The Muslim Brotherhood (39 page)

86
  Interview with Ibrahim El-Zayat, Cologne, December 2006.

87
  ‘Islam and Identity in Germany’, Europe Report No 181, 14 March 2007. Available on
http://66.102.9.104/search?q=cache:A_otya3lJgMJ
:
www.flwi.ugent.be/cie/documenten/ islam_in_germany.pdf+milli+gorus+Cem+germany+igd&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=uk&ie=UTF-8

88
  Interview with Oguz Ücüncü, General Secretary Millî Görüş. Cologne.
December 2006.

89
  Interview with Ibrahim El-Zayat, Cologne, December 2006.

90
  Ibid.

91
  Johnson, ‘A Mosque for ex-Nazis became Center of Radical Islam’.

92
  See
http://www.ikhwanweb.com/Article.asp?ID=752&SectionID=121

93
  Interview with Ibrahim El-Zayat, Cologne, December 2006.

94
  Ibid.

95
  Ibid.

96
  Ibid.

97
  Ibid.

98
  Ian Johnson, ‘Islamic Justice Finds a Foothold in Heart of Europe’,
The Wall Street Journal
, 4 August 2005.

99
  Ibid.

100
Interview with Ibrahim el-Zayat, Cologne, December 2006.

101
Quoted in Kent Olsen, ‘Quran reported to the Police in Germany’,
Jyllands-Posten
, 18 April 2006. Available on
http://www.islam-watch.org/SpecialEvents/KoranReported.htm

102
 
Deutsche Welle
, 27 Sep 2006, Available in Arabic on
http://www.dw-world.de/popups/popup_printcontent/0,,2186411,00.html

103
 Ibid.

104
 
‘Verfassungsschutz Informationen. Bayerisches Staatsministerium des Innern’
, 2007. Available in German on
http://www.verfassungsschutz.bayern.de/imperia/md/content/ lfv_internet/service/halbjahresbericht_2007.pdf

105
 Testimony of Matthew Levitt, ‘Islamic Extremism in Europe. Beyond al-Qaeda: Hamas and Hezbollah in Europe’, Joint Hearing of the Committee on International Relations and Subcommittee on Europe and Emerging Threats, US House of Representatives, 27 April 2005.

106
 Ian Johnson, ‘How Islamic Group’s Ties Reveal Europe’s Challenge’,
The Wall Street Journal
, 29 December 2005.

107
 Ibid.

108
 ‘In Germany, Harder Line Looms; Bavarian Probes into Muslim Groups May Foretell Deeper Scrutiny’,
The Wall Street Journal
, 16 September 2005.

109
 Ibid.

110
 Ibid.

111
 Interview with Ibrahim El-Zayat, Cologne, December 2006.

112
 Ibid.

113
 Interview with Dhaou Meskine, Paris, December 2007.

114
 Ibid.

115
 Interview with Ahmed al-Rawi,
Mufakarat al-Islam
(Islam Memo), 21 June 2006. Available in Arabic on
http://www.islammemo.cc/article1.aspx?id=5172

116
 Interview with Libyan Ikhwani, Manchester, October 2004.

117
 Interview with Mohsen N’Gazou, Marseille, July 2006.

118
 Quoted in Ternisien,
Les Frères Musulmans
, pp. 110–11.

119
 Besson,
La conquête de l’Occident: le projet secret des Islamistes
, p. 100.

120
 ‘A Rare Look at Secretive Brotherhood in America’, in
The Chicago Tribune
, 19 September 2004.

121
 Interview with Mohsen N’Gazou, Marseille, July 2006.

1
   Dr Rachel Ehrenfeld and Alyssa A. Lappen, ‘The Truth about the Muslim Brotherhood’,
Front Page Magazine
, 16 June 2006.

2
   Evan Kholmann, quoted in Mary Crane,
Does the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood have Ties to Terrorism?
, Council on Foreign Relations, 5 April 2005.

3
   Interview with Rifat Said, Cairo, May 2007.

4
   Martin Bright, ‘Talking to Terrorists’,
New Statesman
, 20 February 2006.

5
   
Al-Gomhuriya
, 23 June 2007. Quoted in ‘Warnings in the Egyptian Press: The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt is Going the Way of Hamas in Gaza’,
Memri Special Dispatch
, No. 1638, 28 June 2007.

6
   
Al-Gumhuriya
, 13 December 2006. Quoted in L. Azuri, ‘Relations Worsen Between the Egyptian Regime and the Muslim Brotherhood’,
Memri Special Dispatch
, No. 321, 2 February 2007.

