The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914 (117 page)

. Williamson,
Austria-Hungary
, 154–5.
110
. Afflerbach,
Der Dreibund
, 748.
111
. Sondhaus,
Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf
, 129.
112
. Hantsch,
Leopold Graf Berchtold
, 513.
113
. Ibid., 312.
114
. Herrmann,
The Arming of Europe
, 179.
115
. Williamson,
Austria-Hungary
, 135; Leslie,
The Antecedents
, 352–3.
116
. Albertini,
The Origins of the War
, vol. I, 483–4.
117
. Crampton,
The Hollow Detente
, 172.
118
. Haupt,
Socialism and the Great War
, 107.
119
. Cooper,
Patriotic Pacifism
, 159–60.
120
. Kennan,
The Other Balkan Wars
, 271.

17 Preparing for War or Peace Europe’s Last Months of Peace

1
. BD, vol. X, part 2, 476, pp. 702–3.
2
. Rose,
King George V
, 166–7.
3
. McLean,
Royalty and Diplomacy
, 197.
4
. Craig,
Germany, 1866–1945
, 295; Herwig, ‘Imperial Germany’, 84.
5
. Kieβling,
Gegen den ‘Groβen Krieg’?
, 195–6.
6
. Rosen,
Forty Years of Diplomacy
, 154.
7
. Brusilov,
A Soldier’s Notebook
, 3–4.
8
. Gildea,
Barricades and Borders
, 419.
9
. Rogger, ‘Russia in 1914’, 96.
10
. Sazonov,
Fateful Years
, 80.
11
. Miliukov and Mendel,
Political Memoirs
, 284.
12
. Kokovtsov,
Out of My Past
, 296.
13
. Ibid., 361.
14
. Figes,
A People’s Tragedy
, 216.
15
. Ibid., 241–5.
16
. Rogger, ‘Russia in 1914’, 95–6.
17
. Ibid., 101–2.
18
. Geyer,
Russian Imperialism
, 249–54.
19
. Ibid., 274–5.
20
. Lieven,
Nicholas II
, 168.
21
. Bridge,
From Sadowa to Sarajevo
, 371.
22
. Hewitson, ‘Germany and France’, 578; Kieβling,
Gegen den ‘Groβen Krieg’?
, 196.
23
. Tanenbaum, ‘French Estimates’, 167–8.
24
. Kessler,
Journey to the Abyss
, 609.
25
. Bülow,
Memoirs of Prince von Bulow
, vol. III, 33; Cecil,
German Diplomatic Service
, 317.
26
. Spitzemberg,
Das Tagebuch
, 563.
27
. Stevenson,
Armaments
, 286–9.
28
. Röhl,
The Kaiser and His Court
, 173–4; Röhl, ‘Admiral von Müller’, 661; Stevenson,
Armaments
, 252–3.
29
. Mombauer,
Helmuth von Moltke
, 145.
30
. Herwig, ‘Imperial Germany’, 84.
31
. Röhl, ‘Admiral von Müller’, 665; Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 339–40; Tanenbaum, ‘French Estimates’, 169.
32
. Stevenson,
Armaments
, 316–20.
33
. Krumeich,
Armaments and Politics
, ch. 2.
34
. Stevenson,
Armaments
, 221.
35
. Doughty, ‘France’, 163.
36
. Ibid., 162.
37
. Weber,
The Nationalist Revival in France
, 97.
38
. Ibid., 94–5, 102.
39
. Kessler,
Journey to the Abyss
, 580.
40
. German Foreign Office,
Die grosse Politik
, vol. XXXIX, 292.
41
. Nolan,
The Inverted Mirror
, 40, 82–3.
42
. Stevenson,
Armaments
, 222.
43
. Keiger,
Raymond Poincaré
, 122–3, 130–31.
44
. Ibid., 145.
45
. Williams,
Tiger of France
, 286.
46
. Ibid., 11–14, 24–7, 154.
47
. Ibid., 147.
48
. Adamthwaite,
Grandeur and Misery
, 8; Hughes,
Policies and Potentates
, 223–7.
49
. Hayne,
French Foreign Office
, 274.
50
. Cambon,
Correspondance
, vol. III, 39.
51
. Keiger,
