Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews 1430-1950 (74 page)

Notes

ABBREVIATIONS

AJDC - American Joint Distribution Committee

EIE - Elliniki Istoriki Etaireia

ELIA - Elliniko Laografiko kai Istoriko Archeio (Athens)

FO - Foreign Office archives (Public Record Office)

GDM - Geniki Dioikisis Makedonias

IAM - Istorika Archeia Makedonias (Thessaloniki)

IWM - Imperial War Museum

Mertzios -
Mnimeia Makedonikis Istorias
(1947)

NA - U.S. National Archives (Washington, D.C.)

PRO - Public Record Office (London)

UNRRA - United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Agency

Vasdravellis -
Istorika Archeia Makedonias
, I (1952)

YDIP - Yperisia Diacheiriseos Israilitikon Periousion (Jewish Museum of Greece)

Where no place of publication is given, it should be assumed to be Thessaloniki.

Introduction

1.
Italo Calvino,
Invisible Cities
(London 1974), 30–31.

2.
E. Petropoulos,
La présence Ottomane à Salonique
(Athens, 1980), foreword.

3.
L. Sciaky,
Farewell to Salonica
(London, 1946); N. Kokantzis,
Gioconda
(Athens, 2001); A. E. Yalman,
Turkey in My Time
(Norman, Oklahoma, 1956), 11.

4.
P. Risal,
La ville convoitée: Salonique
(Paris, 1914), x.

5.
M. Fischback,
Records of Dispossession: Palestinian Refugee Property and the Arab-Israeli Conflict
(Columbia UP, 2003).

1 / Conquest, 1430

1.
The Mosquito
, 53 (March 1941).

2.
K. Mertzios,
Mnimeia Makedonikis Istorias
(1947), 410.

3.
M.A. Walker,
Through Macedonia to the Albanian Lakes
(1864), 34; J. Murray,
Handbook for Travellers in Greece
(London, 1854), 415; G. Marindin, ed.,
The Letters of John B. S. Morritt of Rokeby
(London, 1914), 158.

4.
H. F. Tozer,
Researches in the Highlands of Turkey
(London, 1869), 1, 149.

5.
On Jews converting thanks to St. Dimitrios, see the fifth-century miracle cited by R. Cormack, “Mosaic decoration of S. Demetrios, Thessaloniki,”
Annual of the British School at Athens
, 64 (1969), 17–52.

6.
Procopius,
De bello gothico
, iii. 14.22–30, cited in S. Vryonis, “The evolution of Slavic society and the Slavic invasions in Greece: the first major Slavic attack on Thessaloniki, AD 597,”
Hesperia: Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens
, 50:4 (Oct.–Dec. 1981), 378–390, quotation from p. 385.

7.
P. Lemerle,
Les plus anciens recueils des miracles de Saint Démétrius
, 1
Le Texte
(Paris, 1979), 134, translated by Vryonis, op. cit., 381–382.

8.
Emphasized by R. Browning, “Byzantine Thessalonike: a unique city?,”
Dialogos
, 1:2 (1995), 91–104.

9.
P. Sugar,
Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804
(Seattle, 1977), 19–22; M. Balivet,
Byzantines et Ottomans: Relations, Interaction, Succession
(Istanbul, 1999), 4; H. Inalcik,
The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age, 1300–1600
(London, 1994).

10.
H. Lowry,
The Nature of the Early Ottoman State
(Albany, NY, 2003).

11.
G. G. Arnakis, “Gregory Palamas among the Turks and documents of his captivity as historical sources,”
Speculum
, 26:1 (Jan. 1951), 104–118.

12.
Balivet,
Byzantines et Ottomans
, 33, 65–69.

13.
Ibid., 39.

14.
“The Travels of Bertrandon de la Brocquiere, AD 1432 and 1433,” in T. Wright, ed.,
Early Travels in Palestine
(London, 1848), 346–347; M. Letts, ed.,
Pero Tafur: Travels and Adventures, 1435–1439
(London, 1926), 126.

