From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776 (195 page)

14
. Christopher Endy, "Travel and World Power: Americans in Europe, 1890–1917,"
Diplomatic History
22 (Fall 1998), 565–94.

15
. Collin, "Symbiosis," 483–84.

16
. Crichton,
America 1900,
30.

17
. Volker Berghahn, "Philanthropy and Diplomacy in the 'American Century,' "
Diplomatic History
23 (Summer 1999), 393–96; Richard Pells,
Not Like Us: How Europeans Have Loved, Hated, and Transformed American Culture Since World War II
(New York, 1997), 7.

18
. Merle Curti,
American Philanthropy Abroad
(New Brunswick, N.J., 1963), 216–17, 222–23; Berghahn, "Philanthropy," 397–98.

19
. Berghahn, "Philanthropy," 397–98.

20
. Shannon Smith, "From Relief to Revolution: American Women and the Russian-American Relationship, 1890–1917,"
Diplomatic History
19 (Fall 1995), 607–15.

21
. Judith Papachristou, "American Women and Foreign Policy, 1898–1905,"
Diplomatic History
14 (Fall 1990), 493–509.

22
. Jeanne Zeidler, "Samuel Chapman Armstrong's Vision: Hampton's Girdle Around the World," paper presented at the Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association, August 1995; Michael O. West, "The Tuskegee Model of Development in Africa: Another Dimension of the African/African American Connection,
Diplomatic History
16 (Summer 1992), 371–87.

23
. Tunde Adeleke,
Nineteenth-Century Black Nationalists and the Civilizing Mission
(Lexington, Ky., 1998), 137–139.

24
. Gould,
Roosevelt,
13.

25
. Jacob Heilbrun, "Larger than Life,"
New York Times Book Review
(December 30, 2001), 7.

26
. Robert C. Hilderbrand,
Power and the People: Executive Management of Public Opinion in Foreign Affairs, 1877–1921
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 1981), 53–55.

27
. Ibid.; Walter LaFeber, "The 'Lion in the Path': The U.S. Emergence as a World Power,"
Political Science Quarterly
101, no. 5 (1986), 716–18.

28
. Joseph A. Fry,
Dixie Looks Abroad: The South and U.S. Foreign Relations, 1789–1973
(Baton Rouge, La., 2002), 134–37.

29
. Gould,
Roosevelt,
136.

30
. Frank Ninkovich, "Theodore Roosevelt: Civilization as Ideology,"
Diplomatic History
10 (Summer 1986), 233.

31
. Ibid.; Serge Ricard, "Theodore Roosevelt and the Diplomacy of Righteousness,"
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal
12 (Winter 1986), 3–4.

32
. Richard Hume Werking,
The Master Architects: Building the United States Foreign Service, 1890–1913
(Lexington, Ky., 1977), 93.

33
. Walter LaFeber, "Technology and U.S. Foreign Relations,"
Diplomatic History
24 (Winter 2000), 7.

34
. George Mowry,
The Era of Theodore Roosevelt, 1900–1912
(New York, 1958), 43, 121; Walter Isaacson and Evan Thomas,
The Wise Men: Six Friends and the World They Made
(New York, 1986), 28–29, 186–87, 244, 336.

35
. Gould,
Roosevelt,
123; Allan R. Millett and Peter Maslowski,
For the Common Defense: A Military History of the United States of America
(New York, 1984), 299–319.

36
. Gould,
Roosevelt,
43.

37
. Ibid., 263; Millett and Maslowski,
Common Defense,
299–309.

38
. Warren Frederick Ilchman,
Professional Diplomacy in the United States, 1779–1939
(Chicago, 1961), 111.

39
. Werking,
Master Architects,
129.

40
. Jane C. Loeffler, "The Architecture of Diplomacy,"
Journal of the Society of Architecture Historians
49 (September 1990), 251–55.

41
. Norman E. Saul,
Concord and Conflict: The United States and Russia, 1867–1914
(Lawrence, Kans., 1996), 474–77.

42
. Ibid.; Stuart E. Knee, "The Diplomacy of Neutrality: Theodore Roosevelt and the Russian Pogroms of 1903–1906,"
Presidential Studies Quarterly
19 (Winter 1989), 71–73.

43
. Knee, "Neutrality," 73–74; Gould,
Roosevelt,
89–90; John Lewis Gaddis,
Russia, the Soviet Union, and the United States: An Interpretive History
(2nd ed., New York, 1990), 42–43.

44
. Knee, "Neutrality," 72–73.

45
. Gaddis,
Russia,
43–46; Saul,
Concord and Conflict,
523–37, 567.

46
. Alexander DeConde,
Ethnicity, Race and American Foreign Policy
(Boston, 1992), 71.

47
. Michael H. Hunt,
The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914
(New York, 1983), 228.

48
. Delber McKee, "The Chinese Boycott of 1905–1906 Reconsidered: The Role of Chinese-Americans,"
Pacific Historical Review
55 (May 1986), 171.

49
. Hunt,
Special Relationship,
228–34.

50
. Delber McKee, "The Boxer Indemnity Remission: A Damage Control Device,"
Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations Newsletter
23 (March 1992), 10.

51
. Hunt,
Special Relationship,
243.

52
. McKee, "Indemnity," 13: Hunt,
Special Relationship,
270.

53
. Walter LaFeber,
The Clash: U.S. Japanese Relations Through History
(New York, 1997), 88.

54
. Charles E. Neu,
The Troubled Encounter: The United States and Japan
(New York, 1975), 48–49.

