What Stalin Knew (65 page)

Hungary, 73; reveals war plans to Anto-

Kiev Special Military District: occupation

nescu, 73; postpones invasion of USSR

by of western Ukraine, 30; and fortified

by four weeks, 78; overruns Yugoslavia

areas, 43–44, 45; Zhukov as commander

after coup d’état, 96; real war plans of

of, 163; and airfield sabotage, 164; air

revealed to American embassy in Berlin

warning systems of unprepared, 164; and

by German resistance, 146; orders aerial

air space violations by Luftwaffe, 171;

reconnaissance over USSR, 169; true

reinforcements of from internal MDs

intentions of masked by deception he

late, 211; receives tentative alert orders,

designed, 173; abandons Sea Lion except

214

as deception theme, 173–74; abandons

Killinger, Manfred von, 73–74

airborne operations after losses in Crete,

Kirkpatrick, Ivone, 104

174–75; plans to avoid protracted war,

Kirponos, Mikhail P., 136, 211–12

176; undeterred by Soviet deception,

Kleist, Peter, revelation by of German plans

178; exploits double agent Litseist, 183;

of aggression, 15–18

correspondence of with Stalin recalled

Klenov, P. S., 214

by Zhukov, 185–87; undocumented letter

Klimovskikh, V. E., 214

by in December
1940
promises attack on

Kobulov, Amaiak Z.: assignment of as

England in
1941,
188; undocumented let-

NKVD resident, Berlin, 98; relationship

ter by in May
1941
suggests possibility of

with Beria, 102; meeting with Oscar

provocation by his generals, 188–89; and

Niedermayer, 290n.2; and Gestapo dou-

unscheduled JU-52 flight on May
15,

ble agent Litseist, 181–83

1941,
189; diverts Army Group Center

Kobulov, Bogdan Z.: as Deputy People’s

INDEX

305

Commissar of State Security, 94; releases

Liakhterov, Nikolai G., 78–79

transcript of Kostring-Schulenburg con-

Likus, Rudolph, 177, 183

versations, 112; reports to Stalin on

Liskow, Alfred H., 214, 263

forced removal of Baltic citizens, 207;

List (John Cairncross), 102–03

heads new NKVD investigative unit in

List, Wilhelm, 78

1938,
228; participates personally in tor-

Lithuania, 20, 38, 40

ture, 228

Lithuanian Activists Front, 40

Kokinadi, V. K., 11

Litseist (Oreste Berlinks), 152, 182–83

Kolpakidi, A., 67, 298n.20

Litvinov, Maksim M., 15, 228

Kondrashev, Sergei A., 282n.12, 298n.18

Loktionov, Aleksandr, D.: as chief of Soviet

Konev, Ivan S., 235

air forces participating in Anglo-French-

Konovalets, Yevhen, 33, 93

Soviet military talks, 21–22; confronta-

Konovalov, Aleksei A., 255

tion with Stalin, arrest of, 201; as first

Konoye, Fumimaro, Japanese Prime Min-

commander of Baltic Special Military

ister, 86

District, 223; repudiates confession, 230–

Kopets (Bucharest RU residency source),

31; shot without trial, 259

73

Lota, Vladimir, 67, 76

Kopets, Ivan, 55, 221–22

Lozovsky, Solomon A., 146–47, 262

Korotkov, Aleksandr M.: recontacts Berlin

LTsL (Margarita Völkisch), 15, 71–77

sources, 98; as Starshina handler, 100;

Luchisty, 98

letter of to Beria, 101–02; discusses cases

Luxembourg, 61

with Dekanozov, 151; becomes deputy

resident, 208

Maisky, Ivan M., 20, 147–49

Korsikanets (Arvid Harnack): recruitment

Malenkov, 61, 217

of, 97; contact broken with, 98; recon-

Manchuria, 2

tacted in September
1940,
98; reports in

Mannerheim Line: map of, 52; history of,

October
1940
German plans to attack

53; Red Army breakthrough, 54; intel-

USSR, 98–99; confirms postponement of

ligence on, 55–56, 137–38

Operation Sea Lion, 99; on Rosenberg

Manuilksky, Dmitry Z., 218

organization, 101; threatened by Beria,

Margarit, 82

102

Maria, 106

Kosta, 83, 263

Mars.
See
Liakhterov, Nikolai G.

