Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension Of American Racism (106 page)

Read Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension Of American Racism Online

Authors: James W. Loewen

BOOK: Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension Of American Racism
13.08Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
 
Beecher, Illinois
 
Belair, Maryland
 
Bell, John
 
Bell City, Missouri
 
The Bell Curve
(Hermstein & Murray)
 
Bellingham, Washington
 
Bellwood, Illinois
 
Belmont, Massachusetts
 
Belmont, Mississippi
 
Beloit, Wisconsin
 
Bennett, Lerone
 
Benton, Illinois
 
federal funding
 
present status
 
Benton County, Arkansas
 
Berard, Leo
 
Berch, A.W.
 
Bergman, Peter & Mort
 
Bergmann, Leola
 
Berkley, Michigan
 
Berwyn, Illinois
 
Hispanic residents
 
present status
 
verbal racism
 
violence
 
The Betrayal of the Negro
(Logan)
 
Beverly Hills, California
 
assumptions of privilege
 
black domestic employees
 
present status
 
token desegregation
 
Binet, Alfred
 
Birch, A. W.
 
Birmingham, Alabama
 
Birmingham, Michigan
 
The Birth of a Nation
(Griffith)
 
Bisbee, Arizona
 
Bishoff, Murray
 
Bishop, California
 
Bittle, William E.
 
black Americans
 
all-black towns and townships
 
“auntie” and “uncle” terms
 
avoidance of sundown towns
 
blame for segregation
 
challenges to sundown towns
 
cultural capital
 
driving while black
 
emigration to Canada
 
guidebooks for safe travel
 
impact of sundown towns
 
internalized low expectations
 
jogging while black
 
labor union membership
 
nigger
term
 
nonhousehold blacks
 
“pet Negroes,”
 
psychological costs
 
racist symbols and mascots
 
reasons for exclusion
 
rural origins
 
social connections
 
speech patterns
 
sports
 
strikebreaking activities
 
“Tonto” figures
 
travel through sundown towns
 
urban ghettos
 
walking while black
 
See also
Great Migration
 
“Black and White” (song)
 
Blackburn, Jeanne
 
black English
 
Black Enterprise
(Hayes)
 
Black Hillbillies of the Arkansas Ozarks
(Morgan)
 
black
term
 
black-town movement
 
The Black Towns
(Crockett)
 
Blair, David
 
Blair, Tom
 
Blakely, Allison
 
Blee, Kathleen
 
Blei, Norbert
 
Blocker, Jack, Jr.
 
Bloody Williamson
(Angle)
 
Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
 
Bluffdale, Utah
 
Bluffton, Indiana
 
Blumberg, Leonard
 
Blumer, Herbert
 
Boeckman, Laurel
 
Boehm, Alan
 
Boger, John C.
 
Bogira, Steve
 
Boley, Oklahoma
 
back-to-Africa movement
 
crime stereotypes
 
lynchings
 
Bolivar, Missouri
 
Bonneau, South Carolina
 
Bonners Ferry, Idaho
 
Bontemps, Arna
 
Boone, Tom
 
Boone County, Arkansas
 
Boonville, Indiana
 
Booth, William
 
Boskin, Joseph
 
Boston, Massachusetts
 
Boston Red Sox
 
Boulder City, Nevada
 
Bowen, Cleveland
 
Bowlin, Larry
 
boxing
 
Braden, Olive
 
Braidwood, Illinois
 
Brando, Marlon
 
Branson, Missouri
 
Braxton, Carter
 
Brazilian gated communities
 
Brea, California
 
Breakfast of Champions
(Vonnegut)
 
Breckenridge, John
 
Breese, Illinois
 
Brentwood, Maryland
 
Brentwood, New York
 
Brewer, Melissa Sue
 
Brigham, Carl
 
Bright, Charles
 
Brinkmeyer, Bruce
 
Bronson, Texas
 
Bronxville, New York
 
Brookline, Massachusetts
 
Brooks, Charlotte
 
Brookston, Indiana
 
Brophy, Al
 
Brosi, George
 
Brown, John
 
Brown, Malcolm
 
Brown County, Illinois
 
Browne, Howard, Sr.
 
Brownsburg, Indiana
 
Brownsville, Texas
 
Brown v. Board of Education
 
expulsions of blacks
 
John Birch Society response
 
present status
 
undermined by
Milliken v. Bradley
case
 
Brush, Samuel
 
Bryan, William Jennings
 
Bryant, Howard
 
Bryson, Bill
 
Buchanan, Willie
 
Buchanan County, Virginia
 
Buchanan v. Warley
 
Buchsbaum, Lee
 
Buddhist Americans
 
Buffalo, Illinois
 
Buffalo, New York
 
Bullard, C. K.
 
Bullard, Robert
 
Burbank, California
 
Burhorn, Eleanor
 
Burnside, Kentucky
 
Burnsville, Mississippi
 
Burr, George
 
Burroughs, Edgar Rice
 
Burroughs, Kelly
 
Burroughs, William
 
Burton, Scott
 
Bush, George H. W.
 
Bush, George W.
 
inheritance taxes
 
No Child Left Behind Act
 
popularity in sundown towns
 
sundown town residence
 
buyouts
 
Byrd, James, Jr.
 
By the Color of Our Skin
(Steinhorn)
 
 
Cairo, Illinois
 
early refuge for blacks
 
during the Great Retreat
 
interracial population
 
interracial sports
 
murder of Anna Pelley
 
white-only sports
 
Calhoun County, Illinois
 
California
 
Chinese expulsions
 
county demographics
 
gated communities
 
the Great Retreat
 
Hispanic and Asian residents
 
lynchings
 
present status
 
prohibition of African Americans
 
school segregation
 
vacation resort areas
 
Call, Texas
 
Callcott, George
 
Calumet County, Wisconsin
 
Cambridge, Godfrey
 
Campbell, Clifton and Dolcy
 
Camp Hill, Pennsylvania
 
Camp Lejeune, North Carolina
 
Canadian towns
 
Carbondale, Illinois
 
Carmel, Indiana
 
Carnegie, Dale
 
Carranco, Lynwood
 
Carroll County, Arkansas
 
Carskadon, Harry
 
Carter, Emma
 
Carterville, Illinois
 
car travel.
See
travel through sundown towns
 
Case, Clifford
 
Case Township, Oklahoma
 
Casey, Illinois
 
Cashin, Sheryll
 
caste minorities
 
catalysts of sundown town creation
 
blaming blacks
 
copycat expulsions
 
equality claims
 
individual influences
 
labor struggles
 
origin myths
 
prosperous blacks
 
rape
 
school desegregation

Other books

Clash by C.A. Harms
Under Pressure by Rhonda Lee Carver
The Chilling Spree by LS Sygnet
Borrowing Trouble by Mae Wood
Paper Daughter by Jeanette Ingold
Bad Habit by JD Faver
Uncertain Allies by Mark Del Franco