15.
G. Tsaras,
I teleftaia alosi tis Thessalonikis
(
1430
) (1985), 50–57, 96, 172; K. Mertzios,
Mnimeia Makedonikis Istorias
(1947), 45–90.

16.
F. Miklosich and J. Müller,
Acta et Diplomata Graeca Medii Aevi
, iii (Vienna, 1865/1968), 282–283.

2 / Mosques and Hamams

1.
“Bertrandon de la Brocquiere,” 347; Tsaras,
I teleftaia alosi
, 62.

2.
M. Kiel, “Notes on some Turkish monuments in Thessaloniki and their founders,”
Balkan Studies
, 11 (1970), 129–131.

3.
Tsaras,
I teleftaia alosi
, 66–67.

4.
E. D. Bodnar, ed.,
Cyriac of Ancona’s Later Travels
(Harvard UP, 2003), xi, 12–13; “The travels of Bertrandon de Brocquiere, AD 1432 and 1433,” in T. Wright, ed.,
Early Travels in Palestine
(London, 1848), 349–355.

5.
M. Vickers, “Cyriac of Ancona at Thessaloniki,”
Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies
2 (1976), 75–82; Vryonis, “Thessaloniki in 1430,” in A. Bryer and H. Lowry,
Continuity and Change in Late Byzantine and Early Ottoman Society
(Birmingham, 1986), 314–315.

6.
Vryonis, “Thessaloniki in 1430,” 299, 316–317.

7.
Bisani,
A Picturesque Tour
, 36; H. F. Tozer,
Researches in the Highlands of Turkey
(London 1869), II, 141.

8.
H. Lowry, “Portrait of a City: The Population and Topography of Ottoman Selanik [Thessaloniki] in the Year 1478,”
Diptycha
, 2 (1980–81), 254–292.

9.
N. Beldiceanu,
Recherche sur la ville Ottomane au XVe siècle
(Paris, 1973), 159–160.

10.
J. de Hammer,
Histoire de l’empire Ottoman depuis son origine jusqu’à nos jours
(original ed. Paris, 1835, new edition Istanbul, 1994), iii, 112; M. Kiel, “Notes on some Turkish monuments in Thessaloniki and their founders,”
Balkan Studies
, 11 (1970), 125.

11.
M. Kiel, “Notes on some Turkish monuments in Thessaloniki and their founders,”
Balkan Studies
, 11 (1970), 132–134.

12.
Ibid., 139–141.

13.
E. Ginio, “ ‘Every soul shall taste death’—Dealing with death and the afterlife in eighteenth century Salonica,”
Studia Islamica
(2001), 113–132.

14.
But on the dating of the
bezesten
, see S. Curcic and E. Hadjitrifonos, eds.,
Secular Medieval Architecture in the Balkans, 1300–1500
(1997), 286–288; T. Stavrides,
The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezier Mahmud Pasha Angelovic
(
1453–1474
) (Brill, 2001), 285–288.

15.
A. Zombou-Asimi, “To Bey Hamami (Loutra Paradeisos) tis Thessalonikis,”
Thessaloniki
, 1 (1995), 341–376; N. Moschopoulos, “I Ellas kata ton Evlia Tselebi,”
Epetiris Etaireias Byzantinon Spoudon
, 16 (1940), 348.

16.
N. Moschopoulos, “I Ellas kata ton Evlia Tselebi,” 337.

17.
S. Tzortzaki-Tzaridou, “Ideikotera provlimata efarmogis tou Otho-manikou yaioktitikou sistimatos sti Makedonias,” in KITh.,
Christianiki Thessaloniki: Othomaniki periodos, 1430–1912
(1994), 259–277, 269–270.

18.
Cited in P. Atreinidou-Kotsaki, “Leitourgia ton bezestenion stin agora tis Othomanikis periodou,”
Makedonika
, 30 (1995–96), 169; V. Dimitriades,
Topografia tis Thessalonikis kata tin tourkratia, 1430–1912
(1983), 180–182; Dimitriades, “Problems of land-owning and population in the area of Gazi Evrenos Bey’s wakf,”
Balkan Studies
, 22:1 (1981), 43–46; Dimitriades, “
Vakifs
along the Via Egnatia,” in E. Zahariadou, ed.,
The Via Egnatia under Ottoman Rule, 1380–1699
(Heraklion 1996), 85–97; H. Pernot, ed.,
Voyage en Turquie et en Grèce du R.P. Robert de Dreux
(Paris, 1925), 35.