Köstring, Ernst, 109–10, 112, 128

Maslennikov, Ivan I.: provides border

Kotov, P. A., 199

troops for occupation units, 31; and first

Kovalev, Mikhail P., 30

report of German troop deployment,

Krebs, Hans, 109, 113

127; and fuel samples, 129–30; reports

Kremer, Semen, 67

on German deployment, 130–31, 133;

Kruglov, Sergei N., 31

and debriefings of deserters, 133–34; and

Kuibyshev (now Samara), 236–39

underwater telephone cables, 136; and

Kulik, Gregory I., xvi, 55–56, 60, 220, 224

reporting on Luftwaffe border violations,

Kun, Miklos, 250

165–67, 170

Kuusinen, O. W., 51, 53

Maslov, Mikhail S., 77

Kuznetsov, A. M., 66

Matevosov, Ivan I., 228

Kuznetsov, Fedor I., 223

Matske, Gerhard, 62–63

Kuznetsov, Nikolai G., 12, 21, 201

Matsuoka, Yisuke, 89, 210

McNeil, Hector, 103

Labusov, Boris N., 291n.19

Meissner, Otto, 179

Latvia, 39–41

Mekhlis, Lev Z., 30, 56, 58, 142, 222

Laval, Pierre, 147

Melnyk, Andrei A., 33

Lebedev, Viktor Z., 77–78

Meltiukhov, Mikhail I., 181, 291n.29

Leeb, Ritter von, 65, 157, 223, 280n.16

Meretskov, Kiril A.: as commander, Lenin-

Lehmann, Wilhelm (Breitenbach), 97–98,

grad Military District, 50; devises opera-

101, 208–09, 263.
See also
Breitenbach

tional plan for attack on Finland, 50–51;

(Wilhelm Lehmann)

after attack fails, given command of 7th

Lenin, Vladimir I., 27

Army, 53–54; and complaints on intel-

Leningrad Affair, 243

ligence, 55–56, 59, 60; responsible for

Leningrad Military District, 50, 54–56,

Northern Front, 213; arrives in Lenin-

59

grad June
22, 1941,
224; pardoned and

Leone-Moats, Alice, 114, 263

released, 224–25; beaten during inter-

Lestev, Dmitry A., 222

rogations, testifies against interrogators,

Levin, Aleksandr A., 200

229

306

INDEX

Merkulov, Vsevolod N.: and operations in

Osetrov, Grigory A., 255

western Ukraine, 31; and problems with

Ott, Eugen, 85–86, 89

OUN, 33–35; leads forced evacuation

OUN, 33–35

operation in Baltic states, 40–41; back-

Ovakimyan, Gaik B., 147

ground of, 94; does not support subordi-

nates in meetings with Stalin, 105; calls

Panfilov, Aleksei P., 89

Warsaw reporting ‘‘exaggeration,’’ 106;

Panfilov, Mikhail F., 210

orders Proskurov’s arrest, 225; partici-

Passikvi, J. K., 50

pates in torture, 229

Pavlov, Dmitry: on reliability of Baltic

Meshik, Pavel Ia., 131–32, 251

troops, 39–40; rejects aerial reconnais-

Mikhailov, Leonid A., 80

sance report, 205; denied permission to

Mikheev, Anatoly M., 199, 293n.25

occupy defensive structures, 221; at the-

Mikhno, Grigory F., 198

ater night before German assault, 221;

