American Experiment (445 page)

[
Annapolis speech
]: in
Carter Public Papers,
vol. 2, part 1, pp. 1052-57.

[
Press reaction
]: Garthoff, p. 603. [
Soviet view
]:
ibid.,
pp. 604-5.

[“
Any further delay
”]: quoted in David Detzer,
The Brink: Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
(Crowell, 1979), p. 234.

[“
Visceral anti-Sovietism
”]: Vance, p. 394.

[
Brzezinski on Vance
]: Brzezinski, p. 43.

528-9
[
Brzezinski
’
s trip to China
]:
ibid.,
pp. 202-19; Smith, pp. 88-89; Garthoff, pp. 701-10.

529
[
Deng in U.S.
]: Garthoff, pp. 718-26; Brzezinski, pp. 405-11; Carter,
Keeping Faith,
pp. 202-11; Smith, pp. 92-94;
Time,
vol. 113, no. 7 (February 12, 1979), pp. 10-16.

[
Vienna summit
]: Garthoff, pp. 728-40; Carter,
Keeping Faith,
pp. 239-61; Brzezinski, pp. 340-44; Smith, pp. 208-11.

[
Afghanistan and SALT
]: Garthoff, chs. 26-27
passim;
Carter,
Keeping Faith,
pp. 264-65; Brown, ch. 32; Vance, ch. 18; Smith, ch. 9; Glad, pp. 460-62.

[
Most profound disappointment
]: Carter,
Keeping Faith,
p. 265.

529-30
[
Camp David consultations
]: Carter,
Keeping Faith,
pp. 114-20;
Newsweek,
vol. 94, no. 4 (July 23, 1979), pp. 20-26; Glad, pp. 444-47.

530
[“
Rekindle our sense
”]: July 15, 1979, in
Carter Public Papers,
vol. 3, part 2, pp. 1235-41, quoted at p. 1240.

[“
Not leading the country
”]: quoted in Joseph A. Califano, “Getting Fired by Jimmy Carter,” Washington
Post,
May 24, 1981, pp. C1, C5, quoted at p. C5.

[
Carter on
60 Minutes]: “Carter: Toll of a Clockwork Presidency,” Washington
Post,
October 27, 1980, pp. A1, A4, quoted at p. A4.

[
Kennedy campaign
]: Jack W. Germond and Jules Witcover,
Blue Smoke and Mirrors
(Viking, 1981), chs. 3-4, 7, 9; Glad, ch. 24
passim;
Burns,
Power to Lead,
pp. 80-89.

[“
Umpteen billions
”]: quoted in Burns,
Power to Lead,
p. 84.

[
Hostage seizure
]: Smith, ch. 8; Brown, ch. 30; Vance, chs. 17, 19; Glad, pp. 458-60.

531
[“
Many forces at play
”]: “Hamilton Jordan: Looking back,” Washington
Post,
December 2, 1980, p. A19; see also Hamilton Jordan,
Crisis: The Last Year of the Carter Presidency
(Putnam, 1982), pp. 378-81.

531
[“
Any sense of political strategy
”]: Hargrove, review of Glad,
Jimmy Carter
; in
American Political Science Review,
vol. 75, no. 2 (June 1981), pp. 493-95, quoted at p. 494.

[
Gulf between pronouncements and policies
]: Samuel P. Huntington, “Renewed Hostility,” in Joseph S. Nye, Jr., ed.,
The Making of America
’
s Soviet Policy
(Yale University Press, 1984), pp. 265-89, esp. p. 275; Burns,
Power to Lead,
pp. 29-30; John Steuart and Steve Lietman, “Carter’s Unkept ’76 Promises—A Time Bomb?,”
New York Times,
September 7, 1980, sect. 4, p. 19.

Gun and Bible

532
[“
Destructive and irresponsible freedom
”]: Solzhenitsyn,
A World Split Apart,
Irina I. Alberti, trans. (Harper, 1978), pp. 21, 37.

[“
On hands and knees
”]: quoted in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.,
The Cycles of American History
(Houghton Mifflin, 1986), p. 113.

[“
Object of our existence
”]:
ibid.

[“
Affirming the values
”]: quoted in Samuel P. Huntington,
American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony
(Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1981), p. 2.

[“
Have we not
”]: quoted in Schlesinger, p. 111.

[
Approaches to vice and virtue
]: John Patrick Diggins,
The Lost Soul of American Politics
(Basic Books, 1984); J. G. A. Pocock,
The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition
(Princeton University Press, 1975), esp. chs. 14-15; John F. Kasson,
Civilizing the Machine: Technology and Republican Value sin America, 1776-1900
(Grossman, 1976); John Witherspoon,
Lectures on Moral Philosophy,
Varnum L. Collins, ed. (Princeton University Press, 1912); Garry Wills,
Explaining America: The Federalist
(Doubleday, 1981), esp. ch. 22; James MacGregor Burns,
The Vineyard of Liberty
(Knopf, 1982), pp. 58-63.

