Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews 1430-1950 (79 page)

1.
F. Moore,
The Balkan Trail
(London, 1906), 90; P. Risal,
La ville convoitée: Salonique
(Paris, 1914), 352.

2.
E. Isambert,
Itinéraire
, xx; D. Urquhart,
The Spirit of the East
(London, 1838), ii, 61; Choisy,
L’Asie Mineure
, 1–2.

3.
J. Field,
America and the Mediterranean World, 1776–1882
(Princeton, 1969), 187; C. G. Pitcairn Jones,
Piracy in the Levant, 1827–28: Selected from the papers of Admiral Sir Edward Codrington
(London, 1934), 138; T-46/9 (Despatches from US Ministers to Turkey, 1818–1906), vii, Porter-Washington, 10 Aug. 1833; ibid., 12 Sept. 1834.

4.
E. Toledano,
Slavery and Abolition in the Ottoman Middle East
(Princeton, 1998), ch. 1.

5.
Mary Adelaide Walker cited by B. Gounaris,
Steam over Macedonia, 1870–1912
(Columbia UP, 1993), 35; J. Baker,
Turkey
(New York, 1877), 389.

6.
K. Tomanas,
Chroniko tis Thessalonikis 1875–1920
(1995), 69, 77; Paul Lindau cited in P. K. Enepekidis,
I Thessaloniki sta chronia 1875–1912
(1988), 316–317.

7.
W. Miller,
Travels and Politics in the Near East
(London, 1898), 363.

8.
B. Gounaris,
Steam over Macedonia
, 35–58.

9.
J. Baker,
Turkey
, 392; M. Anastassiadou,
Salonique, 1830–1912: Une ville ottomane à l’âge des Réformes
(Brill, 1997), 100.

10.
A. Boué,
Receuil d’Itinéraires dans la Turquie d’Europe
(Vienna, 1854), 154.

11.
R. Molho, “ ‘Le Cercle de Salonique’ 1873–1958: Leschi thessalonikeon: symvoli sti meleti tis astikis taxis tis Thessalonikis,” in Etaireia Meletis Ellinikou Evraismou,
Oi Evraioi ston elliniko choro: zitimata istorias sta makra diarkeia
(Athens, 1995), 103–131.

12.
R. Molho,
Oi evraioi tis Thessalonikis, 1856–1919
(Athens, 2001), 82–84.

13.
H. Collinson Owen,
Salonica and After
(London, 1919), 83.

14.
V. Gounaris, “Thessaloniki, 1830–1912: History, economy and society,” in I. Hassiotis, ed.,
Queen of the Worthy: Thessaloniki, History and Culture
(1997), 118.

15.
P. Valsamides, “Ta tourkika scholeia sto santzaki tis Thessalonikis kata to 1901–1911,”
Makedonika
(1997–98), 345–355.

16.
Anastassiadou,
Salonique, 1830–1912
, 260–264; L. Sciaky,
Farewell to Salonica
(1946), 145, 152.

17.
Enepekidis, 319–320; F. Blunt,
My Reminiscences;
E. Adler,
Jews in Many Lands
(Philadelphia, 1905), 141.

18.
Risal,
La ville convoitée
, 352–353; “Sita,”
The Cornhill Magazine
(April 1917), 451–460.

19.
A. Themopoulou, “Epidimies sti Thessaloniki,” EIE,
IZ’ Panellinio Istoriko Synedrio: Praktika
(1997), 286–300; Vasdravellis,
Istorika Archeia
, 389, 421.

20.
R. Arthur Arnold,
From the Levant
(1868), 327.

21.
Enepekidis,
Thessalonikis
, 353.

22.
Journal de Salonique
, 21 Sept. 1896.

23.
“Les noms des Rues,”
Journal de Salonique
, 26 May 1898.

24.
P. Kokkas, “I oikoyeneia Garbolas kai i proti elliniki efimerida tis Thessalonikis,”
Makedonika
, 21 (1984), 234.

25.
A. Yerolympou and V. Colonas, “Mia kosmopolitiki poleodomia,” in G. Veinstein, ed.,
Thessaloniki, 1850–1918
(1994), 174.

26.
Ibid.

27.
Journal de Salonique
, 23 July 1896.

28.
Journal de Salonique
, 28 Dec. 1896.

29.
Journal de Salonique
, 23 July 1896.

30.
Journal de Salonique
, 20 July 1896.

31.
Journal de Salonique
, 27 July 1896.

32.
Journal de Salonique
, 26 Oct. 1896; A. Karadimou-Yerolympou, “O typos kai i diamorphosi mias ‘syneidisi tis polis’ sta teli tou 19ou aiona,” KIS,
I neoteri istoria tis Thessalonikis kai o typos
(1993), 116.

33.
Journal de Salonique
, 24 August 1896;
Tamarix
, 3 (March 1997): “To kats mechri telikis ptoseos.”

34.
Molho,
Oi evraioi
, 117–120.

35.
Tomanas,
Chroniko tis Thessalonikis, 1875–1920
, 104.

36.
Tomanas,
Chroniko tis Thessalonikis, 1875–1920
, 77–78.

37.
Tomanas,
Chroniko tis Thessalonikis, 1875–1920
, 104; Enepekidis,
Thessaloniki
, 342.

12 / 
The Macedonia Question, 1878–1908

1.
N. Berkes,
The Development of Secularism in Turkey
(London, 1964/1998), 158; P. Risal,
La ville convoitée
(Paris, 1914), x, 203; “Les races sont des troupeaux,”
La Solidaridad Ovradera
, 2 June 1911, cited in N. Cohen-Rak, “Salonique en 1911 à travers
La Solidaridad Ovradera
,”
Revue des Études Juives
, CXL VIII (July–Dec. 1989), 477–485.

