 5, 9; Strauss, “Reminiscences,” pp. 22–23; Oliver Barthel, “Reminiscences,” p. 6.

13.
Strauss, “Reminiscences,” pp. 56–58.

14.
Olson,
Young Henry Ford,
pp. 123–24; Nevins,
Ford: Times, Man, Company,
pp. 190–91; Strauss, “Reminiscences,” pp. 57–58.

15.
Detroit
Journal,
Nov. 30, 1901; Nevins,
Ford: Times, Man, Company,
p. 206.

16.
Strauss, “Reminiscences,” pp. 66, 7.

17.
Barthel, “Reminiscences,” pp. 7–11; Strauss, “Reminiscences,” p. 66.

18.
Pring, “Reminiscences,” p. 16; Charles T. Bush, “Oral History,” June 9, 1955, in acc. 65, box 10-10, pp. 9–11, FA.

19.
Bush, “Oral History,” pp. 9–11; Mrs. Wilfred C. Leland,
Master of Precision: Henry M. Leland
(Detroit, 1966), pp. 74, 96; Nevins,
Ford: Times, Man, Company,
pp. 211–12; Olson,
Young Henry Ford,
p. 154.

20.
Moran,
Moran Family,
p. 127; Robert Lacey,
Ford: The Men and the Machine
(New York, 1986), pp. 289–95; Leland,
Master of Precision,
pp. 207–52.

21.
“
Motor
's Historical Table,”
Motor,
March 1909.

22.
Benson,
New Henry Ford,
pp. 69–70.

23.
Bush, “Oral History,” pp. 9–11. Italics added.

24.
HF,
My Life and Work,
p. 36. Italics added. Oliver Barthel agreed with Ford's characterization of the company stockholders. Barthel described them as “speculative. I don't think any of them went into it with the idea of it being an investment. They were all speculators; that is, gamblers. They all went in on a gambling basis.” (Barthel, “Reminiscences,” pp. 7–11.)

25.
See Alan Trachtenberg,
The Incorporation of America: Culture and Society in the Gilded Age
(New York, 1982), pp. 4–7; Olivier Zunz,
Making America Corporate, 1870–1920
(Chicago, 1990), pp. 4–10.

26.
The literature on late-nineteenth-century social and cultural ferment in the United States is vast. For two particularly sweeping and stimulating analyses, see David Montgomery,
The Fall of the House of Labor: The Workplace, the State, and American Labor Activism, 1865–1925
(Cambridge, Mass., 1989); T. J. Jackson Lears,
No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of American Culture, 1880–1920
(New York, 1981).

27.
Richard Hofstadter,
The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F.D.R.
(New York, 1959), pp. 4–5, 11–12.

28.
HF and Samuel Crowther, “The Greatest American,”
Cosmopolitan,
July 1930, p. 200.

1.
This description comes from the magazine
The Horseless Age,
as quoted in Sidney Olson,
Young Henry Ford: A Pictorial History of the First Forty Years
(Detroit, 1997 [1963]), 141.

2.
Hrolf Wisby, “Style in Automobiles,”
Scientific American,
Nov. 9, 1901.

3.
For information on Winton's early career, see “The Winton Plant and Its Product,”
Cycle and Automotive Trade Journal,
March 1, 1904, pp. 68–79;
Scientific American,
May 14, 1898, p. 309; Detroit
Free Press,
Oct. 6, 1901.

4.
Detroit
Free Press,
Oct. 6, 1901; Olson,
Young Henry Ford,
p. 144; Allan Nevins,
Ford: The Times, the Man, the Company
(New York, 1954), quote on pp. 202–3.

5.
Detroit
Free Press,
Oct. 11, 1901; Detroit
Journal,
Oct. 11, 1901.

6.
Detroit
Tribune,
Oct. 11, 1901.

7.
William A. Simonds,
Henry Ford: His Life, His Work, His Genius
(Indianapolis, 1943), p. 71; Detroit
News,
Detroit
Tribune,
and Detroit
Free Press,
all on Oct. 11, 1901.

