Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews 1430-1950 (82 page)

3.
Ibid., 112–113.

4.
Tomanas,
Chroniko
, 131–132.

5.
E. Counio-Amariglio,
Peninta chronia meta …
(1995), chapter 1.

6.
Dimitriades, “
Foinix Agiros
,” 134–135.

7.
Tomanas,
Tavernes
, 121–122.

8.
Dimitriades, “
Foinix Agiros
,” 158–164.

9.
Bunis,
Voices from Jewish Salonika
(Jerusalem, 1999), 45; 288–289.

10.
E. Avdela, “Thessaloniki: o sosialismos ton ‘allon’ ”,
Ta Istorika
(June–Dec. 1993), 189; Dangas,
Hafies
, 73 n. 33.

11.
Efimeris ton Valkanion
, 29 May 1925.

12.
N. Casey, IWM ms. 80/40/1, page 38. My thanks to Joanna Bourke for bringing this remarkable document to my attention.

13.
Dimitriades, “
Foinix Agiros
,” 35–37.

14.
IAM/GD V. Ellados, B/26/1: various documents.

15.
G. Ioannou,
Protevousa ton prosfygon
, 15.

16.
Efimeris ton Valkanion
, 1 April 1925.

17.
Efimeris ton Valkanion
, 30 April 1925.

18.
M. Vamvakaris,
Avtoviografia
, ed. A. Vellou-Kail (1978), 164–165.

19.
“Litaneia.” In G. Holst,
Road to Rembetika
(Athens, 1975), 110–112. I have adapted the translation.

20.
Dimitriades, “
Foinix Agiros
,” 87.

21.
Bunis,
Voices
, 330.

22.
Ibid., 294–297, 334–335.

23.
Ibid., 278.

24.
Ibid., 326, n.75.

25.
Dimitriades, 87 seq.

26.
Bunis, 117, 325.

27.
Tomanas,
Katoikoi
, 130–131; Dimitriades, “
Foinix Agiros
” 143–144.

21 / 
Greeks and Jews

1.
Bunis,
Voices
, 119.

2.
E. Morin,
Vidal et les siens
(Paris, 1989), 87.

3.
M. Levene,
War, Jews and the New Europe: The Diplomacy of Lucien Wolf, 1914–1919
(Oxford, 1992), 171–173.

4.
Text in F. Constantopoulou and T. Veremis, eds.,
Documents on the History of Greek Jews
(Athens, 1998), 103–110.

5.
A. Nar, “I theatriki drastiriotita ton Evraion tis Thessalonikis mesa apo ta dimosievmata tou typou tous,” in his “
Keimena epi aktis thalassas
”:
meletes kai arthra yia tin Evraiki Koinotita tis Thessalonikis
(1997), 205.

6.
Bunis,
Voices
, 120–121.

7.
F. Constantopoulou and T. Veremis, eds.,
Documents
, 127.

8.
Ibid.

9.
Ibid., 174.

10.
S. Raphael, “The longing for Zion in Judeo-Spanish [Ladino] poetry,” M. Rozen, ed.,
The Jews in Turkey and the Balkans, 1808–1945
(Tel Aviv, 2002), 217.

11.
M. Vassilikou, “Politics of the Jewish Community of Salonika in the Inter-War Years: Party Ideologies and Party Competition,” D. Phil. thesis, UCL (Oct. 1999), 158–159, has a good discussion; for 20,000 in Paris, see I. Skourtis, “Metanastefsi ton Evraion tis Thessalonikis sti Gallia,”
Makedonika
, 243; other figures in N. Abravanel, “Paris et le séphardisme ou l’affirmation sépharadiste à Paris dans les années trente,” in W. Busse, ed.,
Sephardica: Hommage à Haim Vidal Sephiha
(Frankfurt, 1996), 497–523; see also Gennadios Library, Dragoumis Papers: 38:2 (General Directorate of Macedonia: Jews/Thessaloniki [1932–35]).

12.
Gennadios Library, Dragoumis Papers: 38:2, memo from Press Office, 13 Dec. 1932.

13.
Constantopoulou and Veremis, eds.,
Documents
, 222–223; 231.

14.
Vassilikou, 277–285; Bunis,
Voices from Jewish Salonika
, 271.

15.
P. Dumont, “La correspondance du Joseph Nehama avec l’Alliance Israélite Universelle,” in
Oi Evraioi ston Elliniko Horo
(1995), 131–146; Vassilikou, 200–205.

16.
B. Pierron, “Histoire des relations entre les Grecs et les Juifs de 1821 à 1945,” Thése de doctorat, INALCO, Paris, Oct. 1993, 598; K. Foundanopoulos, “I glossa tou syndikalismou: ta katastatika ton ergatikon somateion tis Thessalonikis (1914–1936),”
Ta Istorika
, 18–19 (June–Dec. 1993), 205–227.

17.
Cited in G. Mavrogordatos,
Stillborn Republic: Social Coalitions and Party Strategies in Greece, 1922–1936
(California, 1983), 238–239.

18.
Venizelos cited in Pierron, 569.

19.
Pierron, 558–560.

20.
G. Mavrogordatos,
Stillborn Republic
, 260.

21.
Pierron, 574–575.

22.
Avdela, “Thessaloniki: o socialismos ton ‘allon,’ ” 199–200.

23.
Pierron, 668 seq.; P. Constantopoulou and T. Veremis, eds.,
Documents
, 142.

24.
Vassilikou, 96–98; text in Pierron, 688–689.

25.
Pierron, 697.

26.
Ibid., 716–718.

27.
Ibid., 705.

28.
See K. Tomanas,
Oi katoikoi tia palias Thessalonikis
, 48–50; Dim. Sfaellos archive, “EEE” file, ELIA; Mavrogordatos,
Stillborn Republic
, 258.

