The Case for God (63 page)

48.
Ibid., p. 341.

49.
Ibid., pp. 333–34.

50.
Ward,
Robert Elsmere
(Lincoln, Neb., 1969), p. 414.

51.
Moore, “Geologists and Interpreters of Genesis,” p. 341.

52.
James R. Moore,
The Post-Darwinian Controversies: A Study of the Protestant Struggle to Come to Terms with Darwin in Great Britain and America
(Cambridge, U.K., 1979), 95; Frank M. Turner, “The Victorian Conflict Between Science and Religion: A Professional Dimension,”
Isis
69 (1978).

53.
Moore, “Geologists and Interpreters of Genesis,” pp. 342–43.

54.
Archibald Hodge and B. B. Warfield, “Inspiration,”
Princeton Review
2, 11 April 1881.

55.
New York Times
, 5 April 1894.

56.
New York Times
, 18 April 1899.

57.
Union Seminary Magazine
19 (1907–8).

58.
Buckley,
Origins of Modern Atheism
, p. 10; Owen Chadwick,
The Secularization of the European Mind in the Nineteenth Century
(Cambridge, U.K., 1975), pp. 90–91.

59.
Hypatia Bradlaugh Bonner,
Charles Bradlaugh: A Record of His Life and Work by His Daughter
(London, 1908), p. 337.

60.
Adrian Desmond,
Huxley: The Devil’s Disciple
(London, 1994), p. 373.

61.
Thomas H. Huxley,
Science and Christian Tradition: Essays
(New York, 1898), pp. 245–46.

62.
Quoted in Peter Gay,
A Godless Jew: Freud, Atheism and the Making of Psychoanalysis
(New Haven, Conn., and London, 1975), pp. 6–7.

63.
Ibid., p. 240.

64.
Robert G. Ingersoll, “Individuality” (1873), in
The Works of Robert G. Ingersoll
, 3 vols. (New York, 1909), 1:192.

65.
Charles Eliot Norton to Godwin Smith, 14 June 1997, in Sara Norton and M. A. DeWolfe, eds.,
Letters of Charles Eliot Norton with Biographical Comment
, 2 vols. (Boston, 1913), 2:248.

66.
Joel Moody, “Science of Evil,” excerpted in
The Iconoclast
2, no. 16 (1871); Turner,
Without God
, p. 218.

67.
Ingersoll, “The Great Infidels” (1881), in
Works
, 3:309.

68.
John William Draper,
History of the Conflict Between Religion and Science
(New York, 1874), p. 367.

69.
Andrew Dixon White,
A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom
, 2 vols. (New York, 1896), 1:8; White’s italics.

70.
Ibid., 1:325.

71.
J. R. Lucas, “Wilberforce and Huxley: A Legendary Encounter,”
The Historical Journal
22 (1979).

72.
Turner,
Without God
, pp. 219–20.

73.
J. S. Mill, “Theism,” in
Three Essays on Religion
(London, 1975), p. 204.

74.
Ingersoll, “The Gods” (1872), in
Works, 1
:22.

75.
Chadwick,
Secularization of the European Mind
, p. 168.

76.
Ibid., pp. 168–80.

77.
Ibid., p. 179.

78.
Arnold, “Dover Beach,” lines 25, 14, 32–37, in
Arnold: Poetical Works
, ed. C. B. Tinker and H. F. Lowry (Oxford, 1945).

79.
Hyman, “Atheism in Modern History,” pp. 37–38; John D. Caputo, “Atheism, A/theology, and the Postmodern Condition,” in Martin,
Companion to Atheism
, pp. 270–71; Buckley,
Origins of Modern Atheism
, pp. 28–30; Buckley, “God as the Anti-human,” pp. 89–94; Tarnas,
Passion of the Western Mind
, pp. 317, 367–71; McGrath,
Twilight of Atheism
, pp. 149–51.

80.
Friedrich Nietzsche,
The Gay Science
, trans. Walter Kaufman (New York, 1974), p. 181.

81.
Ibid., p. 279.

82.
Ibid., p. 181.

83.
Gay,
Godless Jew
, passim; Tarnas,
Passion of the Western Mind
, pp. 328–29; Buckley, “God as the Anti-human,” pp. 92–93; “The Radical Finitude,” pp. 105–7; McGrath,
Twilight of Atheism
, pp. 67–77.