533
[
Lerner on 1950s mores
]; Lerner,
America as a Civilization
(Simon and Schuster, 1957), p. 673.

533-4
[
Sexual studies
]: Alfred C. Kinsey et al.,
Sexual Behavior in the Human Male
(W. B. Saunders, 1948), pp. 499, 550-51, 623, 670; Kinsey et al.,
Sexual Behavior in the Human Female
(W. B. Saunders, 1953), pp. 142, 286, 453, 505; Charles H. Whiteley and Winifred M. Whiteley,
Sex & Morals
(Basic Books, 1967); Michael G. Schofield,
The Sexual Behaviour of Young People
(Little, Brown, 1965); Lerner, pp. 679-87.

534
[“
Half Babylonian
”]: Lerner, p. 686.

[“
Soft
”
and
“
hard
”]: Diggins, p. 335.

[
Campaign against sexual permissiveness
]: Robert B. Fowler,
A New Engagement: Evangelical Political Thought. 1966-1976
(William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1982), ch. 10; Louis A. Zurcher, Jr., and R. George Kirkpatrick,
Citizens for Decency: Antipornography Crusades as Status Defense
(University of Texas Press, 1976); Robert C. Liebman and Robert Wuthnow, eds.,
The New Christian Right
(Aldine, 1983), esp. chs. 7-8, 10.

534-5
[
Commissions on pornography
]: U.S. Commission on Obscenity and Pornography,
Report
(U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970), quoted at p. 27; Attorney General’s Commission on Pornography,
Final Report
(Department of Justice, 1986).

535
[
Dworkin-MacKinnon ordinance
]: Rosemarie Tong, “Women, Pornography and the Law,”
Williams Alumni Review,
vol. 79, no. 1 (Fall 1986), pp. 3-11; Indianapolis
Star,
November 20, 1984, pp. 1, 6;
Freedom to Read Foundation News,
vol. 13, no. 1 (1986);
Hudnut
v.
American Booksellers Association,
Supreme Court affirming lower court’s judgment, February 24, 1986 (no. 85-1090); interview with John Swan; see also Catharine A. MacKinnon,
Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law
(Harvard University Press, 1987).

[
Tong on FACT
]: Tong, p. 8.

[“
Usher in another era
”]:
ibid.,
p. 9.

536
[“
What scoundrels we would be
”]: quoted in Kenneth Thompson,
Moralism and Morality in Politics and Diplomacy
(University Press of America, 1985), p. 8.

[“
Moral man
”
and
“
immoral society
”]: Niebuhr,
Moral Man and Immoral Society: A Study in Ethics and Politics
(Scribner, 1941).

[“
Can be manageable
”]: Thompson, p. 55.

536
[
Peace and nonviolence in early America
]: Peter Brock,
Pacifism in the United States from the Colonial Era to the First World War
(Princeton University Press, 1968).

[“
Patriotic inclination
”]: Piehl,
Breaking Bread: The Catholic Worker and the Origin of Catholic Radicalism in America
(Temple University Press, 1982), p. 54; see also Sydney E. Ahlstrom,
A Religious History of the American People
(Yale University Press, 1972), pp. 330-42, 527-68.

[
Catholic Church and peace movement
]: Eric O. Hanson,
The Catholic Church in World Politics
(Princeton University Press, 1987), pp. 281-322; George Weigel,
Tranquillitas Ordinis
(Oxford University Press, 1987); Jim Castelli,
The Bishops and the Bomb: Waging Peace in a Nuclear Age
(Doubleday, 1983); James E. Dougherty,
The Bishops and Nuclear Weapons
(Archon Books, 1984); William A. Au,
The Cross, the Flag, and the Bomb: American Catholics Debate War and Peace, 1960-1983
(Greenwood Press, 1985);
Never Again War!
(Office of Public Information, United Nations, 1965); Patricia Hunt-Perry, “Peace, Politics and Theology: The Institutional Catholic Church Enters the Peace Movement in the United States,” presented at the annual meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology, St. Catherine’s College, Oxford University, 1983.

[
Catholic switch on Vietnam
]: quoted in Hunt-Perry, p. 36.

[“
Contrary to reason
”]: reprinted in
Never Again War!,
pp. 81-126, quoted at p. 112.

537
[“
The Challenge of Peace
”]: reprinted in
Origins,
vol. 13, 110, 1 (May 19, 1983), pp. 1-32, quoted at pp. 1, 30, 2, 27, 15, 18, 25, respectively.

[“
Traditional in the sense
”]: Hunt-Perry, p. 21.

[Issue of
“
just war
”]; see “Challenge of Peace,” pp. 9-12; Michael Walzer,
Just and Unjust Wars
(Basic Books, 1977); Terry Nardin,
Law, Morality, and the Relations of States
(Princeton University Press, 1983), esp. ch. 11; Alan Donagan,
The Theory of Morality
(University of Chicago Press, 1977), esp. chs. 1, 3.

