Why Government Fails So Often: And How It Can Do Better (81 page)

44
.
Theoretical Inquiries in Law
, volume 15 (forthcoming 2014).

45
. John D. Donahue & Richard J. Zeckhauser,
Collaborative Governance: Private Roles for Public Goals in Turbulent Times
(2011).

46
. Cass Sunstein,
Simpler
(2013), chap. 8.

47
. Tyler Cowen, “More Freedom on the Airplane (If Nowhere Else),”
New York Times
, November 17, 2013.

48
. Norman Ornstein & Thomas E. Mann, “If You Give a Congressman a Cookie,”
New York Times
, January 19, 2006.

49
. See, e.g., David Schoenbrod, “The Honest Deal: How to Get Our Politicians to Work for Us” (unpublished manuscript, 2013).

50
. John Bridgeland & Peter Orzag, “Can Government Play Moneyball?”
Atlantic
, July–August 2013, 63.

51
. Ibid., 65.

52
. Michael Abramowicz, Ian Ayres, & Yair Listokin, “Randomizing Law,”
University of Pennsylvania Law Review
159 (2011): 931.

53
. Ibid.

54
. Jim Manzi,
Uncontrolled: The Surprising Payoff of Trial-and Error for Business, Politics, and Society
(2012), 146.

55
. Ibid., 197–98.

56
. See, generally, Judith M. Gueron & Howard Rolston,
Fighting for Reliable Evidence
(2013).

57
. “Being Good Pays,”
Economist
, August 18, 2012, 28.

58
. William Alden, “Goldman Sachs to Finance Early Education Program,”
New York Times
, June 13, 2013.

59
. Viktor Mayer-Schonberger & Kenneth Cukier,
Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think
(2013).

60
. Sunstein,
Simpler
, 216.

61
. John Markoff, “Unreported Side Effects of Drugs Are Found Using Internet Search Data, Study Finds,”
New York Times
, March 7, 2013; Peter Huber,
The Cure in the Code: How 20th Century Law Is Undermining 21st Century Medicine
(2013).

62
. See, e.g., Yochai Benkler,
The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom
(2006).

63
. See, e.g., Timothy D. Lytton,
Kosher: Private Regulation in the Age of Industrial Food
(2013); and Ross E. Cheit,
Setting Safety Standards in the Public and Private Sectors
(1990).

64
. John M. Broder, “Environmentalists’ Complaint Exposes Rift between ‘Green’ Certification Groups,”
New York Times
, June 1, 2013.

65
. Sam Roudman, “Bank of America’s Toxic Tower,”
http://www.newrepublic.com/article/113942/bank-america-tower-and-leed-ratings-racket?utm_campaign=tnr-daily-newsletter&utm_source=hs_email&utm_medium=email&utm_content=9771660
.

66
. Stephanie Strom, “Seeking Food Ingredients That Aren’t Gene-Altered,”
New York Times
, May 27, 2013.

67
. Bok,
The Trouble with Government
, 166–67. Bok wrote a decade before the NCAA’s
more recent failures, chronicled in Taylor Branch,
The Cartel: Inside the Rise and Imminent Fall of the NCAA
(2011).

68
. Caroline Hoxby & Sarah Turner,
Expanding College Opportunities for High-Achieving, Low Income Students
, SIEPR Discussion Paper 12–014,
http://siepr.stanford.edu/?q=/system/files/shared/pubs/papers/12–014paper.pdf
.

69
. James R. Hagerty, “Tapping Crowds for Military Design,”
Wall Street Journal
, August 17, 2012.

70
. Cogressional Budget Office, “FairValue Accounting for Federal Credit Programs,”
http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/03–05-FairValue_Brief.pdf
.

71
. Glenn Kessler, “Elizabeth Warren’s Claim That the U.S. Earns $51 Billion in Profits on Student Loans,”
Washington Post
, July 11, 2013.

72
. Peter H. Schuck, “Against (and for) Madison: An Essay in Praise of Factions,”
Yale Law & Policy Review
15 (1997): 589–91, nn 135 and 138.

73
. Office of Management and Budget, “The Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010: A Description,”
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/paygo_description
.

74
. Matt Cover, “U.S. Government’s Ex-Im Bank Gave 44% of Its Financing to Just 3 Companies,”
http://cnsnews.com/news/article/us-governments-ex-im-bank-gave-44-its-financing-just-3-companies
.

75
. Dani Rodrik & Richard J. Zeckhauser, “The Dilemma of Government Responsiveness,”
Journal of Policy Analysis & Management
7 (1988): 601–20.

76
. See, e.g.,
Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Assn. v. State Farm Insurance Co.
, 463 U.S. 29 (1983) (invalidating agency policy change); and
Permian Basin Area Rate Cases
, 390 U.S. 747 (1968) (upholding agency policy change).

77
. Michael Abramowicz & Ian Ayres, “Commitment Bonds,”
Georgetown Law Journal
100 (2012): 605–656.

