The Triumph of Christianity (65 page)
31
. Burr 1987, 1.
32
. Trethowan 1963, 343.
33
. Burckhardt [1885] 1990; Lecky [1865] 1903.
34
. Hobbes [1651] 1956, 21.
35
. Trevor-Roper [1969] 2001, 112.
36
. Briggs 1998.
37
. Hyslop 1925, 4
38
. Ewen 1929; Levack 1995; Thomas 1971.
39
. Briggs 1998; Katz 1994; Levack 1995.
40
. Monter 1990.
41
. See Stark 2003, 258.
42
. Lea 1906–1907, 4:206.
43
. Contreras and Henningsen 1986, 103.
44
. O’Neil 1981, 11.
45
. For a full treatment of these matters see Stark 2003, chap. 3.
46
. O’Neil 1987, 90.
47
. Kamen 1993, 238.
48
. Kamen 1993; 1997.
49
. Kamen 1997, 274.
50
. Kamen 1997, 274.
51
. Robbins 1959, 45.
52
. Roth 2002, xi.
53
. Decter 2007.
54
. Stark 2001, chap. 4.
55
. Gerber 1994, 117.
56
. For example, “most of the above-mentioned converts were forced” (Netanyahu 2001, xvi). See also Perez 2005.
57
. Perez 2005, 10.
58
. Roth 2002, 320.
59
. Calculated by the author from Contreras and Henningsen 1986 and Monter 1990.
60
. Roth [1964] 1996, 132.
61
. Netanyahu, 2001, xvi.
62
. Chejne 1983.
63
. Perez 2005, 45.
64
. Bainton [1952] 1985, 131.
65
. Peters 1989, 122.
66
. Fernandez 1997, 483.
67
. Kamen 1997, 268.
68
. Kamen 1997, 268.
69
. Fernandez 1997, 483.
70
. Stark 2003, 258.
71
. Goodish 1976.
72
. Kamen 1997, 268.
73
. Fernandez 1997, 494.
74
. Kamen 1997, 134.
75
. Monter and Tedeschi 1986.
76
. Findlen 1993; Hyde 1964.
77
. Ellerbe 1995; Kirsch 2008; MacCulloch 2010.
78
. Kirsch 2008.
Chapter 20: Pluralism and American Piety
1
. Finke and Stark 1992.
2
. Smith 1985.
3
. Cobbett 1818, 229.
4
. de Tocqueville [1835–1839] 1956, 2: 314.
5
. Schaff [1855] 1961, 91.
6
. Baird 1844, 188.
7
. Gaustad 1987, 15.
8
. Whitefield [1756] 1969, 387.
9
. Finke and Stark 1992, 27.
10
. Finke and Stark 1992; Stark 2008.
11
. Grund in Powell 1967, 77, 80.
12
. Quoted in Handlin 1949, 261.
13
. Bruce 1992, 170.
14
. Berger 1969, 133–34.
15
. Smith 1998, 106.
16
. Neitz 1987, 257–258.
17
. Davidman 1991, 204.
18
. Berger 1969, 145.
19
. Berger 1969, 146.
20
. Wilson 1966, 166.
21
. Burdick 1993, 8.
22
. Finke and Stark 1992.
23
. Pew Forum Survey 2007.
24
. Quoted in Thumma and Travis 2007, 21.
25
. Stark 2008.
26
. See Ebaugh 1993.
27
. Stark and Finke 2000.
28
. Stark 2008.
29
. Introvigne 2005.
30
. Gill 2005, 5.
31
. These statistics come from the Baylor National Surveys of American Religion, 2005 and 2007.
32
. See Stark 2008, 55.
33
. Hobbes [1651] 1956, 168.
34
. Hume 1754, 3:30.
35
. Smith [1776] 1981, 793–94.
36
. Smith [1776] 1981, 5.1.3.3, entitled “Of the Expense of the Institutions for the Instruction of People of all Ages.” So far as I am aware, the only current edition including this chapter is the one published by the Liberty Fund. See the bibliography.
Chapter 21: Secularization
1
. Woolston 1735.
2
. Quoted in Redman 1949, 26.
3
. Wallace 1966, 264–65.
4
. Berger 1968, 3.
5
. de Tocqueville [1835–1839] 1956, 319.
6
. Wilson 1966, 126.
7
. Wilson 1982, 152.
8
. Martin 1969, 10.
9
. Wallis 1986.
10
. March 17, 2009.
11
. April 13, 2009.
12
. Hout and Fischer 2002; Stark 2004, 125; 2008, 141–46.
13
. Stark 2008, 125–31.
14
. Finke and Stark 1992; Stark 2008.
15
.
Christian Century,
October 29, 1997, 972–78.
16
. Stark 2007b, 390.
17
. Stark 1981, 175.
18
. For a wonderful account of this failure see Paul Froese,
The Plot to Kill God
(Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 2008).
19
. Stark and Liu, 2011.
20
. Greeley 1995, 63.
21
. Greeley 1995; Stark and Finke 2000.
22
. Davies 1996; Barrett 1982; Brøndsted 1965; Jones 1968; Sawyer 1982.
23
. Stark 1999.
24
. Berger, Davie, and Fokas 2008, 16.
25
. Schmied 1996.
26
. Beckford 1985, 286.
27
. Lodberg 1989.
28
. Selthoffer 1997.
29
. Grim and Finke 2010.
30
.
Ude og Hjemme
24 (2005).
31
. Alvarez 2003.
32
. Rydenfelt 1985.
33
. Quoted in Pettersson 1990, 23.
34
. Asberg 1990, 18.
35
. Davie 1994.
36
. Stark, Hamberg, and Miller 2005.
37
. Stark and Iannaccone 1994.
38
. Stark, Hamberg, and Miller 2005.
39
. Stark 1964.
40
. Stark 1965a.
41
. Norris and Inglehart 2004.
42
. Dennett 2006, 21.
43
. Kaufmann 2010.
44
. Stark 2001; Wuthnow 2009.
45
. Introvigne and Stark 2005.
Chapter 22: Globalization
1
. de Flaix and Jackson 1982.
2
. Beach 1903.
3
. Welliver and Northcutt 2005.
4
. Wuthnow 2009.
5
. Barrett, Kurian, and Johnson 2001, 843.
6
. The very best of these are assembled by David Barrett and his associates.
7
. Sun 2005.
8
. Jenkins 2002.
9
. Robinson 1923.
10
. Chesnut 2003b, 61; Gill 1998, 68; Martin 1990, 57–58.
11
. Gill 1998, 86.
12
. Chesnut 1997; 2003a; 2003b; Gill 1998; Martin 1990; Stoll 1990.
13
.
Miami Herald,
October 16, 1992.
14
. Klaiber 1970; Montgomery 1979.
15
. Gill 1998, 82.
16
. Stark and Finke 2000, 153, table 8.
17
. Stark 2001.
18
. Siewart and Valdez 1997.
19
. Welliver and Northcutt 2004, 32.
20
. Stoll 1990, 6.
21
. Barrett, Kurian, and Johnson 2001.
22
. Jenkins 2002, 64.
23
. Cox 1995, 168.
24
. Drogus 1995, 465.
25
. Boff 1986.
26
. Burdick 1993.
27
. Drogus 1995.
28
. Gill 1998.
29
. Chesnut 2003b, 55.
30
. Chesnut 2003b, 61.
31
. Personal communication, Salvatore Martinez, 2009.
32
. r =.451, which is significant beyond the.05 level (prob. =.034).