The South China Sea (49 page)

17.
‘Cambodia: An Ant Dodging Elephants’,
Eugene Register-Guard
, 22 October 1964.

18.
Donald K. Emmerson, ‘“Southeast Asia”: What's in a Name?’,
Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
, vol. 15 (1984), 1–21.

19.
Nicholas Tarling, ‘From SEAFET and ASA: Precursors of ASEAN’,
International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies
, vol. 3, no. 1 (2007), 1–14.

20.
Robert Gates, ‘Challenges to Stability in the Asia-Pacific’, Shangri-La Dialogue 2008, 31 May 2008. Available at <
https://www.iiss.org/en/events/shangri%20la%20dialogue/archive/shangri-la-dialogue-2008-2906/first-plenary-session-1921/dr-robert-m-gates-bce8
>.

21.
Kurt M. Campbell, ‘The United States, China and Australia’, Address to United States Studies Centre's Alliance 21 project, Emerging Asia, Customs House, Sydney, 14 March 2013.

22.
Personal interview by telephone. 6 November 2013.

23.
Hillary Rodham Clinton, Remarks at Press Availability, Hanoi, 23 July 2010. Available at <
http://m.state.gov/md145095.htm
>.

24.
Ian Storey, ‘China's Missteps in Southeast Asia: Less Charm, More Offensive’,
China Brief
(Jamestown Foundation), vol. 10, issue 25 (17 December 2010). Available at <
http://www.jamestown.org/uploads/media/cb_010_07d25e.pdf
>.

25.
‘China Pledges US$ 70m Aid to Cambodia’, 1 April 2012. Available at <
https://sg.news.yahoo.com/china-pledges-us-70m-aid-cambodia-075004737.html
>.

26.
‘Hu Wants Cambodia Help on China Sea Dispute, Pledges Aid’, Reuters, 31 March 2012. Available at <
http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/31/us-cambodia-china-idUSBRE82U04Y20120331
>.

27.
‘China Offers $20 Million in Military Aid Ahead of Asean Meeting’,
Voice of America, Khmer Service
, 29 May 2012. Available at <
http://www.voacambodia.com/content/china-offers-20-million-in-military-aid-ahead-of-asean-meeting-155432515/1356122.html
>.

28.
‘Cambodia Takes $430m China Loan’,
Phnom Penh Post
, 14 June 2012. Available at <
http://www.phnompenhpost.com/business/cambodia-takes-430m-china-loan
>.

29.
Carlyle Thayer, ‘Securing Maritime Security in the South China Sea: Norms, Legal Regimes and Realpolitik’, paper presented to the International Studies Association Annual Convention, San Francisco, 6 April 2013.

30.
Carlyle A. Thayer, ‘ASEAN'S Code of Conduct in the South China Sea: A Litmus Test for Community-Building?’,
The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus
, vol. 10, issue 34, no. 4 (20 August 2012).

31.
‘Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen Meets Yang Jiechi’,
Xinhua
, 10 July 2012.

32.
Ernest Z. Bower, ‘Southeast Asia from the Corner of 18th and K Streets: China Reveals Its Hand on ASEAN in Phnom Penh’,
CSIS Newsletter
, vol. 3, no. 14 (19 July 2012). Available at <
http://csis.org/publication/southeast-asia-corner-18th-and-k-streets-china-reveals-its-hand-asean-phnom-penh
>.

33.
‘Setting the Record Straight’ (letter from Koy Kuong, Cambodian government spokesperson),
Phnom Penh Post
, 25 July 2012.

34.
‘US, China Square off over the South China Sea’,
Associated Press
, 12 July 2012.

35.
‘Cambodia Rejects ASEAN Ministers' Plea to Issue Joint Communiqué’,
Japan Economic Newswire
, 13 July 2012.

36.
Jane Perlez, ‘Asian Leaders at Regional Meeting Fail to Resolve Disputes Over South China Sea’,
New York Times
, 12 July 2012.

37.
‘South China Sea: ASEAN Talks Fail; No Joint Statement’,
Zeenews
, 13 July 2012.

38.
Personal interview by telephone. 6 November 2013.

39.
Personal interview. Yangon 20 November 2013.

40.
Personal interview by telephone. 4 August 2013.

41.
Kurt M. Campbell, ‘The United States, China and Australia’, Address to United States Studies Centre's Alliance 21 project, Emerging Asia, Customs House, Sydney, 14 March 2013.

