American Experiment (120 page)

[Pennsylvania Avenue as “streak of mud”]:
Brant, p. 41. See also Young.

[Jefferson on paying off “Hamilton’s” debt]:
Jefferson to Du Pont de Nemours, Jan. 18,

1802, Ford, Vol. 8, p. 127 n.

[Johnstone on causes of Republican disunity in Congress]:
Robert M. Johnstone, Jr.,
Jefferson and the Presidency
(Cornell University Press, 1978), p. 119.

[Significance of congressmen living in separate boardinghouses]:
Young, esp. Ch. 6. See also Cunningham, pp. 282-86.

[John Quincy Adams on typical Republican legislator]:
quoted in Johnstone, p. 118.

[Jefferson’s views on the role of the legislature in a tripartite balance]:
Thomas Jefferson,
Notes on Virginia
(Harper Torchbooks, 1964), pp. 110-24; Jefferson to James Madison, June 20, 1787, Ford, Vol. 4, pp. 390-96; Jefferson to Spencer Roane, Sept. 6, 1819,
ibid,
Vol. 10, pp. 140-43; Jefferson to Abigail Adams, Sept. 11, 1804, in H. A. Washington, ed.
The Works of Thomas Jefferson
(Townsend Mac Coun, 1884), Vol. 4, pp. 560-62.

[Jefferson’s pledge to carry out the legislative will]:
reply to notification of election, Feb. 20, 1801, in Saul K. Padover, ed.,
The Complete Jefferson
(Duell, Sloan
&
Pearce, 1943), p. 383.

[Jefferson’s dinner invitations to Republicans and Federalists]:
Young, p. 169.

[John Quincy Adams on his 1804 dinner with Jefferson]:
Charles Francis Adams, ed,
Memoirs of John Quincy Adams
(Lippincott, 1874), Nov. 23, 1804, Vol. 1, p. 316.

[Adams on his later dinner]: Memoirs,
Nov. 3, 1807, quoted in Francis Coleman Rosenberger, ed.,
Jefferson Reader
(E. P. Dutton, 1953). pp. 60-61.

[Johnstone on flow chart]:
Johnstone, p. 121.

[Jefferson’s party leadership]:
See in general Noble E. Cunningham, Jr.,
The Jeffersonian Republicans in Power
(University of North Carolina Press, 1963), esp. Ch. 4. For a sharply dissenting view, see Young.

[Madison on the Mississippi]:
quoted in Malone, p. 266.

[Jefferson’s “peculiar confidence” in western men]:
Jefferson to J. P. G. Muhlenberg, Jan. 31, 1781, in Julian P. Boyd, ed.,
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
(Princeton University Press, 1951), Vol. 4, p. 487.

[Jefferson on America’s favored international position, in Inaugural Address]:
Ford, Vol. 8, p. 3 (text here spelled out from abbreviated form in Ford).

[Jefferson on having nothing to do with European interests]:
Jefferson to George Logan, March 21, 1801, Ford, Vol. 8, p. 23.

[Jefferson on “unwise” French policy of regaining Louisiana]:
Jefferson to James Monroe, May 26, 1801,
ibid.,
p. 58.

[The Jefferson administration’s reaction to French policy in Saint Domingue]:
Carl Ludwig Lokke, “Jefferson and the Leclerc Expedition,”
American Historical Review,
Vol. 33, No. 2 (January 1928), pp. 322-28.
[Jefferson’s fear of implications of independent black republic]:
Arthur Burr Darling,
Our Rising Empire
(Yale University Press, 1940), pp. 415-16; Lokke, p. 324.

[Jefferson’s warning to France against taking possession of Louisiana]:
Jefferson to Robert R. Livingston, April 18, 1802, Ford, Vol. 8, p. 145.

[Jefferson’s military preparations in response to recession of Louisiana]:
Mary P. Adams, “Jefferson’s Reaction to the Treaty of San Ildefonso,”
Journal of Southern History,
Vol. 21, No. 2 (May 1955), pp. 173-88.

[Handlin on New Orleans as a fulcrum]:
Oscar Handlin, “The Louisiana Purchase,”
Atlantic Monthly,
January 1955, p. 47.

[Louisiana policy of the Spanish court]: ibid.,
pp. 48-49.

[Jefferson’s notification to Monroe of his appointment]:
Jefferson to Monroe, Jan. 10, 1803, Ford, Vol. 8, p. 188. For the formal communications and instructions from the Administration to Livingston and Madison, see Gaillard Hunt, ed.,
The Writings of James Madison
(G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1908), Vol. 7, passim.

[Monroe’s inability to resist the call to duty]:
Harry Ammon,
James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity
(McGraw-Hill, 1971), pp. 204-5.

[
National Intelligencer
on Louisiana treaty, July 8, 1803]:
quoted in Malone, p. 297.

[Jefferson on peace]:
Jefferson to John Sinclair, June 30, 1803, quoted in
ibid,
p. 295.

