Why Government Fails So Often: And How It Can Do Better (80 page)

89
. Ron Haskins & John Podesta, “Making Work Pay Again—This Time for Men,” July 3, 2013,
http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2013/07/03-men-working-wages-haskins
.

90
. See, generally, Martha Derthick & Paul J. Quirk,
The Politics of Deregulation
(1985).

91
. Elizabeth E. Bailey, “Air-Transportation Deregulation,” in Siegfried, ed.,
Better Living through Economics
, chap. 8.

92
. Lawrence S. Rothenberg,
Regulation, Organizations, and Politics: Motor Freight Policy at the Interstate Commerce Commission
(1994), 225n18.

93
. Ibid.

94
. Nancy L. Rose, “After Airline Deregulation and Alfred E. Kahn,”
American Economic Review
102 (2012): 379.

95
. Michael E. Levine, “Airport Congestion: When Theory Meets Reality,”
Yale Journal on Regulation
26 (2009): 37–88.

96
. Gary Burtless & Ron Haskins, “Inequality, Economic Mobility, and Social Policy,” in Schuck & Wilson, eds.,
Understanding America
, 531–32.

97
. This statistic is somewhat misleading. See Peter H. Schuck, “Three Models of Citizenship,” in Michael S. Greve & Michal Zoller, eds.,
Citizenship in America and Europe: Beyond the Nation-State?
(2009), 169–72.

98
. Burtless & Haskins, “Inequality, Economic Mobility, and Social Policy,” 533–34, supplemented by e-mail from Haskins to the author, February 24, 2013.

99
. Ibid., 535–36.

100
. Ibid.

101
. See Rebecca M. Blank, “The Role of Economics in the Welfare-to-Work Reforms of the 1990s,” in Siegfried, ed.,
Better Living through Economics
, 137.

102
. Peter H. Schuck & Ron Haskins, “Welfare Reform Worked,”
Los Angeles Times
, February 28, 2012, supplemented by e-mail from Haskins to the author, February 24, 2013.

103
. Ivar Lodemel & Heather Trickey,
An Offer You Can’t Refuse: Workfare Programs in
International Perspective
(2001).

104
. John B. Judis, “Steve Jobs’s Angel,”
New Republic
, September 2, 2013, 6; “The Entrepreneurial State,”
Economist
, August 31, 2013, 59.

105
. Gilbert Omenn, “Update of the SMRB Working Group on the Value of Biomedical Research,”
http://smrb.od.nih.gov/documents/presentations/2013/VOBR_01142013.pdf
.

106
. Margaret E. Blume-Kohout, “Does Targeted, Disease-Specific Public Research Funding Influence Pharmaceutical Innovation?”
Journal of Policy Analysis and Management
31 (2012): 641–60 (on the effect of NIH funding on discovery and testing of new drugs); Andrew A. Toole, “Does Public Scientific Research Complement Private Investment in Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry?”
Journal of Law & Economics
50 (2007): 81–104 (on how NIH funding is complementary to and stimulates private industry investment); Andrew A. Toole, “The Impact of Public Basic Research on Industrial Innovation: Evidence from the Pharmaceutical Industry,”
Research Policy
41 (2012): 1–12.

107
. Ashley J. Stevens, Jonathan J. Jensen, Katrine Wyller, Patrick C. Kilgore, Sabarni Chatterjee, & Mark L. Rohrbaugh, “The Role of Public-Sector Research in the Discovery of Drugs and Vaccines,”
New England Journal of Medicine
364 (2011): 535–41.

108
. Simon Tripp and Martin Greuber,
Economic Impact of the Human Genome Project
, May 2011,
http://battelle.org/docs/default-document-library/economic_impact_of_the_human_genome_project.pdf
.

109
.
Brian W. Cashell, “Social Security, Saving, and the Economy,” in Paul O. Deaven & William H. Andrews, eds.,
Social Security: New Issues and Developments
(2008), 103–6.

110
. Paula Stephan,
How Economics Shapes Science
(2012), 6–7.