42.
Kim Beazley, ‘A Shift in Thinking Is Needed to Clear Indo-Pacific Hurdles’, Special Issue: In the Zone: Crisis, Opportunity and the New World Order,
The Australian
, 7–8 November 2009.

43.
Kurt Campbell and Brian Andrews, ‘Explaining the US “Pivot” to Asia’, Programme paper, Chatham House, August 2013, available at <
http://www.chathamhouse.org/publications/papers/view/194019
>.

44.
Vinay Kumar, ‘India, Australia Raise the Pitch on Maritime Cooperation’,
The Times of India
, 5 June 2013.

45.
Sandeep Dikshit, ‘India Offers Vietnam Credit for Military Ware’,
The Hindu
, 28 July 2013.

46.
Barton Gellman and Greg Miller, ‘U.S. Spy Network's Successes, Failures and Objectives Detailed in “Black Budget” Summary’,
Washington Post
, 29 August 2013.

47.
Bill Carey, ‘Congress Passes 2014 Defense Authorization Bill’,
Aviation International News
, 3 January 2014.

48.
See <
http://www.treasurydirect.gov/NP/debt/current
> (accessed 23 May 2014).

49.
Christian Le Mière, ‘Rebalancing the Burden in East Asia’,
Survival: Global Politics and Strategy
, vol. 55, no. 2 (April–May 2013), 31–41.

50.
Personal interview by telephone. 4 August 2013.

Chapter 8: Shaping the Battlefield: Military Matters

1.
Quoted in J.M. Van Dyke, ‘Military Ships and Planes Operating in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Another Country’,
Marine Policy
, vol. 28 (2004), 29–39, esp. 36.

2.
Dennis Mandsager, ‘The U.S. Freedom of Navigation Program: Policy, Procedure, and Future’,
International Law Studies
, vol. 72, 1998, 113–27.

3.
‘Short Term Energy Outlook’, US Energy Information Administration, 8 October 2013. Available at <
http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/steo/outlook.cfm
>.

4.
See <
http://eng.mod.gov.cn/Database/WhitePapers/2013-04/16/content_4442755.htm
>.

5.
US Department of Defense. Joint Operational Access Concept. 17 January 2012. Available at
http://www.defense.gov/pubs/pdfs/joac_jan%202012_signed.pdf
.

6.
Jason E. Bruzdzinski, ‘Demystifying
Shashoujian
: China's “Assassin's Mace” Concept’, in Andrew Scobell and Larry Wortzel,
Civil-Military Change in China: Elites, Institutions, and Ideas After the 16th Party Congress
(report issued by the Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, 2004), 309–64. Available at <
http://www.mitre.org/publications/technical-papers/demystifying-shashoujian-chinas-assassins-mace-concept
>.

7.
Nan Li, ‘The Evolution of China's Naval Strategy and Capabilities: From “Near Coast” and “Near Seas” to “Far Seas”’, in
The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles
(Washington, 2011), 109–40.

8.
Wendell Minnick, ‘PACAF Concludes 2nd Pacific Vision Exercise’,
Defense News
, 17 November 2008.

9.
Greg Jaffe, ‘U.S. Model for a Future War Fans Tensions with China and Inside Pentagon’,
Washington Post
, 1 August 2012.

10.
Personal interview by telephone. 29 October 2013.

11.
Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) Military Expenditure Database, released 15 April 2013. Available at <
http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex/milex_database
>.

12.
‘Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2014’, Office of the Secretary of Defense, May 2014.

13.
US Naval Vessel Register. Available at <
http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/FLEET.HTM
> (accessed 6 January 2014).

14.
Personal interview. Beijing 8 November 2013.

15.
Wendell Minnick, ‘Chinese Media Takes Aim at J-15 Fighter’,
Defense News
, 28 September 2013.

16.
Ministry of National Defense of China, ‘Military Forces in Urgent Need of Standardization’,
PLA Daily
, 10 December 2013. Available at <
http://news.mod.gov.cn/headlines/2013-12/10/content_4478350.htm
>, translation available at <
http://chinascope.org/main/content/view/5995/105/
>.

