The New Jim Crow (52 page)
Authors: Michelle Alexander
Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals
Eleventh Amendment
Emancipation Proclamation
Emanuel, Rahm
The Emerging Republican Majority
(Phillips)
(Phillips)
employment: and ex-criminal offenders; joblessness and violent crime rates; manufacturing jobs and deindustrialization; the “negative credential” and system of state-sponsored stratification; service-sector jobs; unemployment/joblessness
Erlichman, John
Erwin, Sam, Jr.
Farrakhan, Louis
fathers, black
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), antidrug funding
Federalism
Fields, C. Virginia
Fifteenth Amendment
The Fire Next Time
(Baldwin)
(Baldwin)
Flavor of Love
(VH1)
(VH1)
Florida v. Bostick
Forman, James, Jr.
Fourteenth Amendment; and crack sentencing; and death penalty sentencing; and jury exclusion; and police traffic stops; and racially discriminatory law enforcement
Fourth Amendment
Freedmen’s Bureau
Frye, Marilyn
Futterman, Craig
gang databases
“gangsta culture,”
gender gap (black men and women)
genocide and War on Drugs
Gideon v. Wainwright
globalization
Goldwater, Barry
Goodwill Industries
Great Depression
Guinier, Lani
Haldeman, H.R.
Harlem riots (1964)
Harmelin v. Michigan
Harwood, Richard
Hill, Barbara
Hininger, Damon
Hispanics/Latinos: prison admissions for drug offenses; rates of illegal drug use
homelessness
Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
housing discrimination
human rights approach
Human Rights Watch
Hurley, Ora Lee
In re Gault
(1967)
(1967)
incarceration.
See
mass incarceration system
See
mass incarceration system
indentured servitude
indifference, racial
inner-city economic collapse
Irving, Lawrence
Jackson, Jesse
Jefferson, Thomas
“Jena 6,”
Jim Crow system: birth of; black cooperation with; and Civil Rights Movement; death of; and Supreme Court; voting rights and disenfranchisement; and World War II, 36.
See also
mass incarceration and Jim Crow (parallels/differences)
See also
mass incarceration and Jim Crow (parallels/differences)
Johnson, Lyndon B.
Johnson, Sheri Lynn
Johnson, Willie
Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education
juries: and felon exclusion; and peremptory strikes; and prosecutors’ discretion; and “stereotypically black” defendants; Supreme Court rulings governing jury selection
Justice Department, U.S.; Bureau of Statistics; report in impact of bias in criminal justice system; and street crime
Justice Policy Institute
Karlan, Pamela
Kennedy, Justice Anthony
Kennedy, John F.
Kerlikowske, Gil
Kilty, Keith
King, Martin Luther
King, Martin Luther, Jr.; and affirmative action; call for complete restructuring of society; and civil rights lawyers/legal cases; on colorblindness and indifference; and human rights approach; and Poor People’s Movement; and Rosa Parks
Klarman, Michael
Kraska, Peter
Ku Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan Acts
Lambright, Nshombi
Law & Order
(television)
(television)
law enforcement.
See
drug-law enforcement and racial discrimination; police/police departments and drug-law enforcement
See
drug-law enforcement and racial discrimination; police/police departments and drug-law enforcement
Lawrence, Charles
Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights of the San Francisco Bay Area
Leadership Conference on Civil Rights
Lee, William
Levine, Harry
liberal philosophy of race relations (Reconstruction era)
Lincoln, Abraham
Lockyer v. Andrade
Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD): databases for “gang-related” activity; and lethal chokeholds
Los Angeles Times
Loury, Glenn
Lyons, Adolph
Maclin, Tracey
Madison, James
Malcolm X
mandatory minimum sentencing; and Anti-Drug Abuse Act; and plea bargaining; reform efforts; and Supreme Court
March on Washington for Jobs and Economic Freedom (1963)
marijuana: and deaths; decriminalization of; felony possession and arrests; and mandatory sentencing guidelines; use by Clinton/Obama; and voting rights; white middle class users; white/black student users
Marshall, Prentiss
Marshall, Stanley
Marshall, Justice Thurgood
mass incarceration and Jim Crow (parallels/ differences); and argument that race has always influenced the criminal justice system; black support for “get tough” policies on crime; collective denial; differences /limits of the analogy; exclusion from juries; historical parallels; legalized discrimination; and marginalization; and overt racial hostility; parallels; political disenfranchisement; racial segregation; stereotypes about black men/ fathers; Supreme Court’s pattern of responding to racial caste/claims of racial bias; the symbolic production of race; white victims
mass incarceration system; and absence of black men/black fathers; arguments that race has always influenced the criminal justice system; collective denial of; and colorblindness; and crime reduction statistics; final stage (period of invisible punishment); first stage; incarceration rates; origins of; prison profiteers; private prisons; reform and dismantling of; second phase; size of; and stigma of criminality.
See also
post-prison release (ex-offenders); prisons; War on Drugs and the criminal justice system
See also
post-prison release (ex-offenders); prisons; War on Drugs and the criminal justice system
Massey, Douglas
Matsuda, Mari
Mauer, Marc
McCaffrey, Barry
McClesky, Warren
McClesky v. Kemp
McCormick Institute of Public Affairs
McKnight, Gerald
McLaurin v. Oklahoma
(1950)
(1950)
McNair, Murray
media coverage: crack cocaine stories; imagery of black drug users/drug criminals; and “Jena 6,”; and Obama’s campaign speech on fatherhood and personal responsibility; Reagan administration and War on Drugs
Miami Herald
Military Cooperation with Law Enforcement Act (1981)
military policing and War on Drugs
Miller, Jerome
Miller El v. Cockrell
The Miner’s Canary
(Torres and Guinier)
(Torres and Guinier)
minstrel shows
Montgomery Bus Boycott
moratorium campaign (closing prisons)
Morgan, Edmund
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick
Munnerlynn, William
Musto, David
Myrdal, Gunnar
NAACP: legal challenges to Jim Crow; Web site
NAACP Legal Defense Fund
National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals, 1973 recommendations
National Center for Institutions and Alternatives
National Colored Convention ( 1853)
National Household Survey on Drug Abuse
National Institute on Drug Abuse
National Journal
National Legal Aid & Defender Association
National Security Decision Directive (Reagan administration)
Neal v. Delaware
New Deal
New York Police Department (NYPD)
New York Times
Newsweek
Nicaragua
Nietzsche, Friedrich
Nilsen, Eva
Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals
Nixon, Richard
Nunn, Dorsey
Obama, Barack; and black exceptionalism; and Byrne grant program; campaign speech on fatherhood and personal responsibility; and crack sentencing; and death penalty; presidency and racial justice advocacy; and War on Drugs; on white guilt and history of racial discrimination
O’Connor, Justice Sandra Day
Ohio v. Robinette
Omi, Michael
“One Strike and You’re Out” legislation
open-air drug markets
Operation Pipeline
Pager, Devah
paramilitary drug raids
Parchman, Farm
Parks, Rosa
parole violations
“passing,”
Pentagon military resources and War on Drugs
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (1996)
PEW Charitable Trusts
Phillips, Kevin
Piven, Frances Fox
plea bargaining
Plessy v. Ferguson
“pluralistic ignorance,”
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