19.
I. Vasdravellis,
Istorika archeia Makedonias
, I (1952), 2–5; N. Beldiceanu,
Recherches sur la ville Ottomane au XVe siècle
(Paris, 1973), 144–146.

20.
H. Inalcik,
The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age, 1300–1600
(1973), 70–75.

21.
Ibid.; N. Todorov,
The Balkan City, 1400–1900
(Seattle, 1983), 98.

22.
E. Ginio, “Aspects of Muslim culture in the Ottoman Balkans,” in D. Tziovas, ed.,
Greece and the Balkans: Identities, Perceptions and Cultural Encounters since the Enlightenment
(Ashgate, 2003), 120.

23.
“Viaggio di un ambasciatore veneziano da Venezia a Constantinopoli nel 1591” in L. Firpo, ed.,
Relazioni di ambasciatori veneti al Senato
, XIII (1984), 201.

3 / The Arrival of the Sefardim

1.
N. Moschopoulos, “I Ellas kata ton Evlia Tselebi,”
Epetiris Etaireias Byzantinon Spoudon
, 16 (1940), 321–363.

2.
M. A. Epstein,
The Ottoman Jewish Communities and Their Role in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries
(Freiburg, 1980), 178–180; H. Lowry, “Portrait of a City: the Population and Topography of Ottoman Selanik (Thessaloniki) in the Year 1478,”
Diptycha
, 2 (1980–81), 254–292.

3.
Y. Yerushalmi, “Exile and expulsion in Jewish history,” in B. R. Gampel, ed.,
Crisis and Creativity in the Sephardic World, 1391–1648
(New York, 1998), 3–22. As Yerushalmi notes, Jews had suffered temporary expulsions in France at the end of the twelfth century.

4.
Cited in H. Kamen, “The Mediterranean and the Expulsion of Spanish Jews in 1492,”
Past & Present
, 119 (May 1988), 53–54.

5.
A. Hess, “The Moriscos: an Ottoman fifth column in sixteenth-century Spain,”
American Historical Review
, 74:1 (1968), 1–25.

6.
A. Marx, “The expulsion of the Jews from Spain: two new accounts,” in his
Studies in Jewish History and Booklore
(New York, 1944), 96.

7.
Cited in A. Levy,
The Sephardim in the Ottoman Empire
(Princeton, 1992), 26.

8.
V. Demetriades, “
Vakifs
along the Via Egnatia,” E. Zahariadou, ed.,
The Via Egnatia under Ottoman Rule, 1380–1699
(Rethymnon, 1996), 91; M. A. del Bravo, “The expulsion of Spanish Jews as seen by Christian and Jewish chroniclers,” in I. Hassiotis, ed.,
The Jewish Communities of Southeastern Europe
(1997), 70.

9.
H. Lowry, “Portrait of a city: the population and topography of Ottoman Selanik [Thessaloniki] in the Year 1478,”
Diptycha
, 2 (1980–81), 293; Epstein,
The Ottoman Jewish Communities
, 45–46; E. Ginio, “The administration of criminal justice in Ottoman Selanik [Salonica] during the eighteenth century,”
Turcica
, 30 (1998), 197.

10.
J. Hacker, “Superbe et désespoir: l’existence sociale et spirituelle des Juifs ibériques dans l’empire ottoman,”
Revue historique
, 578 (April–June 1991), 261–295; Yerushalmi, “Exile and Expulsion,” 21.

11.
A. Danon, “La communauté juive de Salonique au XVIe siècle,”
Revue des Etudes Juives
, 40 (1900), 207; M. A. Cohen,
Samuel Usque’s Consolation for the Tribulations of Israel
(New York, 1964), 211–212.