8.
Clara Ford to Milton D. Bryant, Dec. 3, 1901, in acc. 102, box 1, FA; Detroit
Tribune,
Oct. 11, 1901; Detroit
News,
Oct. 11, 1901.

9.
Oliver Barthel, “Reminiscences,” p. 8.

10.
HF to Milton D. Bryant, Jan. 6, 1902, in acc. 102, box 1, FA.

11.
HF,
My Life and Work
(Garden City, N.Y., 1922), p. 36.

12.
John Kasson,
Amusing the Million: Coney Island at the Turn of the Century
(New York, 1978), pp. 106, 6–7. In addition to Kasson's splendid volume, a number of books have explored aspects of an emerging commercialized mass culture. See, for example, Lary May,
Screening Out the Past: The Birth of Mass Culture and the Motion Picture Industry
(New York, 1980); Lewis A. Erenberg,
Steppin' Out: New York Nightlife and the Transformation of American Culture, 1890–1930
(Chicago, 1981); David Nasaw,
Going Out: The Rise and Fall of Public Amusements
(New York, 1993).

13.
Nasaw,
Going Out,
p. 4; see also pp. 2, 3, 9. See also Kasson,
Amusing the Million,
pp. 6, 106–7; May,
Screening Out the Past,
pp. viii, 235–36.

14.
HF,
My Life and Work,
p. 37.

15.
HF to Milton D. Bryant, Jan 6, 1902; Clara Ford to Milton D. Bryant, Dec. 3, 1901.

16.
Detroit
Free Press,
Nov. 20, 1901; Barthel, “Reminiscences,” p. 12.

17.
Clara Ford to Milton D. Bryant, March 3, 1902, in acc. 102, box 1, FA.

18.
Automobile and Motor Review,
Sept. 27, 1902.

19.
HF,
My Life and Work,
p. 50; Simonds,
Ford: Life, Work, Genius,
pp. 74–75.

20.
Detroit
Journal,
Sept. 18, 1902.

21.
Oldfield and Ford are quoted in William F. Nolan,
Barney Oldfield: The Life and Times of America's Legendary Speed King
(New York, 1961), p. 223. This is the only biography of the famous auto-racer, and it, along with Oldfield's
Saturday Evening Post
articles cited in note 23 below, supplies most of the information for my sketch of the famous racing driver.

22.
Nolan,
Oldfield,
p. 54.

23.
Barney Oldfield and William F. Sturm, “Wide Open All the Way,”
Saturday Evening Post,
Sept. 19, 1925, p. 61. This was the first of a two-part article (the second part appeared in the subsequent, Sept. 26, number of the magazine) that supplies Oldfield's fullest reflections on his own career.

24.
Oldfield and Sturm, “Wide Open All the Way,” p. 21.

25.
HF,
My Life and Work,
p. 51.

26.
Oldfield and Sturm, “Wide Open All the Way,” pp. 11, 50.

27.
Ibid., pp. 11, 10; HF,
My Life and Work,
p. 51.

28.
Detroit
Journal,
Sept. 13, 1902.

29.
Oldfield and Sturm, “Wide Open All the Way,” p. 11.

30.
Clara Bryant Ford to Milton Bryant, Oct. 27, 1902, in acc. 102, box I, FA.

31.
Oldfield and Sturm, “Wide Open All the Way,” p. 52; HF,
My Life and Work,
p. 51; Lee Cuson, “Reminiscences,” p. 5.

32.
Oldfield and Sturm, “Wide Open All the Way,” p. 54.

33.
Oldfield's words appear in ibid. The best contemporary account of the Manufacturer's Challenge Cup can be found in “Detroit Race Thrills Thousands of Visitors,”
Automobile and Motor Review,
Nov. 1, 1902, pp. 9–12. For general accounts of the race, see Olson,
Young Henry Ford,
p. 156; Nevins,
Ford: Times, Man, Company,
pp. 217–18; George DeAngelis, “Ford's ‘999’ and Cooper's ‘Arrow,’ ”
Antique Automobile,
Nov.–Dec. 1993, p. 310.