The People's Tycoon: Henry Ford and the American Century (Vintage) (115 page)

33.
James Dalton, “What Will Ford Do Next?,”
Motor,
May 1926, pp. 30–31, 84, 102.

34.
James C. Young, “Ford to Fight It Out with His Old Car,” New York
Times,
Dec. 26, 1926.

35.
William F. Sturm, “The Fords and the Future,”
Liberty,
Sept. 25, 1926, pp. 42, 47–48; B. C. Forbes, “Ford Loses Motor Leadership,”
Forbes,
April 15, 1927, pp. 9–10, 32.

36.
Simpson, “Reminiscences,” pp. 110–11; Sorensen,
My Forty Years with Ford,
p. 219, quoted in text; Young, “Ford to Fight It Out,” quoted in text.

37.
Sorensen,
My Forty Years with Ford,
pp. 219, 221.

38.
Sheldrick, “Reminiscences,” p. 46; Sorensen,
My Forty Years with Ford,
pp. 309–10, 222.

39.
Sheldrick, “Reminiscences,” pp. 37, 41; Peter Winnewisser,
The Legendary Model A Ford
(Iola, Wisc., 1999), pp. 7–11.

40.
Sorensen,
My Forty Years with Ford,
pp. 223–24; Al Esper, “Reminiscences,” p. 70; Galamb, “Reminiscences,” pp. 108, 138; Nevins and Hill,
Ford: Expansion and Challenge,
p. 447.

41.
Sheldrick, “Reminiscences,” pp. 83–84; Farkas, “Reminiscences,” p. 355.

42.
Sheldrick, “Reminiscences,” pp. 30–31; Ernest G. Liebold, “Reminiscences,” p. 846; Nevins and Hill,
Ford: Expansion and Challenge,
p. 450.

43.
Winnewisser,
The Legendary Model A,
pp. 7–8, 15.

44.
New York
Times,
May 26, 1927; Sheldrick, “Reminiscences,” pp. 40–41.

45.
Sorensen,
My Forty Years with Ford,
pp. 219–20; New York
Times,
July 25, 1927; Winnewisser,
Legendary Model A,
p. 15; David A. Hounshell,
From the American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932
(Baltimore, 1984), p. 288; David L. Lewis,
The Public Image of Henry Ford
(Detroit, 1976), p. 200; Nevins and Hill,
Ford: Expansion and Challenge,
p. 458.

46.
“New Ford,”
Time,
Aug. 22, 1927, pp. 35–36; New York
World,
quoted in “A Country Edi-tor's Scoop on the New Ford Car,”
Literary Digest,
Dec. 3, 1927, p. 54; Lewis,
Public Image,
p. 199; Washington
Post,
July 27, 1927.

47.
“Strut, Miss Lizzie!,”
Nation,
Dec. 14, 1927, p. 672; newspaper stories extracted in “Henry Ford as Super-Showman and Salesman,”
Literary Digest,
Dec. 17, 1927, p. 10.

48.
Fay Leone Faurote, “Henry Ford Still on the Job with Renewed Vigor,”
Industrial Management,
Oct. 1927, pp. 194, 195; Allan L. Benson, “Ford After His Hardest Year,”
Cosmopolitan,
Dec. 1927, pp. 30–31; Charles H. Wood, “Ford Makes Some Amazing Revelations,”
Forbes,
Jan. 1, 1928, pp. 10–11; “The Dramatic Story Behind Ford's New Car,” New York
Times,
Dec. 18, 1927; HF, quoted in ad released nationwide, Dec. 2, 1927, reproduced in Winnewisser,
Legendary Model A Ford,
p. 19; HF and Samuel Crowther, “Progress,”
Magazine of Business,
June 1928, p. 707.