17.
Roy Kamphausen, Andrew Scobell and Travis Tanner (eds),
The ‘People’ in the PLA: Recruitment, Training, and Education in China's Military
(report issued by the Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, 2008). Available at <
http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub858.pdf
>.

18.
‘PLA Chief of General Staff Stresses on Cultivating [sic] High-quality Military Personnel’,
People's Daily Online
, 31 May 2013. Available at <
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90786/8265768.html
>.

19.
Personal interview by telephone. 31 October 2013.

20.
Barry D. Watts, ‘Precision Strike: An Evolution’,
The National Interest
, 2 November 2013.

21.
David A. Fulghum, ‘USAF: Slash and Burn Defense Cuts Will Cost Missions, Capabilities’,
Aerospace Daily & Defense Report
, 30 September 2011, 6.

22.
Jeff Stein, ‘CIA Helped Saudis Secret Chinese Missile Deal’,
Newsweek
, 29 January 2014. Available at
http://www.newsweek.com/exclusive-cia-helped-saudis-secret-chinese-missile-deal-227283
.

23.
Jeff Himmelman, ‘A Game of Shark and Minnow’,
New York Times
, 27 October 2013.

24.
US Department of Defense, ‘Media Availability with Secretary Panetta in Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam’,
News Transcript
, 3 June 2012. Available at <
http://www.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=5051
>.

25.
‘SECNAV Visits Logistics Group Western Pacific and Navy Region Center Singapore’,
Naval News Service
, 8 August 2012; Ian Storey, personal communication, February 2014.

26.
International Institute for Strategic Studies, ‘Military Balance 2013 Press Statement’, 14 March 2013. Available at <
http://www.iiss.org/en/about%20us/press%20room/press%20releases/press%20releases/archive/2013-61eb/march-c5a4/military-balance-2013-press-statement-61a2
>.

27.
Michael Richardson, ‘Indonesia to Acquire One-Third of Navy of Former East Germany’,
The New York Times
, 5 February 1993.

28.
Benjamin Schreer, ‘Moving beyond Ambitions? Indonesia's Military Modernisation’, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, November 2013. Available at <
https://www.aspi.org.au/publications/moving-beyond-ambitions-indonesias-military-modernisation/Strategy_Moving_beyond_ambitions.pdf
>.

29.
Office of the Spokesperson, US Department of State, ‘DoD-funded Integrated Maritime Surveillance System’,
Fact Sheet
, 18 November 2011. Available at <
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/11/177382.htm
>.

30.
Rodney Tasker, ‘Ways and Means: Manila plans an expensive military upgrade’,
Far Eastern Economic Review
, 11 May 1995, 28.

31.
Personal interview. Beijing 8 November 2013.

32.
Stein Tønnesson, ‘The South China Sea in the Age of European Decline’,
Modern Asian Studies
, vol. 40 (2006), 1–57.

Chapter 9: Cooperation and its Opposites: Resolving the Disputes

1.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, ‘Philippines, Fishery Country Profile’, November 2005. Available at <
ftp://ftp.fao.org/FI/DOCUMENT/fcp/en/FI_CP_PH.pdf
>.

2.
Statement of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center to the Ninth Regular Session of the Scientific Committee of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, 6–14 August 2013, Pohnpei, Micronesia.

3.
Ibid.

4.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, ‘Philippines, Fishery Country Profile’, November 2005. Available at <
ftp://ftp.fao.org/FI/DOCUMENT/fcp/en/FI_CP_PH.pdf
>.

5.
Ministry of Agriculture Bureau of Fisheries,
China Fishery Statistics Yearbook 2011
(Beijing, 2011), quoted in Zhang Hongzhou, ‘China's Evolving Fishing Industry: Implications for Regional and Global Maritime Security’,
RSIS Working Papers
, no. 246 (Singapore, August 2012). Available at <
http://www.rsis.edu.sg/publications/WorkingPapers/WP246.pdf
>.

6.
Zhang Hongzhou, ‘China's Evolving Fishing Industry: Implications for Regional and Global Maritime Security’,
RSIS Working Papers
, no. 246 (Singapore, August 2012). Available at <
http://www.rsis.edu.sg/publications/WorkingPapers/WP246.pdf
>.

7.
‘China Starts Annual South China Sea Fishing Ban’,
Xinhua
, 16 May 2013. Available at <
http://english.people.com.cn/90882/8246589.html
>.