Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews 1430-1950 (76 page)

40.
G. Ziakas, “Pnevmatikos vios kai politismos tis Thessalonikis kata tin periodo tis Othomanikis kyriarchias,”
Christianiki Thessaloniki: Othomaniki periodos, 1430–1912
(1994), 89–167.

41.
E. Ginio, “Childhood, mental capacity and conversion to Islam in the Ottoman state,”
Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies
, 25 (2001), 90–119; for the nineteenth-century evidence, see M. Anastassiadou, “Des musulmans venus d’ailleurs: les ’fils de ‘Abdullah’ dans la Salonique du XIXe siècle,”
Anatolia Moderna
, ix (2000), 113–171.

42.
Vacalopoulos,
The Greek Nation
, 139–140.

43.
H. Inalcik, “The status of the Greek Orthodox patriarch under the Ottomans,”
Turcica
, 21–23 (1991), 406–433; J. Kabrda,
Le Systeme Fiscal de l’Eglise Orthodoxe dans l’Empire Ottoman
(Brno, 1969), 142–143.

44.
S. Runciman,
The Great Church in Captivity
(Cambridge, 1968), 201; S. Senyk, “A man between East and West: Philip Orlyk and Church Life in Thessalonica in the 1720s,”
Orientalia Christiana Periodica
, 60 (1994), 159–185.

45.
Kabrda,
Le Systeme Fiscal
, 139–140; M. Gedeon, “Thessalonikeon palaiai koinotikai dienexeis,”
Makedonika
, 1 (1941–52), 1–24.

46.
“Description de la ville de Salonique, par le père Jean-Baptiste Souciet,”
Lettres Edifiantes et Curieuses
, 495–497.

47.
Senyk, “A man between East and West,” 176.

48.
E.g., H. Pernot, ed.,
Voyage en Turquie et en Grèce du R.P. Robert de Dreux
(Paris, 1925), 98.

49.
Senyk, “A man between East and West,” 170.

50.
I. Vasdravellis,
Istorika Archeia Makedonias
, I (1952), 42–43; Senyk, “A man between East and West,” 174–175.

51.
I. Anastasiou, “Oi neomartyres tis Thessalonikis,”
Thessaloniki
, 1 (1995), 485–500.

52.
New Martyrs of the Turkish Yoke
(Seattle, 1985), 284–285.

53.
M. L. Aimé-Martin, ed.,
Lettres Édifiantes et Curieuses concernant l’Asie, L’Afrique et l’Amerique
, I (Paris, 1875), 94;
New Martyrs of the Turkish Yoke
, translated by L. J. Papadopoulos, G. Lizardos et al. (Seattle, 1985), 251.

54.
New Martyrs of the Turkish Yoke
, 284.

55.
Ibid, 138–144, 234–235.

56.
Senyk, “A man between East and West,” 184.

57.
H. T. Norris, “The history of Shaykh Muhammad Lutfi Baba and Shaykh Ahmad Sirri Baba,” in his
Islam in the Balkans
(London, 1993), 218–227.

5 / Janissaries and Other Plagues

1.
E. M. Cousinéry,
Voyage dans la Macédoine
, 1 (Paris, 1831), 45.

2.
Moutsopoulos, “Evliya,” 333; K. Mertzios,
Mnimeia Makedonikis Istorias
(1947), 104–106, 142; M. Kiel, “A note on the exact date of construction of the White Tower of Thessaloniki,”
Balkan Studies
, 14:2 (1973), 352–357.

3.
K. Vasdravellis,
Istorika Archeia Makedonias
, vol
.
1:
Archeion Thessalonikis, 1695–1912
(1952), 200–202; C.S. Sonnini,
Voyage en Grèce et en Turquie
(Paris, 1801), ii, 365; J. J. Best,
Excursions in Albania, Comprising a Description of the Wild Boar, Deer and Woodcock Shooting in that Country; and a Journey from Thence to Thessalonica and Constantinople and up the Danube to Pest
(London, 1842), 205–206.