111
. Derek Bok,
The Trouble with Government
(2001), 143–44.

112
. Lisa Fleisher, “ ‘Good Behavior’ Still Pays Off,”
Wall Street Journal
, September 25, 2013.

113
. Jim Manzi,
Uncontrolled: The Surprising Payoff of Trial-and-Error for Business, Politics, and Society
(2012), 202–4.

114
. Matthew Yglesias, “The Unforgiving Math of School Segregation,”
Slate
, July 3, 2012,
http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2013/07/03/unforgiving_math_of_school_segregation.html?wpisrc=newsletter_jcr:content
.

115
. See, e.g., James B. Jacobs,
Can Gun Control Work?
(2002).

116
. See, e.g., James Q. Wilson, “Criminal Justice,” in Schuck & Wilson, eds.,
Understanding America
, 483–85.

CHAPTER 12: REMEDIES: LOWERING GOVERNMENT’S FAILURE RATE

1
. Nelson W. Polsby, “The Political System,” in Peter H. Schuck & James Q. Wilson, eds.,
Understanding America: The Anatomy of an Exceptional Nation
(2008), 23.

2
. Derek Bok,
The Trouble with Government
(2001).

3
. See, e.g., Benjamin I. Page & Robert Y. Shapiro,
The Rational Public
(1992).

4
. “Poll: Attitudes toward Gays Changing Fast,”
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2012/12/05/poll-from-gay-marriage-to-adoption-attitudes-changing-fast/1748873/
.

5
. See, e.g., Robert N. Bellah, Richard Madsen, William M. Sullivan, Ann Swidler, & Steven M. Tipton,
Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life
(1985); Mary Ann Glendon,
Rights Talk: The Impoverishment of Political Discourse
(2008); and Cass R. Sunstein,
After the Rights Revolution: Reconceiving the Regulatory State
(1990).

6
. See, e.g., Stephen Breyer,
Breaking the Vicious Circle: Toward Effective Risk Regulation
(1993); Sunstein,
After the Rights Revolution
; Philip K. Howard,
The Death of Common Sense: How Law Is Suffocating America
(1994).

7
. David S. Law & Mila Versteeg, “The Declining Influence of the United States Constitution,”
New York University Law Review
87 (2012): 762–858.

8
. Sanford Levinson,
Our Undemocratic Constitution: Where the Constitution Goes Wrong (And How We the People Can Correct It)
(2006); Sanford Levinson,
Framed: America’s
51 Constitutions and the Crisis of Governance
(2012).

9
. National Conference of State Legislatures, “Gubernatorial Veto Authority with Respect to Major Budget Bill(s),” December 2008,
http://www.ncsl.org/issues-research/budget/gubernatorial-veto-authority-with-respect-to-major.aspx
.

10
. Bruce E. Cain, “Redistricting Commissions: A Better Political Buffer?”
Yale Law Journal
121 (2012): 1808–44.

11
. See, e.g., Thomas Mann & Norman Ornstein,
It’s Even Worse Than It Looks: How the American Constitutional System Collided with the New Politics of Extremism
(2012); and Bok,
The Trouble with Government
, chap. 11.

12
. Norman Ornstein, “Congress Needs a Five-Day Workweek (Most of the Time),” May 26, 2009,
http://www.rollcall.com/issues/54_136/-35207–1.html
.

13
. Mann & Ornstein,
It’s Even Worse Than It Looks
.

14
. See, e.g., Amy Gutmann & Dennis Thompson,
The Spirit of Compromise: Why Governing Demands It and Campaigning Undermines It
(2012).

15
. See, e.g., Richard L. Hasen, “Why Washington Can’t Be Fixed,”
Slate
, May 9, 2012,
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2012/05/thomas_mann_and_norman_ornstein_s_ideas_won_t_solve_washington_s_gridlock_.single.html#pagebreak_anchor_2
.

16
. “Processing Power,”
Economist
, March 30, 2013, 63–64.

17
. Beth Simone Noveck,
Wiki Government: How Technology Can Make Government Better, Democracy Stronger, and Citizens More Powerful
(2009).

