Why Diets Fail (Because You're Addicted to Sugar) (36 page)

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Avena NM, Rada P, Hoebel BG (2008). Evidence for sugar addiction: Behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev
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Oswald KD, Murdaugh DL, King VL, Boggiano MM (2011). Motivation for palatable food despite consequences in an animal model of binge eating.
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Gearhardt AN, Corbin WR, Brownell KD (2009). Preliminary validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale.
Appetite
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Gearhardt AN, Yokum S, Orr PT, Stice E, Corbin WR, Brownell KD (2011). Neural correlates of food addiction.
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Verbeken S, Braet C, Lemmertyn J, Goossens L, Moens E (2012). How is reward sensitivity related to bodyweight in children?
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25.
Ibid.

26.
Ibid.

27.
Davis C, Fox J (2008). Sensitivity to reward and body mass index (BMI): Evidence for a non-linear relationship.
Appetite
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28.
Gearhardt AN, Yokum S, Orr PT, Stice E, Corbin WR, Brownell KD (2011). Neural correlates of food addiction.
Arch Gen Psychiatry
68(8): 808–16.

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Berridge KC, Robinson TE, Aldridge JW (2009). Dissecting components of reward: “Liking,”, “wanting,” and learning.
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Step 4:
The Sugar Freedom Plan for Breaking Your Addiction

  
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Ebbeling CB, Swain JF, Feldman HA, Wong WW, Hachey DL, Garcia-Lago E, Ludwig DS (2012). Effects of dietary composition on energy expenditure during weight-loss maintenance.
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Popkin BM (2012). Sugary beverages represent a threat to global health.
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Malik VS, Popkin BM, Bray GA, Després JP, Willett WC, Hu FB (2010). Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
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Popkin BM (2012). The changing face of global diet and nutrition. In
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Di Meglio DP, Mattes RD (2000). Liquid versus solid carbohydrate: Effects on food intake and body weight.
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Chen L, Appel LJ, Loria C, Lin PH, Champagne CM, Elmer PJ, et al. (2009). Reduction in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with weight loss: The PREMIER trial.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). NCHS data brief: Consumption of sugar drinks in the United States, 2005–2008. Retrieved from
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Wang YC, Coxson P, Shen YM, Goldman L, Bibbins-Domingo K (2012). A penny-per-ounce tax on sugar-sweetened beverages would cut health and cost burdens of diabetes.
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Ebbling CA, Willett, WC, Ludwig DS (2012). The special case of sugar-sweetened beverages. In
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Ivezaj V, Saules KK, Wiedemann AA (2012). “I didn’t see this coming”: Why are postbariatric patients in substance abuse treatment? Patients’ perceptions of etiology and future recommendations.
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King WC, Chen JY, Mitchell JE, Kalarchian MA, Steffen KJ, Engel SG, et al. (2012). Prevalence of alcohol use disorders before and after bariatric surgery.
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Lindqvist A, de la Cour CD, Stegmark A, Håkanson R, Erlanson-Albertsson C (2005). Overeating of palatable food is associated with blunted leptin and ghrelin responses.
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19.
Halton TL, Hu FB (2004). The effects of high protein diets on thermogenesis, satiety, and weight loss: A critical review.
J Am Coll Nutr
23(5): 373–85.

Step 5: What to Eat and What
Not
to Eat

  
1.
Di Meglio DP, Mattes RD (2000). Liquid versus solid carbohydrate: Effects on food intake and body weight.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord
24(6): 794–800.

  
2.
Sclafani A, Ackroff K (1994). Glucose- and fructose-conditioned flavor preferences in rats: Taste versus postingestive conditioning.
Physiol Behav
56(2): 399–405.

  
3.
Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Tibaldi E, Esposti DD, Lauriola M (2007). Lifespan exposure to low doses of aspartame beginning during prenatal life increases cancer effects in rats.
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4.
Bryan GT, Erturk E, Yoshida O (1970). Production of urinary bladder carcinomas in mice by sodium saccharin.
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5.
Patel RM, Sarma R, Grimsley E (2006). Popular sweetener sucralose as a migraine trigger.
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American Cancer Society (2011). Aspartame. Retrieved from
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7.
St-Onge MP, Heymsfield SB (2003). Usefulness of artificial sweeteners for body weight control.
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Gardner C, Wylie-Rosett J, Gidding SS, Steffen LM, Johnson RK, Reader D, et al.; American Heart Association Nutrition Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism, Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; American Diabetes Association (2012). Nonnutritive sweeteners: Current use and health perspectives: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association.
Diabetes Care
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9.
Gibson SA, Gunn P (2011). What’s for breakfast? Nutritional implications of breakfast habits: Insights from the NDNS dietary records.
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10.
Cooper SB, Bandelow S, Nevill ME (2011). Breakfast consumption and cognitive function in adolescent schoolchildren.
Physiol Behav
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11.
Affenito SG (2007). Breakfast: A missed opportunity.
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12.
Huang CJ, Hu HT, Fan YC, Liao YM, Tsai PS (2010). Associations of breakfast skipping with obesity and health-related quality of life: Evidence from a national survey in Taiwan.
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13.
Kayman S, Bruvold W, Stern JS (1990). Maintenance and relapse after weight loss in women: Behavioral aspects.
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14.
Duffey KJ, Popkin BM (2011). Energy density, portion size, and eating occasions: Contributions to increased energy intake in the United States, 1977–2006.
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15.
Ibid.

16.
Furchner-Evanson A, Petrisko Y, Howarth L, Nemoseck T, Kern M (2010). Type of snack influences satiety responses in adult women.
Appetite
54(3): 564–9.

Step 6: Managing Your Withdrawal

  
1.
Avena NM, Rada P, Hoebel BG (2008). Evidence for sugar addiction: Behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev
32(1): 20–39.

  
2.
Ziauddeen H, Farooqi IS, Fletcher PC (2012). Obesity and the brain: How convincing is the addiction model?
Nat Rev Neurosci
13(4): 279–86.

  
3.
Crews FT, Boettiger CA (2009). Impulsivity, frontal lobes, and risk for addiction.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav
93(3): 237–47.

  
4.
West R, Gossop M (1994). Overview: A comparison of withdrawal symptoms from different drug classes.
Addiction
89(11): 1483–9.

  
5.
Ifland JR, Preuss HG, Marcus MT, Rourke KM, Taylor WC, Burau K, et al. (2009). Refined food addiction: A classic substance use disorder.
Med Hypotheses
72(5): 518–26.

  
6.
Avena NM, Rada P, Hoebel BG (2008). Evidence for sugar addiction: Behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev
32(1): 20–39.

  
7.
Hall DM, Most MM (2005). Dietary adherence in well-controlled feeding studies.
J Am Diet Assoc
105(8): 1285–8.

  
8.
Mayo Clinic (2011). Quitting smoking: 10 ways to resist tobacco cravings. Retrieved from
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/nicotine-craving/SK00057
. Accessed May 5, 2013.

  
9.
Best DW, Lubman DI (2012). The recovery paradigm: A model of hope and change for alcohol and drug addiction.
Australian Family Physician
41(8): 593–97.

10.
Sobell LC, Ellingstad TP, Sobell MB (2000). Natural recovery from alcohol and drug problems: Methodological review of the research with suggestions for future directions.
Addiction
95(5): 749–64.