538
[“
Most profound and searching
”]: Kennan, “The Bishops’ Letter,”
New York Times,
May 1, 1983, sect. 4, p. 21 ; see also Kennan,
The Nuclear Delusion: Soviet-American Relations in the Nuclear Age
(Pantheon, 1982).

[“
Ruling and intellectual elites
”]: Solzhenitsyn,
World Split Apart,
p. 11.

[“
Increasingly aggressive
”]: quoted in Schlesinger, p. 57.

[
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
]: reprinted in
Never Again War!,
pp. 127-34.

539
[“
Not enough to think
”]: Van Dyke, “The Individual, the State, and Ethnic Communities in Political Theory,” in Donald P. Kommers and Gilburt D. Loescher, eds.,
Human Rights and American Foreign Policy
(University of Notre Dame Press, 1979), pp. 36-62, quoted at p. 36.

[“
You know, professor
”]: Eddison J. M. Zvobgo, “A Third World View,” in
ibid.,
pp. 90-106, junior professor quoted at p. 97.

[
Vance on economic and political rights
]: quoted in David P. Forsythe,
Human Rights and World Politics
(University of Nebraska Press, 1983), p. 95.

540
[“
Factor in the mobilization
”]:
ibid.,
p. 87.

[“
Evidence of the stability
”]: Walzer, p. 19.

541
[“
Enormous laboratories
”]: Max Lerner,
America as a Civilization
(Simon and Schuster, 1957), p. 209.

[
American Nobel Prize recipients
]: Bernard Schlessinger and June H. Schlessinger, eds.,
The Who
’
s Who of Nobel Prize Winners
(Oryx Press, 1986).

541-2
[
Advances in astronomy
]: Martin Harwit,
Cosmic Discovery: The Search, Scope, and Heritage of Astronomy
(Basic Books, 1981); Patrick Moore,
The Story of Astronomy
(MacDonald and Jane’s, 1978); Otto Struve and Velta Zebergs,
Astronomy of the 20th Century
(Macmillan, 1962).

542
[
Advances in atomic research
]: Alex Keller,
The Infancy of Atomic Physics: Hercules in His Cradle
(Clarendon Press, 1983);
Physics Through the 1990s: Nuclear Physics
(National Academy Press, 1986).

[“
Invention factory
”]: Matthew Josephson. “Thomas Alva Edison,” in John A. Garraty, ed.,
Encyclopedia of American Biography
(Harper. 1974), pp. 321-23, Edison quoted at p. 322.

[“
Business
”
of invention
]: quoted in
ibid.,
p. 322.

542-3
[
Development, applications, and implications of semiconductors
]: Ernest Braun and Stuart Macdonald,
Revolution in Miniature,
2nd ed. (Cambridge University Press, 1982), quoted at p. 6; T. R. Reid,
The Chip
(Simon and Schuster, 1984).

543
[
Integrated circuits in autos
]: Braun and Macdonald, p. 202.

The Dicing Game of Science

[
Salk and Sabin
]: John R. Paul,
A History of Poliomyelitis
(Yale University Press, 1971), chs. 39, 41, and p. 439 (Figs. 58-59); Richard B. Morris et al., eds.,
Encyclopedia of American History,
6th ed. (Harper, 1982), p. 814.

544
[
Discovery of DNA]:
James Watson,
The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA
(Atheneum, 1968); Horace Freeland Judson,
The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology
(Simon and Schuster, 1979), esp. part 1.

[“
New world
”]: quoted in Judson, p. 581.

[
Einstein
]: Ronald W. Clark,
Einstein
(World Publishing, 1971); Jamie Sayen,
Einstein in America: The Scientist
’
s Conscience in the Age of Hitler and Hiroshima
(Crown, 1985); Abraham Pais,
“Subtle is the Lord
… ”:
The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein
(Clarendon Press, 1982); Otto Nathan and Heinz Norden, eds.,
Einstein on Peace
(Schocken, 1968).

[
Einstein
’
s pathbreaking papers
]: “On the Motion of Small Particles,” reprinted in Einstein,
Investigations on the Theory of the Brownian Movement,
A. D. Cowper, trans. (London, 1926); “On a Heuristic Viewpoint,” in
Annalen der Physik,
ser. 4, vol. 17, pp. 132-48; “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” (special theory), in H. A. Lorentz et al.,
The Principle of Relativity,
W. Perrett and G. B. Jeffery, trans. (Dover, 1952), pp. 35-65; “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity,” in
ibid.,
pp. 109-64; see also (Mark, chs. 4-5, 8-10
passim:
Pais, parts 3-4
passim:
Max Born,
Einstein
’
s Theory of Relativity,
Henry L. Brose, trans. (Methuen, 1924); Albert Einstein,
Relativity: The Special and the General Theory,
Robert B. Lawson, trans. (Crown, 1961 ); Gerald Tauber, ed.,
Albert Einstein
’
s Theory of General Relativity
(Crown, 1979), esp. part 2.