18
. Tom Baker, “On the Geneaology of Moral Hazard,”
Texas Law Review
75 (1996): 237–92.

19
. Justin Gillis, “Rebuilding the Shores, Increasing the Risks,”
New York Times
, April 9, 2013.

20
. “Audit Says Katrina Aid May Have Been Misspent,”
Wall Street Journal
, April 4, 2013.

21
. See, generally, “Point/Counterpoint,” Journal of Policy Analysis & Management 30 (2011): 381–400; and
Conclusions of the Financial Crisis Commission
,
http://fcic-static.law.stanford.edu/cdn_media/fcic-reports/fcic_final_report_conclusions.pdf
.

22
. See Alex J. Pollock, “We Don’t Need GSEs,” testimony before the House Financial Services Committee, June 12, 2013,
http://financialservices.house.gov/uploadedfiles/hhrg-113-ba00-wstate-apollock-20130612.pdf
.

23
. Dwight Jaffee & John M. Quigley,
The Future of the Government Sponsored Enterprises: The Role for Government in the U.S. Mortgage Market
, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper #17685 (December 2011).

24
. Gretchen Morgenson, “Mortgages’ Future Looks Too Much Like the Past,”
New York Times
, March 24, 2012.

25
. Bipartisan Policy Center, “Housing America’s Future: New Directions for National Policy,”
http://bipartisanpolicy.org/library/report/housing-america’s-future-new-directions-national-policy
.

26
. Morgenson, “Mortgages’ Future Looks Too Much Like the Past.”

27
. See, e.g., Robert J. Schiller,
Irrational Exuberance
, 2nd ed. (2005).

28
. Jesse Eisinger, “Overhaul Efforts Reflect Few Lessons of Housing Crisis,”
New York Times
, June 13, 2013.

29
. See, e.g., Robert Kuttner,
Debtors’ Prison: The Politics of Austerity Versus Possibility
(2013).

30
. See, e.g., Mark H. Moore,
Recognizing Public Value
(2013). See also the Brookings Institution’s new Center for Management and Leadership,
http://www.brookings.edu/about/projects/management-and-leadership
.

31
. Peter F. Drucker,
The Practice of Management
(1954).

32
. Elaine Kamarck,
Lessons for the Future of Government Reform
, June 18, 2013 (testimony before House Committee on Oversight and Reform),
http://www.brookings.edu/research/testimony/2013/06/18-reinventing-government-future-reform-kamarck
.

33
. John D. Donahue,
The Warping of Government Work
(2008).

34
. Milton Friedman,
Capitalism and Freedom
(1962).

35
. See, e.g., Paul Peterson, “First Systematic Study of School Vouchers and College Enrollment Shows Large Effects for African-Americans,” August 23, 2012,
http://www.hks.harvard.edu/news-events/news/pressreleases/vouchers_college-enrollment
.

36
. Cancer Action Network, “Opportunities for Employees to Purchase Exchange Coverage,”
http://www.acscan.org/pdf/healthcare/implementation/background/OpportunitiesEmployees.pdf
.

37
. Richard H. Thaler & Cass R. Sunstein,
Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness
(2008).

38
. Fedral Trade Commission, “FTC Announces Robocall Challenge Winners,”
http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2013/04/robocall.shtm
.

39
. Bipartisan Policy Center, “The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: Measuring the Progress of a New Agency,” September 24, 2013,
http://bipartisanpolicy.org/library/report/healthcare-cost-containment
;
http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2013/07/02/competitive-bidding-in-medicare-a-response-to-the-bipartisanpolicy-centers-proposal/
.

40
. Donahue,
The Warping of Government Work
, 115.

41
. Robert H. Frank, “Heads, You Win. Tails, You Win, Too,”
New York Times
, January 6, 2013.

42
. Mariana Mazzucato,
The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking Public vs. Private Sector Myths
(2013).

43
. Kauffman Task Force on Law, Innovation, and Growth,
Rules for Growth: Promoting Innovation and Growth through Legal Reform
, (2011).