4.
Anon., “De Salonique a Belgrade,”
Revue des Deux Mondes
, 85 (1888), 109; W. M. Leake,
Travels in Northern Greece
(London, 1835), iii, 235; FO 195/685, Calvert-Constantinople, 24 June 1861; E. Ginio, “Migrants and workers in an Ottoman port: Ottoman Salonica in the eighteenth century,” in E. Rogan, ed.,
Outside In: On the Margins of the Modern Middle East
(London, 2002), 126–148.

5.
N. Svoronos,
Le commerce de Salonique au XVIIIe siècle
(Paris, 1956), 26.

6.
N. Svoronos,
Le commerce de Salonique
, 44–45; Mertzios, 437, 451.

7.
Mertzios 409; D. Iliadou,
Inventaire des documents des archives de la Chambre de Commerce de Marseille: Lemme Salonique
(
XVIIe–XVIIIe siècles
) (1981), 94; Leake,
Travels in Northern Greece
, III:I, 257.

8.
Mertzios, 419.

9.
Ibid., 323, 383–385.

10.
Ibid., 413; D. Iliadou,
Inventaire
, 93–94.

11.
P. Rycaut,
The Present State of the Ottoman Empire
(1668), 196–197.

12.
Memoirs of the Baron de Tott on the Turks and the Tartars Translated from the French by an English Gentleman at Paris
(London, 1785), ii, 368.

13.
Iliadou,
Inventaire
, 42; Mertzios, 448; Arasy in M. Lascaris, “Salonique à la fin du XVIII siècle,”
Les Balkans
, 10:iii (1938), 46;
Memoirs of the Baron de Tott
, ii, 369; Mertzios, 458–459.

14.
Bisani,
Picturesque Tour
, 43.

15.
Mertzios, 319.

16.
Ibid., 343, 352–356.

17.
Ibid., 392.

18.
R. Dankoff and R. Elsie, eds.,
Evliya Çelebi in Albania and Adjacent Regions
(
Kosovo, Montenegro, Ohrid
) (Leiden, 2000), 45.

19.
Lascaris, “Relation des troubles qui regnent aux environs de Salonique,” 391.

20.
E. Ginio, “Migrant workers in an Ottoman port: Ottoman Salonica in the eighteenth century,” E. Rogan, ed.,
Outside In: On the Margins of the Modern Middle East
(London, 2002), 136.

21.
Lascaris, “Relation des troubles qui regnent aux environs de Salonique,” 37–41; N. Svoronos,
Le commerce de Salonique au XVIIIe siècle
(Paris, 1956), 8–9.

22.
Sonnini,
Voyage en Grèce
, ii, 369.

23.
Mertzios, 462; Ginio, “Migrants and workers,” 141.

24.
M. J. Zallony, “Essay on the Fanariotes,” in C. Swan,
Journal of a Voyage up the Mediterranean
(London, 1826), ii, 416–417.

25.
K. Vasdravellis,
Istorika Archeia Makedonias
, vol. 1:
Archeion Thessalonikis, 1695–1912
(1952), 111–112; E. Ginio, “The administration of Criminal Justice in Ottoman Selanik (Salonica) during the Eighteenth Century,”
Turcica
, 30 (1998), 185–209, here 202–203.

26.
E. S. Forster, ed.,
The Turkish Letters of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq
(New York, 1927), 102; E. Brown,
A Brief Account of some Travels in Hungaria, Servia, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Thessaly, Austria etc. etc.
(New York, 1971), 74–75; Mertzios, 429; Iliadou,
Inventaire
, 27.

27.
Mertzios, 290; K. Vasdravellis,
Istorika Archeia
, 291–294.

28.
Mertzios, 395, 412–413; K. Vasdravellis,
Istorika Archeia
, 154–155; Iliadou,
Inventaire
, 8; Svoronos,
Commerce
, 157.