7
   Interview with Mustafa Mashour, ‘Soldiers of the Sharia’, in
Al-Ahram Weekly
, No. 247, 16–22 November 1995. Available on
http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/archives/parties/muslimb/sharia.htm

8
   Interview with Mehdi Akef, Cairo, May 2007.

9
   Brynjar Lia,
The Society of the Muslim Brothers
, Reading, 1998, p. 83.

10
  ‘Jordan Says Legal Action to be Taken against Four IAF MPs on Incitement’,
The Middle East Reporter
, 13 June 2006.

11
  Muhammad Hafiz Diyab,
Sayyid Qutb: Discourse and Ideology
, Cairo, 1988.

12
  Nazih Ayubi,
Political Islam
, London, 1991, p. 137.

13
  Mohamed Jamal Barout,
Yathrab al-Jadida
(The New Medina), 1994.

14
  Quoted in Ayubi,
Political Islam
, p. 140.

15
  Interview with Ibrahim Ghuraibya, Amman, February 2007.

16
  Ayubi,
Political Islam
, p. 142.

17
  Interview with Ashur Shamis, London, March 2007.

18
  Gilles Kepel,
Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet and the Pharaoh
, Berkeley, 1993, p. 30.

19
  Some, such as Rifat Said, have claimed that al-Hodeibi wrote the book under duress, asserting that he was insufficiently versed in Sharia to have been able to write it. According to Said, the book was produced under the instructions
of General Fouad Allam, who had a draft written by al-Azhar that he gave to al-Hodeibi to pass off as his own. (Interview with Rifat Said, Cairo, March 2007.)

20
  Gilles Kepel,
The Roots of Radical Islam
, London, 1985, p. 64.

21
  Ibid., p. 36.

22
  Interview with Farid Abdul Khaliq, Cairo, March 2007.

23
  Abdul Moneim Aboul Fotouh,
Shehadat Abul Futuh
(Abul Futuah’s Testimony). Islam Online, 15 July 2009. Available in Arabic on
http://islamyoon.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=ArticleA_C&cid=1248187300655&pagename=Islamyoun%2FIYALayout
. For a more detailed discussion of this issue see
Chapter One
.

24
  Rudolph Peters,
Jihad in Classical and Modern Islam
, Princeton, 1996.

25
  Abdelaziz Ramadan Al-Haya Al-Maseria Al’Ama Lilkitab,
Jama’at al-Takfir fi Misr. Al-Oosoul Tarikhia wa Fikeria
(Takifiri Groups in Egypt: Intellectual and Historical Origins), Cairo 1995, p. 77.

26
  Dr Nashat Hamid Abdel al-Majid,
Asbab nashat al-Afghan al-Arab
(The Reasons Behind the Creation of the Afghan Arabs), on Islam Online, 7 October 2001. Available on
www.islamoneline.net

27
  W. Laqueur,
No End to War
, New York, 2003, p. 52.

28
  Interview with members of the Parti Algérien pour la Démocratie et le Socialisme (PADS). Ellen Ray and Lenora Foerstal, ‘Algeria: Theocracy by Terror?’, on Covert Action, October 1998. Available on
http://www.covertaction.org/content/view/109/75/

29
  ‘The Muslim Brotherhood in Afghanistan’, in
Islamism Digest
, Vol. 2 No. 10, October 2007.

30
  Ayman al-Zawahiri,
Knights under the Prophet’s Banner
, 2001.

31
  Biography of Sheikh Abdullah Azzam (Shaheed), undated. Available on
http://www.religioscope.com/info/doc/jihad/azzam_defence_2_intro.htm

32
  Interview with Dr Kamal Helbawy, London, May 2007.

33
  Interview with Hudaifa Azzam, Amman, February 2007.

34
  Ibid.

35
  Interview with Noman Bin Othman, London, April 2007.

36
  Ibid.

37
  Interview with Dr Kemal Helbawy, London, May 2007.

38
  Ibid.

39
  Ibid.

40
  ‘The Muslim Brotherhood in Afghanistan’, in
Islamism Digest
, Vol. 2, No 10, October 2007.

41
  Interview with Hudaifa Azzam, Amman, February 2007.

42
  Muslim Brotherhood Movement Homepage,
http://www.ummah.net

43
  Olivier Roy,
Afghanistan, from Holy War to Civil War
, Princeton 1995.

44
  ‘The Muslim Brotherhood in Afghanistan’.

45
  Mustafa Mashour obituary,
Impact International
, Vol. 32, No. 12, 2002.

46
  ‘The Muslim Brotherhood in Afghanistan’.

47
  Interview with Dr Kemal Helbawy, London, May 2007.

48
  Ibid.

49
  Al-Arabi (Egypt), 18 January 2004. Quoted in ‘New Muslim Brotherhood Leader: Resistance in Iraq and Palestine is Legitimate; America is Satan; Islam Will Invade America and Europe’,
Memri Special Dispatch Series
No. 655, 4 February 2004. Available on
http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Area=egypt&ID=SP65504#_edn1

50
  Al-Jazeera, 10 January 2005.
http://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/18673EC8-1EB6-4844-BFAF-7331D5A6CD34.htm

51
  ‘British Muslim says Troops are Fair Target’,
The Sunday Times
, 31 October 2004.

