1938 (53 page)

148
On July 24 Hitler’s secretary:
Bock,
Österreichs Stifte
, 12.

148
A NAPOLA was established:
Spevak,
St Pölten
, 31–32, 35.

148
The compensation was in the form:
Irving,
Göring
, 222.

148
He was back at the grindstone:
Irving,
Göring
, 223.

148
As early as June 16, Hitler had reiterated:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 349.

149
Wiedemann was a succession:
Martha Schad,
Hitlers Spionin
(Munich, 2002), 96.

149
Princess Stephanie survived the storm:
Schad,
Hitlers Spionin
, 98–102.

150
Not so long ago he had to take:
Lang,
Wolff
, 96.

150
There were the usual works by Ziegler:
Grunberger,
Social History
, 537–538.

150
Hitler lent huge support:
Adam,
Arts of the Third Reich
, 115.

150
They were exhibited at:
Arno Breker,
Im Strahlungsfeld der Ereignisse
(Preussisch Oldendorf, 1972), 109.

150
The Munichois were quick:
Hellmut Lehmann-Haupt,
Art Under a Dictatorship
(New York, 1954), 114.

151
The sculptor Arno Breker:
Grunberger,
Social History
, 540, 543.

151
“We are hoping in this way:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 97, 399.

151
What failed to sell:
Hildegard Brenner,
Die Kunstpolitik des Nationalsozialismus
(Munich, 1963).

151
the original idea had been Stefan Zweig’s:
The libretto was eventually written by Joseph Gregor.

151
Hitler did not attend:
Grunberger,
Social History
, 522; Michael Kennedy,
Richard Strauss
(Oxford, 1995), 95–97.

151
In the village he met people:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 390.

152
He had lost his librettist to Buchenwald:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 366.

152
The fruit of the discussion:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 393.

152
“the struggle towards a life:
Grunberger,
Social History
, 519.

152
Goebbels thought the sets for
Parsifal
:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 394–395.

152
Goebbels thought it useful propaganda:
Frederick S. Potts,
Bayreuth: A History of the Wagner Festival
(New Haven, 1994), 165.

153
Wagner’s father, Ludwig Geyer, might have been a Jew:
“
Ein Geyer ist beinahe schon ein Adler
” (“A vulture—Geyer—is almost an eagle—Adler”). The rumor was first put about by Nietzsche, who pointed out that Geyer was almost as Jewish a name as Adler.
Der Fall Wagner
, Taschen Ausgabe (Leipzig, n.d.), 2:213.

153
Goebbels had no patience:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 366.

153
Winifred was able to invoke:
Hamann,
Winifred Wagner
, 289.

153
He also boasted:
Hamann,
Winifred Wagner
, 291–292.

153
In June she was allegedly insulted:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 331.

153
In Breslau Hitler and Goebbels:
Lang,
Wolff
, 99.

153
“The hatred between the Czechs and the Germans:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 401.

153
“What are we going to do:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher, Teil 1, Band VI–August 1938–Juni 1939
, 29–30.

154
Hitler indulged in one:
Hamann,
Winifred Wagner
, 293.

154
The report also signaled:
Rosenkranz,
Verfolgung
, 67.

154
“The doors slammed shut:
Wiechert tells his story in the third person.

155
He estimated that 117 prisoners:
Reich and Reich,
Zweier Zeugen Mund
, 209.

155
In July alone, 103 prisoners:
Wiechert,
Totenwald
, 108–109, 114.

155
Very few of those who indulged:
Kautsky,
Teufel und Verdamte
, 146, 196.

155
One way he found of dealing:
Wiechert,
Totenwald
, 119.

155
On August 3, the minister wrote:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, VI,
32.

156
“Jews, fear this devil not!:
Reich and Reich,
Zweier Zeugen Mund
, 224. 156
He spent a year:
Kautsky,
Teufel und Verdamte
, 137.

156
“Jews and Christians, united:
Reich and Reich,
Zweier Zeugen Mund
, 185.

157
“The loveliest holidays of my life!”:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 367.

157
“It is so good to possess a person:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, VI
, 32.

157
“Let us hope:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, VI
, 34, 38.

158
“The Führer is like a father:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, VI
, 44.

158
even angrier with Goebbels:
Hassell,
Diary
, 11.

158
“A very long and very sad telephone:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, VI
, 44.

159 “
repulsive caricatures of Jewish individuals:
Daily Telegraph
, August 3, 1938.

159
There was space given to the Goldschmidts:
Daily Telegraph
, August 6, 1938.

159
The show had been put on first in Munich:
Neue Freie Presse
, August 3, 1938.

160
The organizers nonetheless asked:
Rosenkranz,
Verfolgung
, 153.

160
“the same as in Vienna:
FLA, Germany Files, FSC/GE/5, Factual Notes on a German Trip by D. Robert Yarnall, December 7, 1938.

160
The London
Times
claimed:
Times
, August 5, 1938.

160
could only add to their despair:
Daily Telegraph
, August 15, 1938.

160
On August 17, the Party forced Jews:
Prager Presse
, August 26, 1938; Hilberg,
Destruction
, 1:175–176.

160
Three days later, the various Jewish:
Neue Wiener Presse
, August 22, 1938.

160
The jumpy Swiss:
Wiener Zeitung
, August 19, 1938.

160
The next day the British press:
Daily Telegraph
, August 6, 8, 9, 1938.

160
Another showed a Jew:
Der Stürmer
34, August 1938.

161
He was sent to prison:
Daily Telegraph
, August 13, 1938.

161
“We don’t want these people:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, VI
, 54.

