Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension Of American Racism (109 page)

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Authors: James W. Loewen

BOOK: Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension Of American Racism
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internalized low expectations
 
interracial faculty
 
interracial sports
 
Milliken v. Bradley
case
 
No Child Left Behind Act
 
school segregation
 
segregation academies
 
social isolation
 
dormitories
 
tax rates
 
teacher qualifications
 
teaching racism
 
test flight
 
See also
Brown v. Board of Education
The Education of a WASP
(Stalvey)
 
Effingham, Illinois
 
daytime segregation
 
employment options
 
hotel employees
 
income levels
 
travel through town
 
Ehrlichman, John
 
Einstein, Albert
 
Elco, Illinois
 
Eldorado, Illinois
 
El Dorado Springs, Missouri
 
elections
 
See also
voting rights
 
elections of 1964–1972
 
Elgin, Illinois
 
Eliot, Charles W.
 
elite suburbs
 
anti-Semitism
 
assumptions of privilege
 
black elite neighborhoods
 
boosterism
 
domestic workers
 
education
 
future options
 
interracial sports
 
neighborhood associations
 
NIMBY attitudes
 
origins
 
present status
 
racial profiling
 
racial stereotypes
 
racist humor
 
“residents only” policies
 
social connections
 
social prestige
 
tax equity options
 
travel through town
 
Elizabethtown College (Pennsylvania)
 
Elkhart, Indiana
 
Elkins, George
 
Ellen, Ingrid Gould
 
Elliot, Ray
 
Ellis, Perry
 
Elmwood Place, Ohio
 
Elwood, Indiana
 
Ku Klux Klan
 
present status
 
sundown sign
 
white supremacy movement
 
Ely, Sims
 
Emery, Mary M.
 
employment
 
athletes
 
banned professions
 
of black musicians
 
of blacks in sundown towns
 
bus and train employees
 
Chinese Americans
 
commuting distances
 
discriminative hiring practices
 
domestic workers
 
ethnic riots
 
expulsions from sundown towns
 
of former slaves
 
freeze-outs
 
during the Great Depression
 
hiring rights of employers
 
hotel workers
 
immigration
 
Jim Crow segregation
 
migrant workers
 
musicians and entertainers
 
night work
 
origins of sundown towns
 
social connections
 
southern blacks
 
temporary housing
 
union membership
 
Enola, Pennsylvania
 
Encyclopedia of Black America
 
Encyclopedia of Chicago
 
enforcement of sundown rule
 
bank loans
 
black caution
 
black workers
 
bus and train stations
 
city limits
 
Civil Rights Act of 1964
 
daytime sundown
 
defended neighborhoods
 
domestic employees
 
driving while black
 
economic ostracism
 
exceptions
 
legal precedents
 
mob rule
 
“pet blacks”
 
public services
 
real estate practices
 
reputation/notoriety
 
“residents only” rules
 
restrictive covenants
 
role of children
 
school segregation
 
shopping
 
social ostracism
 
subsidized/public housing
 
through travelers
 
transient residents
 
violence
 
walls and barriers
 
zoning regulations
 
Englewood, New Jersey
 
Ephrata, Pennsylvania
 
Epstein, Benjamin
 
Erwin, Tennessee
 
Esmeralda County
 
Essex County, New Jersey
 
Estill Springs, Tennessee
 
Etcheson, Nicole
 
ethnic cleansing
 
ethnic riots
 
ethnocentrism
 
Eugene, Oregon
 
eugenics movement
 
Eureka, California
 
Eureka Springs, Arkansas
 
Evanston, Illinois
 
Evansville, Indiana
 
Everman, Hank
 
Evers, Medgar and Myrlie
 
Ewen, Elizabeth
 
exceptions to sundown rules
 
“colored” restrooms
 
domestic workers
 
file folder phenomenon
 
hotel workers
 
low profile blacks
 
non-residential areas
 
“pet Negroes”
 
dormitories
 
“Tonto” figures
 
transient residents
 
See also
present status of sundown towns
 
explanations for sundown towns.
See
catalysts of sundown town creation; origin myths for sundown town creation
 
expulsions of black Americans
 
government responses
 
Ku Klux Klan
 
labor strife
 
mob violence
 
nonviolent
 
prior to the Nadir period
 
reparations
 
returns to town
 
time frame
 
from urban areas
 
vigilantism
 
See also
Great Retreat
 
exurbs
 
 
Faiola, Anthony
 
Fair Employment Practices Commission
 
Fairfield, Illinois
 
Fairfield, New Jersey
 
Fairfield County, Connecticut
 
fairground exceptions
 
Fair Housing Act Amendment of 1988
 
Fair Housing Act of 1968
 
Fallon, Nevada
 
Fannin County, Georgia
 
Farley, Reynolds
 
Farmer City, Illinois
 
Farmington, Michigan
 
Fats Domino
 
Fayetteville, Arkansas
 
Fayetteville, North Carolina
 
Federal Elections Bill of 1890
 
federal elections of 1964–1972
 
Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
 
home loans
 
Levittown case
 
mortgages
 
restrictive covenants requirement
 
subsidized housing
 
Fenton, Benjamin
 
Fenton, Sam
 
Ferber, Edna
 
Ferguson, Margaret
 
Ferndale, California
 
Festinger, Leon
 
FHA.
See
Federal Housing Administration
 
Fields, Barbara J.
 
Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution
 
films
 
Finch, John
 
Fisher, Carl
 
Fisher, Illinois
 
Fisher, Marc
 
Flanders, New York
 
Fleming, Matt
 
Flipper, Jewel
 
Florida
 
gated communities
 
the Great Retreat
 
reparations
 
vacation resort areas
 
Florio, Jim
 
Flossmoor, Illinois
 
Follansbee, West Virginia
 
Follette Publishing Company
 
Following the Color Line
(Baker)
 
Fond du Lac, Wisconsin
 
dead line
 
Ku Klux Klan
 
present status
 
Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin
 

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