The Triumph of Christianity (64 page)

21
. Whitehead [1925] 1967, 12.

22
. Descartes,
Oeuvres
8.61.

23
. Quoted in Crosby 1997, 83.

24
. Whitehead [1925] 1967, 13.

25
. Needham 1954–1984, vol. 1, 581.

26
. Lindberg 1992, 54.

27
. Jaki 1986, 105.

28
. I have written extensively on this in Stark 2003, chap. 2.

29
. Quoted in Bradley 2001, 160.

30
. Quoted in Merton 1938, 447.

31
. Einstein,
Letters to Solovine,
131.

32
. Stark 2003, 160–63.

33
. White 1997, 158–62.

34
. Quoted in Finocchiaro 2009, 68.

35
. Quoted in Finocchiaro 2009, 68.

36
. Drake and O’Malley 1960.

37
. Brooke and Cantor 1998, 20.

38
. Brooke and Cantor 1998, 110.

39
.
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
. Published by University of California Press.

40
. Shea 1986, 132.

41
. Geisler and Nix 1986, 5.

42
. Coleman 1975, 296.

43
.
Confessions
12.

44
. Some have claimed that
Shaddai
means mountain, but most scholars regard the meaning of the word as unknown.

45
. This is the traditional Torah version. Also see Alter 2004, 339.

46
. Matt. 13:13; also Mark 4:11–12 and Luke 8:10.

47
. Quoted in Benin 1993, 11.

48
. Quoted in Benin 1993, 183.

49
. Calvin [ca. 1555] 1980, 52–53.

50
. Quoted in Benin 1993, 173–74.

51
. Quoted in Benin 1993, 195.

52
. Quoted in Benin 1993, 195.

53
. Stark 2003, 194.

Chapter 17: Two “Churches” and the Challenge of Heresy

1
. Fletcher 1997, 38.

2
. Johnson 1976.

3
. Cheetham 1983, 23.

4
. Eusebius,
Life of Constantine
4.54.2.

5
. Duffy 1997, 87.

6
. Cheetham 1983; Duffy 1997.

7
. Cheetham 1983; Duffy 1997.

8
. Duffy 1997, 87.

9
. Duffy 1997, 87.

10
. McBrien 2000, 157.

11
. Cheetham 1983; McBrien 2000.

12
. Cheetham 1983, 84.

13
. Pastor 1898.

14
. Smith [1759] 1982, 788–89.

15
. Lambert 1992; Matter 2008; Moore 1976; 1985; Russell 1965; 1971.

16
. Lambert 1992, 12.

17
. Lambert 1992, 25.

18
. Most of the religious orders had such high entry fees that only the rich could afford to join—the poor were admited only to servile positions.

19
. Stark 2004, 56.

20
. A fifth daughter died at age six.

21
. Cheetham 1983, 90.

22
. Cheetham 1983, 87.

23
. Costen 1997; Duffy 1997; McBrien 2000; Morris 1991.

24
. Moore 1994, 54.

25
. Moore 1985, 85.

26
. Lambert 1992, 50.

27
. Brooke 1971; Cheetham 1983; Costen 1997; Lambert 1998; 1992; Moore 1985; 1976; Russell 1965.

28
. Leff [1967] 1999, 47.

29
. Lambert 1998, 21.

30
. Barber 2000; Brooke 1971; Costen 1997; Lambert 1998; 1992; Moore 1985; Russell 1965.

31
. Costen 1997, 65.

32
. Lambert 1998, 21.

33
. Lambert 1992.

34
. Kaelber 1997, 113.

35
. Costen 1997, 70.

36
. Quoted in Costen 1997, 70.

37
. Johnson 1976, 252.

38
. Quoted in Sibly and Sibly 2003, 128.

39
. Brooke 1971; Costen 1997; Lambert 1998; 1992; Moore 1985; Russell 1965.

40
. Lambert 1992, 69.

41
. Quoted in Johnson 1976, 251.

42
. Lambert 1992, 69.

Chapter 18: Luther’s Reformation

1
. Moeller 1972.

2
. Luther [1520] 1915, 141.

3
. Stark 2003.