84.
Gay,
Godless Jew
, pp. 37–50.

85.
Sigmund Freud,
The Future of an Illusion
, trans. and ed. James Strachey (New York, 1961), p. 53.

86.
Sigmund Freud,
Civilization and Its Discontents
, trans. and ed. James Strachey (New York, 1961), p. 21.

87.
McGrath,
Twilight of Atheism
, p. 75.

88.
Ingersoll, “The Gods,” 1:58.

89.
Ibid., pp. 57–58.

90.
Speech of L. T. Brown, M.D., quoted in Turner,
Without God
, p. 237.

91.
Mill, “Theism,” pp. 256–57.

92.
I. F. Clarke,
Voices Prophesying War: Future Wars, 1763-3749
. 2nd ed. (Oxford and New York, 1992), pp. 37–88.

93.
Thomas Hardy, “The Darkling Thrush,” lines 25–32, in John Wain, ed.,
Selected Shorter Poems of Thomas Hardy
(London, 1966).

1.
Richard Tarnas,
The Passion of the Western Mind: Understanding the Ideas

2.
That Have Shaped Our World View
(London, 1991) p. 356. 2. Ronald W. Clark,
Einstein: The Life and Times
(New York, 1971), p. 343.

3.
Arthur F. Smethurst,
Modern Science and Christian Beliefs
(New York, 1955), p. 81.

4.
An unnamed theologian quoted in Philipp Frank,
Einstein, His Life and Times
(New York, 1947), p. 264.

5.
Robert Jastrow,
God and the Astronomers
(New York, 1978).

6.
William G. Pollard,
Chance and Providence: God’s Action Is a World Governed by Scientific Law
(London, 1959), pp. 69, 72.

7.
Quoted in Werner Heisenberg,
Physics and Beyond: Encounters and Conversations
(New York, 1971), pp. 82–83.

8.
Quoted in Huston Smith,
Beyond the Post-Modern Mind
, rev. ed. (Wheaton, Ill., 1989), p. 8.

9.
Alister McGrath,
The Twilight of Atheism: The Rise and Fall of Disbelief in the Modern World
(London, 2004), pp. 96–97.

10.
Bryan Magee,
Confessions of a Philosopher: A Journey Through Western Philosophy
(London, 1997), p. 561.

11.
Karl R. Popper,
Unended Quest: An Intellectual Autobiography
(London, 1992), p. 145; Mark Vernon,
After Atheism: Science, Religion and the Meaning of Life
(Basingstoke, U.K., 2007), p. 160.

12.
Albert Einstein, “Strange Is Our Situation Here on Earth,” in Jaroslav Pelikan, ed.,
Modern Religious Thought
(Boston, 1990), p. 225.

13.
Ludwig Wittgenstein,
Tractatus logico-philosophicus
, trans. C. K. Ogden (London, 1962), p. 189.

14.
A. J. Ayer,
The Central Questions of Philosophy
(London, 1973), passim.

15.
A. J Ayer,
Language, Truth and Logic
(Harmondsworth, U.K., 1974), pp. 152–53.

16.
Wilfred Cantwell Smith,
Belief and History
(Charlottesville, Va., 1977), pp. 20–32.

17.
Acts of the Apostles 2:1–6.

18.
Harvey Cox,
Fire from Heaven: The Rise of Pentecostal Spirituality and the Reshaping of Religion in the Twenty-first Century
(New York, 1995), pp. 48–74.

19.
Romans 8:26.

20.
Cox,
Fire from Heaven
, pp. 57, 69–71.

21.
Denys Turner,
The Darkness of God: Negativity in Christian Mysticism
(Cambridge, U.K., 1995), pp. 260–62.

22.
A. C. Dixon,
The King’s Business
40 (1922).

23.
Robert C. Fuller,
Naming the Antichrist: The History of an American Obsession
(Oxford and New York, 1995), pp. 115–17; Paul Boyer,
When Time Shall Be No More: Prophecy Belief in Modern American Culture
(Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1992); George M. Marsden,
Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism, 1870-1925
(Oxford and New York, 1980), pp. 141–44, 150, 157, 207–10.

24.
Marsden,
Fundamentalism and American Culture
, pp. 90–92.

25.
Ferenc Morton Szasz,
The Divided Mind of Protestant America, 1880-1930
(University, Ala., 1982), p. 85.

26.
See my book
The Battle for God: A History of Fundamentalism
(London and New York, 2000).

27.
Marsden,
Fundamentalism and American Culture
, pp. 147–48.

28.
Szasz,
Divided Mind
, p. 86.

29.
Marsden,
Fundamentalism and American Culture
, pp. 147–48.

30.
Dixon,
The King’s Business
19 (1918).

31.
The Watchtower Examiner
, July 1920; Fuller,
Naming the Antichrist
, p. 120.

32.
Nancy T. Ammerman, “North American Protestant Fundamentalism,” in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby, eds.,
Fundamentalisms Observed
(Chicago and London, 1991), p. 26; Marsden,
Fundamentalism and American Culture
, pp. 169–83; Ronald E. Numbers,
The Creationists: The Evolution of Scientific Creationism
(Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London, 1992), pp. 41–44; Szasz,
Divided Mind
, pp. 107–8.