2.
Fraser, “Adrianople, Salonika and Monastir,” 149; Abbott,
Tale of a Tour
, 21–22; anon., “De Salonique à Belgrade,” 114–115; de Meester, “Voyage,” 20.

3.
Choisy,
L’Asie Mineure
, 22; Mackenzie and Irby,
Travels
, 69.

4.
Braun-Wiesbaden,
Eine türkische Reise
, 213–214.

5.
H. N. Brailsford,
Macedonia: Its Races and their Future
(London, 1906), 103, 184–185.

6.
FO 195/649, Calvert-Constantinople, 24 March 1860; 195/685, 10 June 1861.

7.
H. Layard,
Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana and Babylonia
(London, 1887), ii, 379–380.

8.
D. Dakin,
The Greek Struggle in Macedonia, 1897–1913
(Thessaloniki, 1966), 14–16; V. Papageorgiou, “Oi mikres ethnikes koinotites sti disi tis othomanikis Thessalonikis,”
EIE, IZ’ Panellinio Istoriko Synedrio: Praktika
(1997), 297–316.

9.
Cited in FO 195/1324,
Ermis
, 1 Oct. 1880; Ch. Kaldaras, “Symvoli sti meleti tis drasis tou Genikou Proxeniou Thessalonikis Petrou Logotheti (1881–1885),”
EIE: Praktika
(1994), 414–432.

10.
FO 195/1007, Blunt-Elliot, 11 Nov. 1872; Blunt-Elliott, 28 Nov. 1874; FO 195/1196, Wilkinson-Layard, 15 July 1878.

11.
F. Blunt,
My Reminiscences
(London, 1918), 149.

12.
FO 195/1322, “Letter from Captive Col. Synge.”

13.
“Details concerning the release of Colonel Synge, captured more than twenty years ago by the Greek band of Captain Nico in the district of Caterini, Salonica,”
FRUS 1902
(Washington, 1903), 1012–1013.

14.
“Brigandage in Macedonia,”
Appleton’s Journal: A Magazine of General Literature
(Nov. 1881), 469–472.

15.
FO 78/1939, Wilkinson-London, 14 May 1866.

16.
R. B. Woods, “Terrorism in the Age of Roosevelt: The Miss Stone Affair, 1901–1902,”
American Quarterly
, 31:4 (Autumn 1979), 478–495; T. Carpenter,
The Miss Stone Affair: America’s First Modern Hostage Crisis
(NY, 2003); L. B. Sherman,
Fires on the Mountain
(Boulder, Colo., 1980).

17.
D. Livanios, “Bulgar-Yugoslav controversy over Macedonia and the British connection, 1939–1949,” D. Phil. thesis, Oxford 1995, pp. 17–20; V. Vlasidis, “I avtonomisi tis Makedonias: apo tin theoria stin praxi,” in V. Gounaris et al., ed.,
Taftotites sti Makedonia
(Athens, 1997), 63–89.

18.
G. Megas,
Oi
“
Varkarades
”
tis Thessalonikis: I anarchiki voulgariki omada kai oi vomvistikes energeies tou 1903
(1994), 47–51.

19.
Steeg—Paris, 7 May 1903, in Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,
Macedonia: Documents and Materials
(Sofia, 1978), 483–490.

20.
On the mosque plot, Brailsford,
Macedonia
, 135–136; I. Banac,
With Stalin against Tito: Cominformist Splits in Yugoslav Communism
(Cornell, 1988), 198.

21.
“Odysseus,”
Turkey in Europe
(London, 1900), 344; Brailsford,
Macedonia
, 102; Figures in Livanios, “Bulgar-Yugoslav controversy over Macedonia,” 7.

22.
J. Koliopoulos, “Brigandage and insurgency in the Greek domains,” in D. Gondicas and C. Issawi, eds.,
Ottoman Greeks in the Age of Nationalism
(Princeton, 1999), 143–160.

23.
Zannas,
O Makedonikos Agonas
, 39; Brailsford,
Macedonia
, 218.

24.
A. Souliotis-Nikolaides,
Apomnimonevmata
(1959), 43–45.

13 / 
The Young Turk Revolution

1.
I. and M. Orga,
Ataturk
(1962), 9–47.

2.
FO 195/2297, Lamb-O’Connor, 28 March 1908, Lamb-Barclay, 2 May 1908.

3.
Ibid., Lamb-Barclay, 12 June 1908, 10 July 1908.

4.
A. Sarrou,
La Jeune Turquie et la Révolution
(Paris, 1912), 19–21.

5.
FO 195/2298, Lamb-Barclay, 24 July 1908.

6.
A. Sarrou,
La Jeune Turquie et la Révolution
, 25.

7.
FO 195/2298,
Yeni Asir
, 1 Sept. 1908; 195/2328 Lamb-Lowther, 21 April 1909.

8.
Ibid., Lamb-Lowther, 29 April 1909.

9.
F. McCullagh,
The Fall of Abd-ul-Hamid
(London, 1910), 274–277.

10.
K. A. Vakalopoulos,
Neoturkoi kai Makedonia
(
1908–1912
) (1988), 282; R. Olson, “The Young Turks and the Jews: A Historiographical Revision,”
Turcica: Revue d’Etudes Turques
, xviii (1986), 219–235.

11.
K. A. Vakalopoulos,
Neoturkoi kai Makedonia
(
1908–1912
), 246–247, 297.

12.
J. Landau,
Tekinalp, Turkish Patriot, 1883–1961
(Istanbul, 1984), 91–107; S. J. Shaw and E. K. Shaw,
History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
, Vol. II:
Reform, Revolution and Republic: the Rise of Modern Turkey, 1808–1975
(Cambridge, 1977), 301.