[“Fabricus” in the
Columbian Centinel, July
13, 1803]:
quoted in
ibid.,
p. 297.

[Paine on constitutionality of power to acquire territory]:
Paine to Jefferson, Sept. 23, 1803, in Philip S. Foner, ed.,
The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine
(Citadel, 1945), Vol. 2, pp. 1447-48.

[Jefferson on “written laws”]:
Jefferson to John Calvin, Sept. 20, 1810, Ford, Vol. 9, p.

279.

[Jefferson’s draft of a proposed constitutional amendment]:
quoted in Malone, p. 316.

[Jefferson’s willingness to acquiesce in not following constitutional amendment route]:
Jefferson to W. C. Nicholas, Sept. 7, 1803, quoted in Johnstone, p, 73.

[Jefferson’s curiosity about soil, fauna, etc., of Louisiana Territory]:
Jefferson to Meriwether Lewis, April 27, 1803, Ford, Vol. 8, pp. 193-199; see also references to remainder of this section.

[The Lewis and Clark expedition]:
the key documentary sources are the notes and diaries of the two leaders. Of the several editions, I have used James K. Hosmer, ed.,
History of the Expedition of Captains Lewis and Clark 1804-5-6., -
reprinted from the edition of 1814 (A. C. McClurg, 1902), Vols. 1 and 2; and Ernest Staples Osgood,
The Field Notes of Captain William Clark, 1803-1805
(Yale University Press, 1964). John Bakeless,
Lewis & Clark: Partners in Discovery
(William Morrow, 1947), usefully summarizes these and other sources.

[Jefferson’s concern about the fur trade]:
Ralph B. Guinness, “The Purpose of the Lewis and Clark Expedition,”
Mississippi Valley Historical Review,
Vol. 20, No. 1 (June 1933), pp. 90-100.

[Jefferson on Meriwether Lewis]:
from “Life of Captain Lewis by Thomas Jefferson” (written in 1813 and included in Hosmer, Vol. 1, pp. xli-lvi, at xlvi).

[Jefferson’s instructions to Lewis]:
Jefferson to “Merryweather” Lewis, June 20, 1803, ord, Vol. 8, pp. 194-99.

[Indian chief on not whipping Indian children]:
quoted in Bakeless, p. 124.

[Jefferson-Lewis exchange at end of expedition]:
Lewis to Jefferson, Sept. 23, 1806, quoted in Bakeless, p. 376; Jefferson to Lewis, Oct. 20, 1806, Ford, Vol. 8, p. 476.

[Major sources on judicial review and the Marshall Court]:
Robert K. Carr,
The Supreme Court and Judicial Review
(Farrar and Rinehart, 1942); Gottfried Dietze, ed.,
Essays on theAmerican Constitution
(Prentice-Hall, 1964), esp. Ch. 1; Edward S. Corwin,
John Marshall and the Constitution
(Yale University Press, 1921); Richard E. Ellis,
The Jeffersonian Crisis: Courts and Politics in the Young Republic
(Oxford University Press, 1971); Robert Kenneth Faulkner,
The Jurisprudence of John Marshall
(Princeton University Press, 1968); Charles Warren,
The Supreme Court in United States History
(Little, Brown, 1924), Vol. 1; Benjamin F. Wright,
The Growth of American Constitutional Law
(Houghton Mifflin, 1942).

[Jefferson’s reaction to Federalist “courtpacking”]:
Jefferson to William B. Giles, March 23, 1801, Ford, Vol. 8, pp. 25-26; Jefferson to William Findley, March 24, 1801,
ibid.,
pp. 27-28; Jefferson to Benjamin Rush, March 24, 1801,
ibid,
pp. 31-33; Jefferson to Elbridge Gerry, March 29, 1801,
ibid.,
pp.40-43.
[The “one act of Mr. Adams’s” that displeased Jefferson]:
Jefferson to Abigail Adams, June 13, 1804,
ibid.,
Vol. 8, pp. 306-8.

[Gouverneur Morris on Federalists’ need to cast anchors]:
quoted in Johnstone, p. 172.

[Justice Chase on judicial power]:
quoted in Baker, p. 379.

[Jefferson’s designation “sweeping Republicans”]:
cited in Schachner, p. 683.

[Giles on the Federalist “fortress
”]: William B. Giles to Jefferson, June 1, 1801, Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress.

[Jefferson’s involvement in repeal of Judiciary Bill]:
Johnstone, p. 175.

[Reaction of Supreme Court justices to Republican judicial measures]:
Baker, pp. 378-79.

[Marshall opinion in
Marbury
v. Madison]:
William Cranch,
Reports of Cases Argued and Adjudged in the Supreme, Court of the United States,
known also as
Cranch Reports
(Banks Law Publishing Co., 1911), Vol. 1, pp. 152-80.
[Withholding of Marbury commission]: ibid.,
p. 161.
[Peoples “original right”]: ibid.,
pp. 175-76.