78
. Peter H. Schuck,
Suing Government: Citizen Remedies for Official Wrongs
(1983), 188–89.

79
. Paul C. Light, “The Sequester Is an Overhaul Opportunity,”
Wall Street Journal
, March 21, 2013.

80
. See, e.g.,
Tax Notes
, April 29, 2013, 488–89.

81
. David Freeman Engstrom, “Whither Whistleblowing? Bounty Regimes, Regulatory Context, and the Case of Workplace Safety,”
Theoretical Inquiries in Law
15 (forthcoming, 2014).

82
. Peter H. Schuck, “Legal Complexity: Some Causes, Consequences, and Cures,” in Peter H. Schuck,
The Limits of Law: Essays on Democratic Governance
(2000), chap. 1; originally published in
Duke Law Journal
42 (1992): 1–52.

83
. “Fixing the Republic,” Schumpeter,
Economist
, April 20, 2013, 72.

84
. See, e.g., Michael J. Graetz,
100 Million Unnecessary Returns: A Simple, Fair, and Competitive Tax Plan for the United States
(2007).

85
. PR Newswire, “Nationwide Survey Shows Large Majorities of U.S. Voters Want Federal Government Simplified,” December 11, 2012,
http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nationwide-survey-shows-large-majorities-of-us-voters-want-federal-government-simplified-183002071.html
.

86
. Ibid., 4–6.

87
. See, e.g., Martha Derthick,
Keeping the Compound Republic: Essays on American Federalism
(2001).

88
. See, generally, Carl E. Van Horn, ed.,
The State of the States
, 4th ed. (2006).

89
. Thaler & Sunstein,
Nudge
.

90
. For a less benign view of this form of regulatory paternalism, see Donald J. Boudreaux’s review of Sunstein’s
Simpler
,
Wall Street Journal
, April 24, 2013, emphasizing the risk of perverse consequences and reduced liberty.

91
. Sunstein,
Simpler
, chap. 5.

92
.
George Loewenstein et al., “Consumers’ Misunderstanding of Health Insurance,”
Journal of Health Economics
32 (2013): 850–62.

93
. Sunstein,
Simpler
, introduction.

94
. See, e.g., Thomas C. Leonard, “Richard H. Thaler, Cass R. Sunstein, Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness” (review),
http://www.princeton.edu/~tleonard/reviews/nudge.pdf
; Alan Schwartz, “The Rationality Assumption in Consumer Law,” unpublished ms., October 2013.

95
. Sunstein,
Simpler
, chap. 8.

96
. See Exec. Order 13,563, 76 Fed. Reg. 3821 (January 18, 2011).

97
. Philip K. Howard,
The Death of Common Sense
.

98
. Peter H. Schuck, “The New Judicial Ideology of Tort Law,” in Walter Olson, ed.,
New Directions in Liability Law
(1988), 4–17; Peter H. Schuck, “Why Regulating Guns through Litigation Won’t Work,” in Timothy Lytton, ed.,
Suing the Gun Industry: A Battle at the Crossroads of Gun Control and Mass Torts
(2005), chap. 9. For more systematic critiques, see Stephen D. Sugarman,
Doing Away with Personal Injury Law
(1989); and Jeffrey O’Connell,
The Blame Game: Injuries, Insurance, and Injustice
(1987).

99
. Paul C. Light,
A Government Ill-Executed: The Decline of the Federal Service and How to Reverse It
(2008), chap. 8.

100
. Ibid., 215–16.

101
. Ibid., 224–38.

CHAPTER 13: CONCLUSION

1
. James Q. Wilson,
Thinking about Crime
(1975), 198–99.

Index

Aaron, Henry,
337
–
39

Abramowicz, Michael,
392
,
400

adaptability,
115
,
128
,
138
,
172
–
73
,
179
,
180
–
81
,
242

administrative agencies: adjudication,
72
,
169
; administrative law judge,
72
; Administrative Procedures Act,
72
,
299
; bureaucratic organization of,
19
,
73
; discretion in,
299
–
300
; information gathering by,
169
; missions, of
78
–
79
; nondelegation doctrine and,
73
,
298
; rule making,
72
,
169
,
285
–
86
; single-mission,
154
; staff of,
9

Affordable Care Act,
9
,
15
–
16
,
60
,
76
,
98
,
123
,
144
,
147
–
49
,
165
,
167
,
200
,
203
,
387
,
392
; definition of affordable,
296
; expansion of Medicaid,
185
,
400
; policy uncertainty of,
188
–
90
; rollout of,
188
–
89
; small business exemptions,
403
; Supreme Court and,
188

Airline Deregulation Act of 1978,
59
,
133
,
328
,
354
–
56

Alesina, Alberto,
111
–
12

Alstott, Ann,
353
–
54

alternative minimum tax,
61

American Bar Association,
215

American Enterprise Institute,
23
,
144