49.
Lewis,
Public Image,
pp. 201–3.

50.
See Winnewisser,
Legendary Model A Ford,
pp. 16–21, 33–39, for a variety of photos of the new model.

1.
Ford R. Bryan,
Clara: Mrs. Henry Ford
(Dearborn, 2001), pp. 200–201; Detroit
Times,
April 1, 1927.

2.
Harry Bennett,
We Never Called Him Henry
(New York, 1951), p. 53.

3.
Fred L. Black, Ben Donaldson, and Walter Blanchard, “Reminiscences,” pp. 3, 15; “Henry Ford at Bay,”
Forum,
Aug. 1919, p. 129, quoted in text; E. G. Liebold to W. S. Pendelton, Nov. 26, 1918, in acc. 62, box 62, FA.

4.
Black, Donaldson, and Blanchard, “Reminiscences,” pp. 17–19; Ernest G. Liebold, “Reminiscences,” p. 1261; Black, “Reminiscences,” pp. 21, 148–49.

5.
“Why,” pp. 1–4.

6.
“The International Jew: The World's Problem,” Dearborn
Independent,
May 22, 1920.

7.
The International Jew
(Dearborn, 1920–22), 4 vols.

8.
Ibid., vol. 4, pp. 231, 233.

9.
Ibid., pp. 239–45.

10.
Leo P. Ribuffo, “Ford and the International Jew,” in his
Right, Center, Left: Essays in American History
(New Brunswick, N.J., 1992), pp. 71, 73. Ribuffo's thorough article has provided a foundation for my interpretation in this chapter.

11.
Ibid., p. 89; “We Have Given Up the Ford Agency,” Sioux City
Daily Tribune,
Sept. 28, 1921; “Brickbats Coming Our Way,”
Pipp's Weekly,
Dec. 8, 1923, p. 2.

12.
Norman Hapgood, “The Inside Story of Henry Ford's Jew-Mania,”
Hearst's International,
June 1922, pp. 14–15, 17; Ribuffo, “Ford and the International Jew,” pp. 77–78.

13.
Irving Bacon, “Reminiscences,” p. 231; Liebold, “Reminiscences,” p. 492; James Martin Miller to Samuel Untermeyer, July 9, 1925, reprinted in
Henry Ford Must Choose,
pamphlet, in Vertical File—“Henry Ford—Anti-Semitism,” FA; and Allan L. Benson,
The New Henry Ford
(New York, 1923), pp. 354–56.

14.
Robert Littell, “Henry Ford,”
New Republic,
Nov. 14, 1923, p. 303; “Peace Object, Says Ford, in an Attempt to Justify His Anti-Semitic Attitude,” New York
World,
Feb. 17, 1921; HF,
My Life and Work
(Garden City, N.Y., 1922), pp. 250–51.

15.
Judson C. Welliver, “Henry Ford, Dreamer and Worker,”
American Review of Reviews,
Nov. 1921, p. 492; Emil Zoerlein, “Reminiscences,” p. 64; Detroit
Free Press,
Aug. 7, 1922; Liebold, “Reminiscences,” pp. 409–10, 1434–35; Andrew S. Wing, “The Sort of a Man Henry Ford Is When You Meet and Talk with Him,”
Farm and Fireside,
Feb. 1926, p. 52.

16.
Allan L. Benson, quoted in “The Jewish Bloc in Mr. Ford's Presidential Path,”
Literary Digest,
Aug. 25, 1923, p. 48; Black, Donaldson, and Blanchard, “Reminiscences,” p. 29; Rosika Schwimmer, “The Poisoned Henry Ford,”
Jewish Tribune,
Dec. 5, 1924, quoted in Neil Baldwin,
Henry Ford and the Jews: The Mass Production of Hate
(New York, 2001), p. 59. I have relied extensively on Baldwin's exhaustive book on Ford and the Jewish controversy for materials and insight in this chapter.

17.
Wing, “Sort of a Man Henry Ford Is,” p. 51.

18.
Ribuffo, “Ford and the International Jew,” p. 80; Black, Donaldson, and Blanchard, “Reminiscences,” pp. 30–32; Baldwin,
Henry Ford and the Jews,
p. 171; HF,
My Life and Work,
p. 251.

19.
Bacon, “Reminiscences,” p. 63;
International Jew,
vol. IV, pp. 67–69; HF conversation with John Burroughs, quoted in Baldwin,
Ford and the Jews,
p. 89; Harold Hicks, “Reminiscences,” pp. 178–79; Zoerlein, “Reminiscences,” p. 65.