29.
T. Tsironis, “I organosis Ethniki Enosis ‘I Ellas’ sti Thessaloniki tou mesopolemou (1927–1936),”
Thessaloniki
, 6 (2002).

30.
Constantopoulou and Veremis, 175–192.

31.
Articles in
To Fos
, 4 April 1933, and
Le Progres
, 3–4 April 1933.

32.
G. Mavrogordatos,
Stillborn Republic
, 231.

33.
On anti-Venizelist strategies, see G. Mavrogordatos,
Stillborn Republic
, 203–214.

34.
D. Benbassat-Benby, “Haim ‘la sousta,’ ”
L’Arche
(Feb. 1998), 59.

35.
A. Brouskou, “Evraies trofoi sto christianiko vrefokomio ‘Ayios Stylianos’ stis arches tou 200u aiona,” in
Oi evraioi ston elliniko choro
, 33–42; E. Counio-Amariglio and A. Nar, eds.,
Proforikes martyries evraion tis Thessalonikis yia to Olokavtoma
(1998), 54; A. Dangas,
Symvoli
, 529–571.

36.
A. Karathanassis, “The relations between the Jewish community and Metropolitan Gennadios of Thessaloniki (1912–1951),” in I. Hassiotis, ed.,
The Jewish Communities of Southeastern Europe from the 15th Century to the End of World War II
(1997), 223–228; E. Counio-Amariglio and A. Nar, 188, 316.

37.
F. Ambatzopoulou, “The image of the Jew in the literature of Salonika,” in P. Mackridge and E. Yannakakis, eds.,
The Development of a Greek Macedonian Cultural Identity since 1912
(New York), 220–221.

22 / 
Genocide

1.
Kentro Istorias Thessalonikis,
Thessaloniki, 1917–1967: I taftotita tis polis mesa apo to Dimotiko Archeio
(1995), 51; V. Gounaris and P. Papapoliviou, eds.,
O foros tou aimatos stin katochiki Thessaloniki: xeni kyriarchia-antistasi kai epiviosi
(2001), 17.

2.
E. Drosaki,
En Thessaloniki …
(1985), 44, 57.

3.
H. V. Sephiha, “Dernier Pessah à Salonique (1942)” in
Société des études juives
, 465–470; Archives Diplomatiques, Nantes. Box 33 (Salonique): “Situation en Grèce du Nord,” 28 Oct. 1941.

4.
FO 371/33175 R 610/281, “Conditions in Salonica,” 7 January 1942.

5.
Monthly births and deaths from Red Cross sources in FO 371/42366 W13768/75, Mallet-London, 15 Sept. 1944; cf. the similar figures provided in Gounaris and Papapolyviou, eds.,
Foros tou aimatos
, 138–141.

6.
Rosenberg-Bormann, 23 April 1941 in FO 645, box 303/USA-371 [IWM]. M. Molho,
In Memoriam: Hommage aux Victimes Juives des Nazis en Grèce
(1973), 67.

7.
M. Molho,
In Memoriam:
47–51; Bundesarchiv Koblenz, NS 30/75, “Abschlussbericht,” 15 Nov. 1941.

8.
On Himmler, H. Fleischer,
Stemma kai swastika
(Athens, 1995), ii, 303.

9.
Apogevmatini
, 11 July 1942.

10.
D. Carpi, ed.,
Italian Diplomatic Documents on the History of the Holocaust in Greece
(
1941–1943
), (Tel Aviv, 1999), 82.

11.
Kammonas in Pierron, 865–866;
Apoyevmatini
, 16–22 October 1942, 9 November 1942; Yiacoel, 87.

12.
On Fardis, see Special War Crimes Court Martial (Athens),
Praktika
, 11 Feb–5 March 1959, testimony of Coen, pp. 31–33.

13.
Zentrale Stelle der Landesjustizverwaltungen (Ludwigsburg): AR-Z 139/59 (Merten proceedings), B13–420, pp. 260–262 is the most thorough account; Molho,
In Memoriam
, 70–71.

14.
Molho,
In Memoriam
383–385; Yiacoel, 72–75

15.
M. Novich,
The Passage of the Barbarians
(Hull, 1989), 56–57.

16.
Yiacoel, 58, 75–76; Molho,
In Memoriam
, 386; Special War Crimes Court Martial (Athens),
Praktika
, 11 Feb–5 March 1959, testimony of Kyriakides, pp. 94–96.

17.
C. Browning,
The Origins of the Final Solution
(London, 2004).

18.
Politisches Archiv Auswärtiges Amt (PAAA) (Bonn), “Judenfrage in Griechenland: 1941–1943,” R 100870, Suhr-Rademacher, 11 July 1942; D. Carpi, ed.,
Italian Diplomatic Documents
, 69–72.

19.
Yiacoel, 82; Wisliceny affidavit, 611; PAAA “Judenfrage in Griechenland: 1941–1943,” R 100870/057, Luther-Athens, 25 January 1943; ibid., 059, Altenburg-Berlin, 26 Jan. 1943.

20.
Molho,
In Memoriam
, 76–80.

21.
Apoyevmatini
, 25 Feb 1943.

22.
Praktika
, 70, 82, 108 (see note 12).

23.
J. Stroumsa,
Geiger in Auschwitz: Ein jüdisches Überlebensschicksal aus Saloniki 1941–1967
(Konstanz, 1993), 36–37.