29.
E. Ginio, “Living on the margins of charity: coping with poverty in an Ottoman provincial city,” in M. Bonner et al.,
Poverty and Charity in Middle Eastern Contexts
(SUNY, 2003), 170; Ginio, “Migrants and workers,” 138.

30.
Mertzios, 412–413; O. Subtelny, ed.,
The Diariusz Podrozny
, 213–217.

31.
E. Ginio, “Aspects of Muslim culture in the Ottoman Balkans,” in D. Tziovas, ed.,
Greece and the Balkans: Identities, Perceptions and Cultural Encounters since the Enlightenment
(Ashgate, 2003), 121.

32.
On the Shah of Persia’s brother, Mertzios, 286; On Sherif of Mecca, K. Vakalopoulos, “Pos eidan oi evropaioi tin katastasi sti Makedonia ton perasmeno aiona,”
Makedonika
, 20 (1980), 73, and G. de Gaury,
Rulers of Mecca
(New York, 1954), 206–207, 238, 241.

33.
O. Subtelny, ed.,
The Diariusz Podrozny
, xvii–xxx; K. Vasdravellis,
Istorika Archeia
, 169.

34.
M. G. Brennan, ed.,
The Travel Diary of Robert Bargrave Levant Merchant
(
1647–1656
) (London, 1999), 87.

35.
The Negotiations of Sir Thomas Roe in his Embassy to the Ottoman Porte from the Year 1621 to 1628 Inclusive
(London, 1740), 420–444; Bisani, 36; D. Panzac,
Population et Santé dans l’Empire Ottoman
(
XVIIIe–XXe siècles
) (Istanbul, 1996), 35.

36.
Mertzios, 304–307; A. Vacalopoulos,
A History of Thessaloniki
(1993), 106; D. Panzac,
La peste dans l’Empire Ottoman, 1700–1850
(Louvain, 1985), 215, 359.

37.
O. Subtelny, ed.,
The Diariusz Podrozny
, 507.

38.
Lettres Edifiantes et Curieuses
, II, 27–28, gives an account of negotiations between city-dwellers and villagers during a prior outbreak of plague.

39.
Mertzios, 323–326, 426–427; Brennan,
Robert Bargrave
, 87.

40.
J. Howard,
An Account of the Principal Lazarettos in Europe
(London, 1791), 64–65; Mertzios, 426.

6 / Commerce and the Greeks

1.
Mertzios,
Mnimeia
453.

2.
D. Hemmerdiner-Iliadou, “Thessalonique en 1726: (La relation du moine russe Basile Barskij),”
Balkan Studies
, 2:2 (1961), 294–295.

3.
V. Aksan,
An Ottoman Statesman in War and Peace: Ahmed Resmi Effendi, 1700–1783
(Brill, 1991), 39; H. Holland,
Travels in the Ionian Islands, Albania, Thessaly, Macedonia etc. during the Years 1812 and 1813
(London, 1815), 310.

4.
Figures from F. Beaujour,
A View of the Commerce of Greece
(London, 1800); V. Aksan,
An Ottoman Statesman in War and Peace
, 40; D. Panzac, “International and domestic maritime trade in the Ottoman empire during the 18th century,”
IJMES
, 24:2 (May 1992), 189–206.

5.
Mertzios, 305–306.

6.
Nehama,
Histoire des Israélites de Salonique
, VI–VII, 318–320.

7.
E. M. Cousinéry,
Voyage dans la Macédoine
(Paris, 1831), I, 156–157; Beaujour, 241–243, 383–384.

8.
N. Svoronos,
Le Commerce de Salonique au XVIIIe siècle
(1956), 347; W. M. Leake,
Travels in Northern Greece
, III:1 (London, 1835), 249.

9.
S. Lambros, “To en Thessaloniki Venetikon proxeneion kai to meta tis Makedonias emporion ton Veneton,”
Makedonikon Imerologion
(1912), 227–241.

10.
J. Galt,
Voyages and Travels in the Years 1809, 1810 and 1811
(London, 1812), 235; H. Holland,
Travels in the Ionian Islands
, 319–323; Mertzios, 351.