20.
Liebold, “Reminiscences,” pp. 467–68; Robert Singerman, “The American Career of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion,”
American Jewish History,
Sept. 1981, pp. 48–78.

21.
“What Started Mr. Ford Against the Jews,”
Pipp's Weekly,
March 5, 1921.

22.
Liebold, “Reminiscences,” pp. 2–19; Ford R. Bryan,
Henry's Lieutenants
(Detroit, 1993), pp. 169–70; Baldwin,
Ford and the Jews,
pp. 24–25; Bacon, “Reminiscences,” pp. 11–12.

23.
Bacon, “Reminiscences,” pp. 66, 198–99.

24.
Ibid., p. 234; Liebold, “Reminiscences,” pp. 23, 41, 365.

25.
Bacon, “Reminiscences,” pp. 41–42; Liebold, “Reminiscences,” pp. 297, 299; Bryan,
Henry's Lieutenants,
p. 171; Liebold to Gaston Plantiff, July 11, 1918 in acc. 62, box 20, FA; William J. Cameron, “Reminiscences,” p. 36; Charles Voorhess, “Reminiscences,” pp. 78–80.

26.
Bacon, “Reminiscences,” pp. 83, 131, 251; Liebold, “Reminiscences,” pp. 21–22.

27.
Black, “Reminiscences,” p. 130; Bacon, “Reminiscences,” pp. 58, 97–98; Harold Cordell, “Reminiscences,” p. 10; Liebold, “Reminiscences,” p. 1142.

28.
Cameron, “Reminiscences,” p. 53; Black, “Reminiscences,” p. 131; Cordell, “Reminiscences,” pp. 14, 8–9.

29.
Bacon, “Reminiscences,” p. 236; Cordell, “Reminiscences,” p. 9.

30.
Bryan,
Henry's Lieutenants,
pp. 169, 173; Bennett,
We Never Called Him Henry,
p. 48, quoted in text.

31.
Black, “Reminiscences,” p. 131; J. L. McCloud, “Reminiscences,” pp. 112–13.

32.
Black, “Reminiscences,” p. 132; Liebold, “Reminiscences,” p. 259; Cordell, “Reminiscences,” p. 15; Mrs. Stanley Ruddiman, “Reminiscences,” p. 129; Bennett,
We Never Called Him Henry,
p. 48.

33.
E. G. Liebold to Senator Lloyd Warren, in acc. 572, box 4, FA; Cameron, “Reminiscences,” p. 38.

34.
Black, “Reminiscences,” p. 134; William Cody to Richard English, and Richard English to Edsel Ford, both in acc. 6, box 31, FA.

35.
Liebold, “Reminiscences,” pp. 425–26, 436, 444; Cameron, “Reminiscences,” p. 8; Bacon, “Reminiscences,” pp. 231, 68.

36.
Liebold, “Reminiscences,” pp. 297, 1161, 484.

37.
Cordell, “Reminiscences,” p. 10, Baldwin,
Ford and the Jews,
pp. 186–89; Liebold, “Reminiscences,” pp. 1533, 1544.

38.
Bennett,
We Never Called Him Henry,
p. 49; Black, “Reminiscences,” p. 132; Liebold, “Reminiscences,” pp. 499, 451–52.

39.
Black, Donaldson, and Blanchard, “Reminiscences,” p. 36; Liebold to Dr. Michael Shander, June 30, 1920; and to George F. Oberge, Oct. 22, 1920, both in acc. 940, box 12, “FMC— Anti-Semitism” folder, FA; Liebold, “Reminiscences,” p. 446.

40.
Liebold, “Reminiscences,” pp. 456–58.

41.
Ribuffo, “Ford and the International Jew,” p. 94; Baldwin,
Ford and the Jews,
pp. 210–11.

42.
Baldwin,
Ford and the Jews,
pp. 121–33; Leo Franklin to HF, June 14, 1920, in acc. 572, box 2, FA.

43.
Baldwin,
Ford and the Jews,
pp. 147–48, 236; Ribuffo, “Ford and the International Jew,” pp. 89–91.

44.
Ribuffo, “Ford and the International Jew,” pp. 91–92; Gene Smith, “The American Dreyfus,”
American Heritage,
Nov. 1994, pp. 93–94.