162
Meanwhile ordinary Germans:
Klepper,
Tagebücher
, 627.

162
“We must aim for surprise:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, VI
, 48.

162
It was Göring’s first peace feeler:
Irving,
Göring
, 224–225.

162
His plea fell on deaf ears:
Meehan,
Unnecessary War
, 140.

163
“Probably Anschluss,”:
Catchpool Papers, letter from Sir Robert Vansittart, August 8, 1938.

163
Colvin needed to tell the British:
Colvin,
Intelligence
, 55.

163
“An open pledge to assist:
Colvin,
Intelligence
, 62.

164
Lord Lloyd, chairman of the British Council:
Lloyd was to come into his own as secretary for the colonies under Churchill.

164
Hitler was “Revenge for Königgrätz.”:
In the battle of Königgrätz in 1866, the Prussians defeated the Austrian army and established hegemony over north Germany.

164
Deny him Sudetenland:
Scheurig,
Kleist-Schmenzin
, 154, 158, 164–165.

164
“utterly and terribly defeated.”:
Colvin,
Intelligence
, 67. Colvin was a friend and confidant of Kleist’s.

164
“We must discount:
Meehan,
Unnecessary War
, 144.

165
On the 27th, the Sudeten leader:
Helmuth Groscurth,
Tagebücher eines Abwehroffiziers 1938–1940
(Stuttgart, 1970), 104.

165 “
a lot of treason.”:
Klemperer,
German Resistance
, 103–104.

165
“I must warn you against:
Colvin,
Intelligence
, 54.

166
The British ambassador in Berlin:
PRO FO C3401 254.

166
Siegfried or “Fred” Richter:
His own family called him Onkel Siegl.

166
Once, in a tram, he pressed a wad of cash:
Conversation with Mrs. Chapman, Richter’s niece, September 13, 2000.

168
He proved obdurate:
All these details in Richter’s trial before the Volksgerichthof: 1 J 172/38g 3 L 46/39.

170
No reason had been given so far:
Daily Express
, August 13, 15, 17, 19, 20;
Daily Telegraph
, August 20, 1938.

170
On August 22 it was revealed that Kendrick:
Neue Freie Presse
, August 23, 1938;
Daily Telegraph
, August 22, 1938.

170
Kendrick had been running:
Prager Presse
, August 19, 1938.

170
“Kendrick’s attempted departure:
PRO FO C8453/261.

170
Kendrick was released at midday:
Times,
August 22, 1938.

170
He left for Budapest after lunch:
PRO FO C8533/270.

170
It appeared that Ribbentrop was angry:
PRO FO C8454/263.

170
The Anglophobe Ribbentrop:
Prager Presse
, August 21, 1938.

170
His second-in-command, Kenneth Benton:
Peggie Benton,
Baltic Countdown
(Pontwell, 1984), 11.

170
Mary Holmes and Betty Hodgson:
Nigel West,
MI6
(London, 1983), 58.

170
Eric Gedye, the
Morning Chronicle
’s correspondent:
Conversation with Mrs. Litzi Gedye, June 14, 2000; West,
MI6
, 115.

170
The vice consul, Walker, elected:
PRO FO 8564/274.

170
Frank Foley and his entire staff:
Smith,
Foley
, 116.

170
“It is altogether a most unfortunate:
PRO FO C8982/241/18.

171
A temporary incumbent, the Reverend:
Guildhall Library, Uncatalogued, Cologne Chaplaincy, File 1936, 1950–7, Rev. F. E. Collard letter to Mr. Williams of April 7, 1950.

171
Possibly Batty ordained him in 1936:
Mrs. Collard, daughter-in-law of Fred Collard, remembers attending his ordination in Saint Paul’s Cathedral. Telephone conversation, August 15, 2000.

171
The Gestapo drove the crowd away:
PRO FO C85264/309–310; PRO FO C8756.

171
Collard was taken to the Metropole:
Conversation with Mrs. Collard, August 15, 2000. She said he was proud of what he had done for the Jews, and while he remained in Cologne, he used to tell them, “Get out, and go as far as you can.”

172
“few hundred refugees:
BBD Acc/3121/BO4/WE24, Weisl to Waldman, August 29, 1938.

172
“In recent days the emigration:
Rosenkranz,
Verfolgung
, 89.

172
“Approaches to the British consulate in Vienna:
George Lane-Fox Pitt-Rivers,
The Czech Conspiracy
(London, 1938), 73–74.

173
Batty must have lost heart:
PRO FO C8673/321–323.

174
The Swedish pastor:
Weinzierl,
Zu wenig Gerechte
, 103, 111.

174
Younger members of the mission:
Ulrich Trinks, “Die schwedische Mission in der Seegasse,”
Dialog-Du Siach
43, June 2001.

174
Sir Geoffrey Mander tabled:
Communicated by Professor Munro Price.

174
Grimes contacted the Foreign Office:
PRO FO C8564/274.

174
Grimes possibly objected:
PRO FO C8673/286.

175
He insisted that the British would not move a muscle:
Ribbentrop’s diplomacy has been rightly condemned for its crassness, but in this evaluation he was correct.

176
“The English [
sic
] will do anything:
Ciano,
Ciano’s Diary
, 148.

176
“None of these all-too-polite Englishmen:
Meehan,
Unnecessary War
, 154.

177
It had been the ambassador’s idea:
Kley,
Hitler, Ribbentrop
, 122.

177
the British premier didn’t tell his “Inner Cabinet”:
Meehan,
Unnecessary War
, 156.