[Peltason on Marshall stating the question so that the answer was obvious]:
Jack W. Peltason and James MacGregor Burns,
Government by the People
(Prentice-Hall, 1952), p. 107.

[Boston
Independent Chronicle on
Marbury]:
quoted in Baker, pp. 409-10.

[Jefferson’s executive leadership and his quotations thereon]:
Johnstone, pp. 86, 56.

[Jefferson on harmony in his Cabinet]:
Jefferson to Destutt de Tracy, Jan. 26, 1811, Ford, Vol. 9, p. 307.

[Jefferson on President’s power of decision]: ibid.,
p. 308.

[Cunningham on Jefferson as Republican party unifier]:
Cunningham,
Jeffersonian Republicans in Power,
p. 304.

[Jefferson’s moderate appointment policy]:
Ellis, p. 234.

[Jefferson on likelihood that Republican party would split]:
Jefferson to Joel Barlow, May 3, 1802, Ford, Vol. 8, p. 150.

[His tendency to equate the Republican party with the nation]:
Jefferson to William Duane, March 28, 1811,
ibid.,
Vol. 9, pp. 310-14.

[Hamilton-Burr duel]:
Milton Lomask,
Aaron. Burr
(Farrar, Straus
Sc
Giroux, 1979), pp. 346-55.

[Jefferson on majority rule in his Inaugural Address]:
Ford, Vol. 8, p. 2 (reprinted in abbreviated note form in Ford).

[Coronation of Napoleon]:
Frederic Masson,
Napoleon and His Coronation
(Lippincott, [1907]), pp. 171-240; Vincent Cronin,
Napoleon Bonaparte: An Intimate Biography
(William Morrow, 1972), pp. 246-54.

[
French attack to the east]:
Theodore A. Dodge,
Napoleon,
Vol. 2 in Great Captains series (Houghton Mifflin, 1904).

[British court and politics]:
John Brooke,
King George III
(Constable, 1972).

[Nelson’s victory at Trafalgar]:
David Walder,
Nelson
(Dial Press, 1978), Ch. 33.

[Jefferson on “chance”]:
Jefferson to Barnabus Bidwell, July 5, 1806, quoted in Robert M. Johnstone, Jr.,
Jefferson and the Presidency
(Cornell University Press, 1978), p. 132.

[Jefferson on inexperience of American diplomats]:
cited by Dumas Malone,
Jefferson the President
(Little, Brown, 1970); Vol. 4, p. 299, as Jefferson to Madison, March 19, 1803; cited in
ibid.,
Vol. 5,
Jefferson the President: Second Term, 1805-1809,
p. xviii, as of date of Nov. 19, 1803.

[Barbary pirates]:
Louis B. Wright and Julia H. MacLeod,
The First Americans in North Africa
(Princeton University Press, 1945); Ray W. Irwin,
The Diplomatic Relations of the United States with the Barbary Powers
(University of North Carolina Press, 1931).

[Burr, Wilkinson, and western adventurism]:
Thomas P. Abernethy,
The Burr Conspiracy
(Oxford University Press, 1954); James Ripley Jacobs,
Tarnished Warrior
(Macmillan, 1938); Nathan Schachner,
Aaron Burr
(Frederick A. Stokes, 1937); Isaac J. Cox, “Hispanic American Phases of the ‘Burr Conspiracy,’ ”
Hispanic American Historical Review;
Vol. 12, No. 2 (May 1932), pp. 142-75.

[Frederick Jackson Turner on Wilkinson]:
quoted in John A. Garraty, ed.,
Encyclopedia of American Biography
(Harper & Row, 1974), p. 1204.

[Jefferson’s proclamation against the conspiracy]:
Paul Leicester Ford, ed.,
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
(G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1897), Vol. 8, pp. 481-82 (Nov. 27, 1806).

[The “broken voyage”]:
A. L. Burl,
The United States, Great Britain, and British North America from the Revolution to the Establishment of Peace After the War of 1812
(Yale University Press,
1940), pp. 218-24; see generally Eli F. Heckscher,
The Continental System
(Humphrey Milford, 1922).

[Identifying English deserters on American ships]:
Thomas A. Bailey,
A Diplomatic History of the American People
(F. S. Crofts, 1941), p. 112; James F. Zimmerman,
Impressment of American Seamen
(Longmans, Green, 1925), passim.

[Jefferson on public opinion following the
Chesapeake
incident]:
Jefferson to Du Pont de Nemours, July 14, 1807, cited in Bailey, pp. 116-17; Jefferson to William Duane, July 20, 1807, Ford, Vol. 9, p. 120.

[Jefferson and the embargo]:
Dumas Malone,
Jefferson the President: Second Term, 1805-1809
(Little, Brown, 1974), Ch. 26; Louis Martin Sears,
Jefferson and the Embargo
(Duke University Press, 1927).

[Impact of the embargo and New Hampshire song]:
Bailey, pp. 119-120, quoted from p. 119.