The New Jim Crow (53 page)
Authors: Michelle Alexander
Poitier, Sidney
police/police departments and drug-law enforcement; affirmative action and minority officers; consent searches; and drug forfeiture laws; and federal suits for damages; and financial incentives; and ghetto neighborhoods; lethal chokeholds; paramilitary drug raids and SWAT teams; police brutality; pretext stops; race as factor in decision making; racial profiling; searches and seizures and unreasonable suspicion; shakedowns and seizures; traffic stops; training programs.
See also
drug-law enforcement and racial discrimination; War on Drugs and the criminal justice system
See also
drug-law enforcement and racial discrimination; War on Drugs and the criminal justice system
Poor People’s Movement
Populist movement
Posse Comitatus Act
post-arrest legal services
postconviction fees; and preconviction service fees; and probation revocations
post-prison release (ex-offenders); Chicago; and education; and “gangsta culture,”; ineligibility for federally funded public assistance; jury exclusion; postconviction fees; public housing discrimination; rearrest rates; re-entry programs; the shame and stigma of criminality; voting rights/felony disenfranchisement; work/employment
Powell, Colin
powell, john a.
presidential elections: and disenfranchisement of ex-felons; and law and order rhetoric
pretext stops
prisons: admissions for drug offenses; closing; construction of; corporate and private profiteers; inmate work in; private; rearrest rates and parole and probation violations; and redistricting processes; and residential racial segregation; and violent crime (homicide) offenders
probation violations
prosecutorial discretion: crack cocaine cases; and drug-law enforcement; and jury selection; and racial bias
public defender system
public housing agencies/assistance
Purkett v. Elm
Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act (1998)
racial caste system in the U.S.; black codes and vagrancy laws; and Civil Rights Movement; and collective denial; and colorblindness; competing schools of thought on race, poverty, and social order; convict leasing and forced labor; end of Jim Crow system; flawed public consensus at heart of; and “get tough on crime” policies; and language of racial caste; law and order rhetoric; new; and philosophies of race relations; and political parties; poor and working class whites; and Populist movement; postemancipation period; Reconstruction Era; and Republican Party; and slavery; Southern “Redemption” campaign; structural racism; systems of control/recurring periods of transition and uncertainty.
See also
drug-law enforcement and racial discrimination; mass incarceration and Jim Crow (parallels/differences); mass incarceration system; post-prison release; War on Drugs
See also
drug-law enforcement and racial discrimination; mass incarceration and Jim Crow (parallels/differences); mass incarceration system; post-prison release; War on Drugs
Racial Formation in the United States
(Omi and Winant)
(Omi and Winant)
Racial Justice Project of the ACLU
racial profiling: and ghetto communities; litigation challenging; and minority police officers; and police decision making; studies of; and Title VI of 1964 Civil Rights Act; traffic stops/ pedestrian stops
radical philosophy of race relations (Reconstruction era)
rap music and hip-hop culture
Reagan, Ronald/Reagan administration; and conservative revolution in the Republican Party; and crack cocaine; financial incentives to law enforcement; legislation and drug policy; and military policing; racialized campaign rhetoric on crime and welfare; and War on Drugs
reality television shows, black-themed
Reconstruction Era; convict leasing and forced labor; federal civil rights legislation; philosophies of race relations; Populist movement; and racial segregation; Southern “Redemption” campaign; voting rights
Rector, Ricky Ray
“Redemption” campaign
redistricting and prison populations
Reeves, Jimmie
Reform Act (2000)
Reinarman, Craig
Republican Party
Rice, Condoleezza
Robert Taylor Homes (Chicago)
Robinson, Jo Ann Gibson
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
Rucker, Perlie
Rucker v. Davis
Ruffin v. Commonwealth
(Virginia)
(Virginia)
Runoalds, Clifford
Russell, Kathryn
San Francisco Ban the Box campaigns
San Jose Mercury News
Schmidt, Benno
Schneckloth v. Bustamonte
Schwarzer, William W.
Scott, Donald
search and seizure
Seattle Police Department
segregation, racial; and ghetto communities; and prisons; Reconstruction Era; and re-entry of ex-felons; residential segregation
sentencing: and crack cocaine; and juveniles; and mandatory minimums; and plea bargaining; reform efforts; Supreme Court rulings and racially discriminatory sentencing
Sentencing Project
Sharpton, Al
Shelby, Tommie
“shooter bias,”
Sider, Gerald
Siegel, Reva
slavery; birth of; and disenfranchisement of black voters; and history of race discrimination in jury selection; and notion of white supremacy; and plantation labor; and poor whites; postemancipation period; and role of racial hostility/racial indifference; and symbolic production of race; and U.S. Constitution
Slavery by Another Name
(Blackmon)
(Blackmon)
Smith, Mary Louise
Smith v. Allwright
(1944)
(1944)
Souter, Justice David H.