Mikoyan, Anastas, 49, 213, 218, 295n.34

record of in Spanish Civil War criticized,

Milshtein, Solomon R., 118, 121–22

221; relieved of command, arrested, and

Mironov, Colonel, 195

condemned, 222; interrogation of, 223–

Modrzhinskaia, Yelena D., 106, 207,

24

294n.13

Pavlovsky, Boris S., 222

Mokhov, Leonid E., 80

Payton, B. P., 102

Moldavia, 37–38, 74

Pétain, Marshal, 61

Molotov, Viacheslav M.: as new Narkom

Petrov, Ivan A., 128

Foreign Affairs, 15; opens negotiations

Philby, Kim, 103–04

with Finns, 50; takes no apparent action

Poeta, 105

on Dekanozov reporting, 150–53; reports

Poisson, 69

on last meeting with von Schulenburg,

Poland, 2, 15–16, 18–22, 24, 29–30, 31, 254

217; announces German invasion in

Poliakova, Maria I., 138

radio speech, 218–19; talks with Hitler,

Ponomarev, Aleksandr N., 21–23

256–57

Ponschab, August, 178–79, 290n.17,

Moltke, Hans-Adolph von, 14

291n.18

Monakh, 105, 263

Poskrebyshev, Aleksandr N., 217

Mongolian People’s Republic, 85

Potapov, Mikhail I., 262

Moravec, Frantisek, 67, 279–80n.14

Prokhorov, D., 67

Moravia, 16

Prokofev, Gavil M., 11, 202

Mussolini, Benito, 5

Proskurov, Ivan I. character of, 7–8; pilot

training and first assignments of, 8–9; as

Nekrich, Aleksandr M., 145–46

Spanish Civil War volunteer, 9–12; air

Nemesh, 74

force commands of, 12–13; detailed

Nesterenko, Maria Petrovna, 225, 237–38,

report of on German aggressive plans,

260

18–24; and background to Nazi-Soviet

Nichols II, Tsar, 238

Pact, 25–27; report of on German victory

Niedermayer, Oskar, 290n.2

in West, 62–63; report of on Axis plans to

Nikonov, Petr K., 198

invade USSR, 63; attitude of toward

NKVD/NKGB Counterintelligence: back-

Sorge, 88; as scapegoat for failures in

ground of, 108; organizational changes

Winter War, 137–38; reasons for dis-

in, 108–09; Moscow operations in
1940–

missal of as chief military intelligence,

41
of, 108–16

137–39; views of on Sea Lion, 140–41,

NKVD/NKGB Foreign Intelligence: history

287n.12; Stalin’s inability to dominate,

of, 91; purges of, 91–92; foreign residen-

141; named deputy chief of air forces for

cies of, 91–96; organization of, 93;

long range bombardment aviation, 192–

NKGB created, 94; report dissemination

93; training problems, accidents of, 193–

practices of, 95; creation of first analyt-

95; ordered to trial by Stalin, relieved of

ical section of, 95–96

command, 196; letter to Stalin of on air

Nonaggression pact, 51

crew training, 196–98; and arrests of

Norway, 161

Spanish Civil War veterans, 198–202;

Novikov, Aleksandr A., 242

assigned to 7th Army as chief aviation,

Novobranets, Vasily A., 143–44, 255

leaves for Leningrad, 206; arrested, 225;

indicted, 231; monument to , 244; listed

Odessa Military District, 74

as shot without trial, 259

Onisko, Sergei G., 200

Proskurova, Aleksandra I., 244

Operation Mercury, 175

Proskurova, Galina, 244

Orlov, Aleksandr G., 11, 13

Proskurova, Lidia, 244

INDEX

307

Ptukhin, Yevgeny S., 54, 193, 239

261; recruited in Warsaw by illegal,

Pugachev, Grigory P., 143

Rudolf Herrnstadt, 14–15

Pumpur, Petr I., 239

Schnurre, 109

Purkayev, Maksim A., 171, 214

Schulenburg, Friedrich Werner von der:

Putin, Vladimir, 251

visited by Italian ambassador, 111; fears

Hitler will start war, 112; approves June

Rado, Alexander (Dora), 69–70

14, 1941
TASS communiqué, 113; urges

Raeder, Erich, 135, 140–41

Stalin to write letter promising peace,

Raitses, Ya. M., 237

186; presents German note on ‘‘military

Red Army: and purges, xvi; forward force

countermeasures’’ because of extensive

posture of, xvii; threatened by new Ger-

Soviet presence on border, 217

man tactics, xix–xx; occupation of west-

Schulz, Lieutenant, 214

ern Ukraine and Belorussia by, 27, 31–

Schulze-Boysen, Harro (Starshina).
See

37; occupation of Moldavia by, 37; unre-

Starshina (Harro Schulze-Boysen)

liability of Baltic units in, 39–40; lack of

Sea Lion, 155–61; Proskurov’s negative

defensive installations of, 41; and Winter

assessment of, 140; assessed as unrealis-

War, 53–54; inadequacy of forward air

tic, 140–41; as major element of German

fields of, 162–63; and Luftwaffe aerial

deception, 173; postponed, 174; retained

reconnaissance, 170–71; German evalua-

as part of second phase of deception pro-

tion of, 149–50, 248; major deployment

gram, 174; supporting installations of

of south of River San, 176; new organi-

closed down, 175

zation of air forces of, 192; under Luft-

Semenikhin, Demian, 236–37

waffe attack, 221; impact of purges on,

Sereda, Leonid A., 81

249–50

Serov, Ivan S., 31–33, 35, 41

Reichenau, 135

Seyss-Inquart, Artur, 5

Revai, Iu., 17

Shakht, Ernst G., 9, 199–200, 239

Revel, 168–69

Shakurin, Aleksey, 201

Ribbentrop, 15, 23, 76, 81, 152, 177, 183,

Shaposhnikov, Boris S.: defensive strategy

262

of, xviii, 29, 44; as chief of the general

Rioshanu, Colonel, 158

staff,
1939,
at Anglo-French military

Robinson, Henri, 68, 262

talks, 21–22; charged with construction

Rodos, Boris V., 228–29, 237–38