Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Pathways to Arriving at a Clinical Diagnosis (614 page)

   Villous adenoma of colon

   Aciduria secondary to potassium depletion

   Excess of base caused by administration of

   Absorbable antacids (e.g., sodium bicarbonate; milk-alkali syndrome)

   Salts of weak acids (e.g., sodium lactate, sodium or potassium citrate)

   Some vegetarian diets

   Citrate due to massive blood transfusions

   Potassium depletion (causing sodium and H
⁺
to enter the cells):

   GI loss (e.g., chronic diarrhea)

   Lack of potassium intake (e.g., anorexia nervosa, IV fluids without potassium supplements for treatment of vomiting or postoperatively)

   Diuresis (e.g., mercurials, thiazides, osmotic diuresis)

   Extracellular volume depletion and chloride depletion

   Dehydration, reducing intracellular volume, thereby stimulating aldosterone, causing excretion of potassium and H
⁺

   All forms of mineralocorticoid excess (e.g., primary aldosteronism, Cushing syndrome, administration of steroids, large amounts of licorice) causing excretion of potassium and H
⁺