45.
Ribuffo, “Ford and the International Jew,” pp. 92–93; Baldwin,
Ford and the Jews,
pp. 209–10.

46.
Baldwin,
Ford and the Jews,
pp. 204–8; Ribuffo, “Ford and the International Jew,” pp. 92–93; Grace H. Larsen and Henry E. Erdman, “Aaron Sapiro: Genius of Farm Cooperative Promotion,”
Mississippi Valley Historical Review,
Sept. 1962, pp. 242–65.

47.
Ribuffo, “Ford and the International Jew,” p. 94; Liebold, “Reminiscences,” p. 492.

48.
Baldwin,
Ford and the Jews,
pp. 218–19; Ribuffo, “Ford and the International Jew,” pp. 94–95.

49.
“Cameron Kept on Libel Stand,” Detroit
News,
March 25, 1927; Baldwin,
Ford and the Jews,
pp. 220–22; Liebold, “Reminiscences,” p. 492.

50.
Ribuffo, “Ford and the International Jew,” p. 96; Baldwin,
Ford and the Jews,
pp. 222–23.

51.
Ribuffo, “Ford and the International Jew,” p. 96; Liebold, “Reminiscences,” pp. 492–95; Keith Sward,
The Legend of Henry Ford
(New York, 1948), pp. 153–54.

52.
Ribuffo, “Ford and the International Jew,” p. 96; Baldwin,
Ford and the Jews,
pp. 222–23; David L. Lewis,
The Public Image of Henry Ford: An American Folk Hero and His Company
(Detroit, 1976), p. 144.

53.
Ribuffo, “Ford and the International Jew,” pp. 96–97; Baldwin,
Ford and the Jews,
pp. 223–24.

54.
Black, “Reminiscences,” p. 50; Baldwin,
Ford and the Jews,
pp. 224, 233–38, 255.

55.
For the complete text of Ford's apology, see Baldwin,
Ford and the Jews,
pp. 238–40.

56.
“The Ford 'Retractor,' ”
Literary Digest,
July 23, 1927, pp. 8–9; Louis B. Mayer to HF, July 23, 1927, in Vertical File—“HF—Anti-Semitism,” FA.

57.
Editorial,
Christian Century,
July 21, 1927, p. 867; “Henry Ford,”
Nation,
July 20, 1927, p. 47; “Ford 'Retractor,' ” p. 9.

58.
“Will Rogers at the Annual Dinner,”
S.A.E. Journal,
Feb. 1929, p. 114; New York
Daily News,
quoted in “Apology to Jews,”
Time,
July 20, 1927, p. 14; Rose's song, reprinted in Lewis,
Public Image of Ford,
p. 147.

59.
Liebold, “Reminiscences,” p. 1384; Cameron, quoted in Baldwin,
Ford and the Jews,
p. 243; John L. McCloud, “Reminiscences,” p. 348.

60.
Liebold, “Reminiscences,” p. 504; untitled report of Ford's statements on Jews, 1927–42, prepared by American Jewish Committee, Jan. 31, 1942, p. 18, in acc. 940, box 12, “FMC— Anti-Semitism” folder, FA.

61.
Liebold, “Reminiscences,” p. 1528; “Reich Honor Is Bestowed,” Detroit
News,
July 31, 1938.

1.
“Edison Young Again as He Relives the Past,” New York
Times,
Oct. 21, 1929, quoted in text; William A. Simonds,
Henry Ford and Greenfield Village
(New York, 1938), pp. 134–35; William Greenleaf,
From These Beginnings: The Early Philanthropies of Henry and Edsel Ford, 1911–1936,
pp. 104–5; HF, quoted in Paul D. Paddock, “Edison to Remake First Light,”
Popular Mechanics,
April 1929, p. 941.