52
  Interview with imam, London, 2005.

53
  ‘Jordan: Muslim Brotherhood Leader On ‘Martyrdom’ Attacks, Iraq, Local Issues’, on BBC Monitoring. 6 October 2002.

54
  Quoted in ‘Dr Abdelmonem Abu Futuah, an Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood Leader, Volunteers to Carry Out Attacks Against American Forces in Iraq’, (Al-Jazeera TV)
Memri
, Clip 44. 25 April 2004.

55
  ‘Muslim Brotherhood Initiative on the General Principles of Reform in Egypt’, Cairo, 2004. Obtained from the Brotherhood’s headquarters in Cairo.

56
  
Zawal Isra’il Hatmiyya Qur’aniya
(The Destruction of Israel is a Qur’anic Imperative), no publisher or place of publication, 1988. Quoted in Ziad Abu Amr,
Islamic Fundamentalism in the West Bank and Gaza
, Indiana, 1994, p. 2.

57
  Abu Amr,
Islamic Fundamentalism in the West Bank and Gaza
, p. 2.

58
  ‘Jordan: Muslim Brotherhood Leader On “Martyrdom” Attacks, Iraq, Local Issues’, BBC Monitoring. 6 October 2002.

59
  Deputy Leader of Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt: ‘A Nation that does not Excel at the Industry of Death does not Deserve Life’,
Memri
, 8 April 2004.

60
  Quoted in Nachman Tal,
Radical Islam in Egypt and Jordan
, Brighton, 2005, p. 199.

61
  ‘Firebrand Islamic academic: “Dying for your Beliefs is Just”’, in
The Daily Mail
, 21 August 2006.

62
  ‘Leading Saudi Sheik Pronounces Fatwa against Hezbollah’, in
The New York Sun
, 20 July 2006.

63
  Abu Amr,
Islamic Fundamentalism in the West Bank and Gaza
, p. 23.

64
  Robert S. Leiken and Steven Brooke ‘The Moderate Muslim Brotherhood’, in
Foreign Affairs
, March/April 2007.

65
  Ibid.

66
  Helena Cobban, interview with Dr Abul Moneim Aboul Fotouh,
Just
World News
, 23 February 2007. Available on
http://justworldnews.org/archives/002404.html
(accessed February 2008).

67
  Ibid.

68
  Quoted in ‘Dr Abdelmonem Abu Futuah, an Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood Leader, Volunteers to Carry out Attacks against American Forces in Iraq’.

69
  Mahad Abedin, ‘The Battle within Syria: An Interview with Muslim Brotherhood Leader Ali Bayanouni’, in
Terrorism Monitor
, Vol. 3, No. 16, 11 August 2005.

70
  Richard P. Mitchell,
The Society of the Muslim Brothers
, Oxford, 1993, p. 211.

71
  From Al-Ghazali,
Al-Islam wa’l-istibdad al-siyasi 1950-51
. Quoted in Mitchell,
The Society of the Muslim Brothers
, p. 211.

72
  Interview with Haj Abu Sen, London, September 2007.

73
  Sayyid Qutb,
Milestones
, New Delhi, 1964, p. 116.

74
  Ibid., p. 139.

75
  Quoted in ‘New Muslim Brotherhood Leader: Resistance in Iraq and Palestine is Legitimate; America is Satan; Islam Will Invade America and Europe’, in
Al-Arabi
, 18 January 2004.

76
  ‘Abdul Moneim Abul Fotouh. The Muslim Brotherhood Comments on “Gray Zones”, Carnegie Paper,’ on Ikhwanweb, 16 July 2006.

77
  Hossam Tammam,
Tahawilat Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimoun
(The Transformation of the Muslim Brotherhood), Cairo, 2006, pp. 146–7.

78
  ‘Interview with Muslim Brotherhood’s Supreme Guide, Mehdi Akef’,
Al-Sharq Al-Awsat
, 16 December 2005.

79
  Fadi Fahem, ‘World in Need of Islamic Principles and Morals: Akef’,
Khaleej Times
, 2 September 2005.

80
  Michael Emerson and Richard Youngs (eds.),
Political Islam and European Foreign Policy Perspectives from Muslim Democrats of The Mediterranean
, Brussels, 2007.

81
  Ibid.

82
  ‘Habib: Muslim Brotherhood is Not Anti-American’, on Ikhwanweb, 14 January 2008. Available on
http://www.ikhwanweb.com/Article.asp?ID=15359&LevelID=1&SectionID=146