4
. Bainton 1995; Kittleson 1986; Marty 2004; McNally 1969; Oberman 1992; Schweibert 1950.

5
. Oberman 1992, 149.

6
. Oberman 1992, 149.

7
. Chadwick 1972, 42.

8
. Quoted in Oberman 1992, 188.

9
. Schwiebert 1950, 314.

10
. Eisenstein 1979.

11
. Luther [1520] 1915, 84.

12
. Luther [1520] 1915, 139.

13
. Rupp 1981, 192.

14
. Quoted in Strauss 1975, 32.

15
. Brady 1978; Durant 1957; Engels [1873] 1964; Grimm 1969; 1962; Ozment 1980; Swanson 1967; Tracy 1999; Weber [1904–1905] 1958; Wuthnow 1989.

16
. Becker 2000; Braudel 1977; Cohen 1980; Delacroix and Nielson 2001; Fischoff 1968; Hamilton 1996; Samuelsson [1957] 1993.

17
. Quoted in Grimm 1962, 5.

18
. Strauss 1975.

19
. Dickens 1974; Ozment 1975; Moeller 1972.

20
. Edwards 1994; Eisenstein 1979; Gilmont 1998.

21
. Grendler 2004; Schwiebert 1996.

22
. Grimm 1969; 1962; Ozment 1975; Moeller 1972.

23
. Hanneman 1975.

24
. Hale 1977; Hibbert [1974] 2003.

25
. Bainton [1952] 1985, 18.

26
. Durant 1957; Hayes 1917; Ozment 1975.

27
. Holborn 1942, 129.

28
. Holborn 1942, 130.

29
. Holborn 1942, 131.

30
. Cole 1984; Edwards 1994; Gilmont 1998; Holborn 1942.

31
. Kim and Pfaff, forthcoming.

32
. Holborn 1942, 134.

33
. Grendler 2004, 18.

34
. Schwiebert 1996, 471.

35
. Grendler 2004, 19.

36
. Brady 1985; Grimm 1962; Strauss 1988; 1978.

37
. Ozment 1980, 201.

38
. Moeller 1972.

39
. Rörig 1969.

40
. Stark 2003, 111.

41
. Chadwick 1972, 26.

42
. Bush 1967; Hill 1967; Latourette 1975.

43
. Latourette 1975, 735.

44
. Latourette 1975, 737.

45
. Roberts 1968.

46
. Johnson 1976, 267.

47
. Mullett 1999.

48
. Stark 2005.

Chapter 19: The Shocking Truth About the Spanish Inquisition

1
. Maltby 1971, 35.

2
. Peters 1989, 133–34.

3
. “Inquisition.” In
The
Columbia Encyclopedia,
6th ed. (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2001).

4
. Durant 1950, 784.

5
. Kirsch 2008, 3.

6
. Paris 1961, 4.

7
. Roth [1964] 1996; Rummel 2008.

8
. Whitechapel 2002.

9
. Robertson 1902, 290.

10
. Hunt 1994, 79.

11
. Rawlings 2006, 1.

12
. Quoted in Keen 1969, 708.

13
. Peters 1989, 134.

14
. Puigblanch 1816, 131.

15
. Jenkins 2003.

16
. Especially Ellerbe 1995; Kirsch 2008.

17
. Contreras and Henningsen 1986; Given 1997; Haliczer 1990; Henningsen 1980; Henningsen and Tedeschi 1986; Kamen 1993; 1997; Levack 1995; Monter 1990; Rawlings 2006.

18
. See Henningsen and Tedeschi 1986.

19
. Rawlings 2006, 37.

20
. Monter 1990.

21
. Contreras and Henningsen 1986.

22
. Chadwick and Evans 1987, 113.

23
. Holinshed [1587] 1965 claims seventy-two thousand were executed by Henry.

24
. Dowling [1845] 2002, 16.

25
. Kamen 1997, 190; Madden 2003, 30.

26
. Rawlings 2006, 33.

27
. Peters 1989, 93.

28
. Madden 2003, 30.

29
. Madden 2003, 29.

30
. Daly 1978; Davies 1996, 567; Dworkin 1974; Hughes 1952.