33.
Marsden,
Fundamentalism and American Culture
, pp. 184–89; Szasz,
Divided Mind
, pp. 117–35; Numbers,
Creationists
, pp. 98–103; Laurence R. Moore,
Religious Outsiders and the Making of Americans
(Oxford and New York, 1986), pp. 160–63.

34.
Marsden,
Fundamentalism and American Culture
, pp. 187–88.

35.
Ibid.

36.
Moore,
Religious Outsiders
, pp. 161–63.

37.
Tarnas,
Passion of the Western Mind
, pp. 211–19; Zygmunt Bauman,
Modernity and the Holocaust
(Ithaca, N.Y., 1989); George Steiner,
In Bluebeard’s Castle: Some Notes Towards the Redefinition of Culture
(New Haven, Conn., 1971), pp. 36–48; Richard L. Rubenstein,
After Auschwitz: Radical Theology and Contemporary Judaism
(New York, 1966).

38.
Bauman,
Modernity and the Holocaust
, pp. 77–92.

39.
Rubenstein,
After Auschwitz
, pp. 12–42.

40.
Steiner,
In Bluebeard’s Castle
, pp. 36–42.

41.
Ibid., p. 46.

42.
Ibid., pp. 47–48.

43.
Elie Wiesel,
Night
, trans. Stella Rodway (Harmondsworth, U.K., 1981), p. 45.

44.
Ibid., pp. 76–77.

45.
Rubenstein,
After Auschwitz
, passim.

46.
Ludwig Wittgenstein,
Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief
, ed. Cecil Barrett (Oxford, 1966), p. 56.

47.
Ibid., p. 53.

48.
Maurice Drury, “Conversations with Wittgenstein,” in Rush E. Rhees, ed.,
Ludwig Wittgenstein: Personal Recollections
(Totowa, N.J., 1981), p. 117.

49.
Ibid., p. 123.

50.
Ibid., p. 101.

51.
Ibid.

52.
Ibid., p. 129.

53.
Ray Monk,
Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius
(London, 1990), p. 410.

54.
Martin Heidegger, “Only a God Can Save Us,”
Der Spiegel
23 (1976).

55.
Rudolf Bultmann, “New Testament and Mythology,” in Hans Werner Bartsch, ed.,
Kerygma and Myth
, 2 vols. (London, 1964), 2:36.

56.
Ibid., 2:11.

57.
Rudolf Bultmann,
Essays: Philosophical and Theological
(London, 1955), p. 239.

58.
Rudolf Bultmann,
Jesus and the Word
(London, 1958), p. 103.

59.
Paul Tillich,
Theology and Culture
(Oxford and New York, 1964), p. 129.

60.
Paul Tillich,
A History of Christian Thought
(New York, 1969), p. 264.

61.
Paul Tillich,
Systematic Theology
, 2 vols. (Chicago, 1951), 1:205.

62.
D. Mackenzie Brown,
Ultimate Concern: Tillich in Dialogue
(London, 1965), p. 88.

63.
Paul Tillich,
The Courage to Be
(Glasgow, 1952), p. 183; Tillich’s italics.

64.
Karl Rahner, “What Is a Dogmatic Statement?” in
Theological Investigations V
(New York, 1966), pp. 18–19.

65.
Michael Polyani,
Knowing and Being
(London, 1969), p. 144.

66.
Ibid., p. 148.

67.
Andrew Louth,
Discerning the Mystery: An Essay on the Nature of Theology
(Oxford, 1983), pp. 64–65.

68.
Ibid., pp. 67–68.

69.
Gabriel Marcel,
Being and Having
(London, 1965), p. 101.

70.
Ibid., p. 127; author’s italics.

71.
Ibid., p. 128.

72.
Albert Camus,
The Myth of Sisyphus
, trans. Justin O’Brien (London, 2005), p. 119.

1.
Callum G. Brown,
The Death of Christian Britain: Understanding Secularisation, 1800-2000
(London, 2001).

2.
Stephen Toulmin,
Cosmopolis: The Hidden Agenda of Modernity
(New York, 1990), pp. 172–81; Keith Jenkins, ed.,
The Postmodern History Reader
(London, 1997), pp. 3–5.