Southern Center for Human Rights
“Southern Manifesto,”
Southern Strategy
Spruill, Alberta
States of Denial
(Cohen)
(Cohen)
Steinberg, Stephen
Stevens, Justice John Paul
Stewart, Emma Faye
stigma of criminality; and black youth; coping strategies and lying; and families of prisoners /ex-felons; and “gangsta culture,”; self-hate in the black community; shame and silence; and symbolic production of race
The Strange Career of Jim Crow
(Woodward)
(Woodward)
Stratford High School (Goose Creek, South Carolina)
structural racism
Stutman, Robert
Supreme Court rulings: crack cases and discriminatory sentencing; and “drug-courier profiles,”; drug-law enforcement and claims of racial bias; and end of Jim Crow system; Fourth Amendment decisions; jury selection; and majoritarian political process; and mandatory sentencing laws; police searches and seizures; police traffic stops; police use of lethal chokeholds; and post-arrest legal representation; and prosecutorial discretion in drug-law enforcement; and public housing; race as factor in police decision making; and racial profiling; and racially discriminatory sentencing.
See also names of individual cases
See also names of individual cases
Swain v. Alabama
Swank, Eric
SWAT (Special Weapons and Tactics) teams
Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)
Terry v. Ohio
Thinking About Crime
(Tonry)
(Tonry)
Thirteenth Amendment
Thomas, James
“three strikes” laws
Time
magazine
magazine
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act (1964)
Tonry, Michael
Torres, Gerald
traffic stops; and broad discretion for police; consent searches; drug forfeiture laws and seizures; and “drug-courier profiles,”; and Fourth Amendment; and police training programs; pretext stops
Travis, Jeremy
Tulia drug sting operation (1999)
unemployment
United Nations Human Rights Committee
United States v. Brignoni-Ponce
United States v. Reese
Urban League report “The State of Black America” (1990)
U.S. Sentencing Commission
USA Today
Vera Institute
Village Voice
voting rights: disenfranchisement of ex-felons; and Fifteenth Amendment; Jim Crow era disenfranchisement; Reconstruction Era; restoration processes for ex-felons
Voting Rights Act (1965)
Wacquant, Loïc
Walker, Herman
Wallace, George
War on Drugs; George H.W. Bush administration; Clinton administration; conspiracy theories; and crack cocaine; early resistance within law enforcement; federal agencies’ antidrug funding; financial incentives to law enforcement; and genocide; and inner-city economic collapse; internalization of; media campaigns; myths of; Reagan administration.
See also
War on Drugs and the criminal justice system
See also
War on Drugs and the criminal justice system
War on Drugs and the criminal justice system; arguments that race has always influenced the criminal justice system; and court system; and drug forfeiture laws; “drug-courier profiles,”; financial incentives; and Fourth Amendment; guilty pleas/ plea bargaining; legal services /legal representation; mandatory minimum sentencing; paramilitary raids and police SWAT teams; pretext stops; and racial discrimination; traffic stops.
See also
mass incarceration system; police/police departments and drug-law enforcement; post-prison release (ex-offenders)
See also
mass incarceration system; police/police departments and drug-law enforcement; post-prison release (ex-offenders)
War on Poverty
Washington, Booker T.
Washington Post
Watson, Tom
We Won’t Go Back
(Matsuda and Lawrence)
(Matsuda and Lawrence)
Weaver, Vesla
Weaver, Warren
Weinstein, Jack
“welfare queens,”
welfare reform legislation
Western, Bruce
Western Area Narcotics Task Force (WANT)
When Work Disappears
(Wilson)
(Wilson)
“Where Have the Black Men Gone?”
(2006
Ebony
article)
(2006
Ebony
article)
White Citizens’ Councils
“white crime,”
White House Office of National Drug Control
whites: and colorblindness; drug arrests/imprisonment; and drug-law enforcement; and drunk driving awareness campaigns; end of Jim Crow and Southern whites’ backlash; ex-offenders; illegal drug use; poor and working-class; and racial privilege; and racial profiling in police traffic stops; shift in racial attitudes/support for antidiscrimination principles; victims of racial caste system; “white crime,”; youth drug crimes/ illegal drug use
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