55
. Gould,
Roosevelt,
258.

56
. Neu,
Troubled Encounter,
51.

57
. James R. Reckner,
Teddy Roosevelt's Great White Fleet
(Annapolis, Md., 1982).

58
. Charles DeBenedetti,
The Peace Reform in American History
(Bloomington, Ind., 1984), 65–68, 79–83.

59
. Curti,
Philanthropy,
198.

60
. Gould,
Roosevelt,
149.

61
. Hilderbrand,
Power and the People,
86–87; Richard W. Leopold,
The Growth of American Foreign Policy: A History
(New York, 1962), 284–90.

62
. Saul,
Concord,
440–44; Geoffrey Best, "Peace Conferences and the Century of Total War,"
International Affairs
75, no. 3 (1999), 623, 631.

63
. Leopold,
American Foreign Policy,
292.

64
. Saul,
Concord,
522.

65
. Gould,
Roosevelt,
173.

66
. Ninkovich, "Roosevelt," 241.

67
. Gould,
Roosevelt,
182.

68
. Howard K. Beale,
Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of America to World Power
(New York, 1962), 236–39.

69
. H. W. Brands,
TR: The Last Romantic
(New York, 1997), 534.

70
. Beale,
Rise to World Power,
265.

71
. Saul,
Concord,
504.

72
. Eugene Trani,
The Treaty of Portsmouth: An Adventure in American Diplomacy
(Lexington, Ky., 1969).

73
. Saul,
Concord,
505; LaFeber,
Clash,
84.

74
. Gould,
Roosevelt,
185.

75
. LaFeber,
Clash,
92.

76
. Serge Ricard, "Theodore Roosevelt: Principles and Practices of a Foreign Policy,"
Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal
28 (Fall/Winter 1992), 4.

77
. Beale,
Rise to World Power,
331.

78
. Cabán,
Colonial People
, 124.

79
. Ibid., 90–91.

80
. Gervasio Luis García, " 'I Am the Other': Puerto Rico in the Eyes of North Americans, 1898,"
Journal of American History
87 (June 2000), 40–41.

81
. Cabán,
Colonial People,
105.

82
. Wolfgang Binder, "The Tropical Garden and the Mahanesque Resting Place in the Caribbean: Remarks on the Early Incorporation of Puerto Rico by the United States of America," in Serge Ricard, ed.,
An American Empire: Expansionist Cultures and Policies
,
1881–1917
(Aix-en-Provence, 1990), 100.

83
. García, "Puerto Rico," 49–50.

84
. Stanley Karnow,
In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines
(New York, 1989), 228.

85
. Ibid., 204–9.

86
. Ibid., 209.

87
. Ibid, 247.

88
. Walter LaFeber,
The Panama Canal: The Crisis in Historical Perspective
(New York, 1979), 19–28.

89
. Gould,
Roosevelt
, 95–97.

90
. John Major, "Who Wrote the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Convention?"
Diplomatic History
8 (Spring 1984), 115–23.

91
. Collin, "Symbiosis Versus Hegemony," 477–79.

92
. Howard Jones,
The Course of American Diplomacy
(New York, 1985), 248.

93
. J. Michael Hogan, "Theodore Roosevelt and the Heroes of Panama,"
Presidential Studies Quarterly
19 (Winter 1989), 79, 86, 89.

94
. LaFeber,
Panama Canal,
53–54; Cyrus Veeser, "Inventing Dollar Diplomacy: The Gilded Age Origins of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine,"
Diplomatic History
27 (June 2003), 301–26.

95
. Lars Schoultz,
Beneath the United States: A History of U.S. Policy Toward Latin America
(Cambridge, Mass., 1998), 180.

96
. Nancy Mitchell, "The Height of the German Challenge: The Venezuela Blockade, 1902–1903,"
Diplomatic History
20 (Spring 1996), 190.

97
. Ibid., 200.

98
. Gould,
Roosevelt,
175; the corollary itself is in
Congressional Record
39 (December 6, 1904), part 1, 19.

99
. Schoultz,
Beneath the United States,
183, 188.

100
. Collin, "Symbiosis Versus Hegemony," 488–89.

101
. Emily S. Rosenberg and Norman L. Rosenberg, "From Colonialism to Professionalism: The Public Private Dynamic in United States Financial Advising, 1898–1929,"
Journal of American History
74 (June 1987), 61.

102
. Schoultz,
Beneath the United States,
185–188.

103
. Rosenberg and Rosenberg, "Colonialism to Professionalism," 62–63; Emily S. Rosenberg, "Revisiting Dollar Diplomacy: Narratives of Money and Manliness,"
Diplomatic History
22 (Spring 1998), 159–68.

104
. Hilderbrand,
Power and the People,
76.

105
. Walter Scholes, "Philander Knox, 1909–1913," in Norman A. Graebner, ed.,
An Uncertain Tradition: American Secretaries of State in the Twentieth Century
(New York, 1961), 59–60.

106
. Schoultz,
Beneath the United States,
208.

107
. Rosenberg and Rosenberg, "Colonialism to Professionalism," 65–67; Rosenberg, "Dollar Diplomacy," 166–168.

108
. Cabán,
Colonial People,
103–4.

109
. Schoultz,
Beneath the United States,
209.

110
. Ibid., 214.

111
. Walter LaFeber,
Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America
(New York, 1984), 44; Lester D. Langley,
The Banana Wars: An Inner History of American Empire, 1900–1934
(Lexington, Ky., 1983), 133–34.