Raymond Poincaré
, 151.
52
. Hayne,
French Foreign Office
, 238.
53
. Keiger,
Raymond Poincaré
, 155–7.
54
. Schmidt,
Frankreichs Aussenpolitik
, 236–7.
55
. Ibid., 238–40.
56
. Williamson, ‘German Perceptions’, 206.
57
. Goldberg,
Life of Jean Jaurès
, 439.
58
. Sazonov,
Fateful Years
, 56.
59
. Rose,
King George V
, 80.
60
. Ibid., 71.
61
. Clifford,
The Asquiths
, 2–3.
62
. Ibid., 13–14.
63
. Haldane,
An Autobiography
, 111.
64
. Clifford,
The Asquiths
, 186.
65
. Ibid., 145.
66
. Adam,
Bonar Law
, 107–9.
67
. Jeffery,
Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson
, 115–16.
68
. BD, vol. X, part 2, 537, pp. 780–83.
69
. Churchill,
The World Crisis
, vol. I, 185; Dangerfield,
The Strange Death
, 366.
70
. Leslie, ‘Osterreich-Ungarn’, 669–70.
71
. Afflerbach,
Der Dreibund
, 793–4, 806–8, 810–11.
72
. Angelow,
Der Weg in die Katastrophe
, 26.
73
. Wandruszka and Urbanitsch,
Die Habsburgermonarchie
, 331–2; Bridge,
From Sadowa to Sarajevo
, 364–5.
74
. Bodger, ‘Russia and the End’, 88.
75
. Herwig, ‘Imperial Germany’, 87.
76
. Jarausch,
The Enigmatic Chancellor
, 117.
77
. Sazonov,
Fateful Years
, 43–4; Kokovtsov,
Out of My Past
, 321–3.
78
. Stieve,
Der diplomatische Schriftwechsel Iswolskis
, 17–18.
79
. McLean,
Royalty and Diplomacy
, 67–8.
80
. Shatsillo,
Ot Portsmutskogo
, 272–4; Stevenson,
Armaments
, 343–9.
81
. Churchill,
The World Crisis
, vol. I, 178; Grey,
Twenty-Five Years
, vol. I, 269.
82
. Grey,
Twenty-Five Years
, vol. I, 195.
83
. Wilson,
The Policy of the Entente
, 68.
84
. Spring, ‘Russia and the Franco-Russian Alliance’, 584; Robbins,
Sir Edward Grey
, 271.
85
. Schmidt,
Frankreichs Aussenpolitik
, 266–76.
86
. Ibid., 252–3, 258–9.
87
. Jeffery,
Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson
, 103.
88
. Marder,
From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow
, 253.
89
. Churchill,
The World Crisis
, vol. I, 118.
90
. Williamson,
Politics of Grand Strategy
, 274.
91
. Churchill,
The World Crisis
, vol. I, 119.
92
. Marder,
From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow
, 254–6, 265–6.
93
. Churchill,
The World Crisis
, vol. I, 113.
94
. Williamson,
Politics of Grand Strategy
, 320–25.
95
. BD, vol. X, part 2, 416, pp. 614–15.
96
. Esher,
Journals and Letters
, vol. III, 331.
97
. BD, vol. X, part 2, 400, pp. 601–2.
98
. Robbins,
Sir Edward Grey
, 285.
99
. Rose,
King George V
, 164.
100
. Bridge, ‘The Entente Cordiale’, 350.
101
. Angelow,
Der Weg in die Katastrophe
, 60–61.
102
. Stevenson,
Armaments
, 2–9.
103
. Ibid., 4.
104
. Herrmann,
The Arming of Europe
, 207.
105
. Epkenhans,
Tirpitz
, Kindle version, loc. 862.
106
. Kieβling,
Gegen den ‘Groβen Krieg’?
, 67–8.
107
. Heywood, ‘The Most Catastrophic Question’, 56.
108
. Förster, ‘Im Reich des Absurden’, 233.
109
. Stevenson,
Armaments
, 358–9; Schmidt,
Frankreichs Aussenpolitik
, 208–11, 242–4.
110
. Herwig, ‘Imperial Germany’, 88.