Burma Redux: Global Justice and the Quest for Political Reform in Myanmar (50 page)

109.
 Richard Butwell, “Ne Win’s Burma: At the End of the First Decade,”
Asian Survey
12:10 (1972), 901–12.

110.
 The 8/135 classification remains in place today. Ian Holliday, “Ethnicity and Democratization in Myanmar,”
Asian Journal of Political Science
18:2 (2010), 111-28, p.118.

111.
 David Steinberg, “Democracy, Power, and the Economy in Myanmar: Donor Dilemmas,”
Asian Survey
31:8 (1991), 729–42, pp.733–4.

112.
 Jon A. Wiant, “Burma 1973: New Turns in the Burmese Way to Socialism,”
Asian Survey
14:2 (1974), 175–82.

113.
 Josef Silverstein, “Political Dialogue in Burma: A New Turn on the Road to Socialism?,”
Asian Survey
10:2 (1970), 133–42, p.139.

114.
 Frank N. Trager and William L. Scully, “The Third Congress of the Burma Socialist Programme Party: ‘The Need to Create Continuity and Dynamism of Leadership’,”
Asian Survey
17:9 (1977), 830–8, p.838.

115.
 Paul Theroux,
The Great Railway Bazaar: By Train through Asia
(Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1975), pp.179–206.

116.
 Andrew Selth,
Death of a Hero: The U Thant Disturbances in Burma, December 1974
(Nathan: Griffith University, 1989).

117.
 Edwin W. Martin, “The Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma: How Much Change?,”
Asian Survey
15:2 (1975), 129–35.

118.
 Trager and Scully, “The Third Congress of the Burma Socialist Programme Party.”

119.
 Josef Silverstein, “Burma in 1980: An Uncertain Balance Sheet,”
Asian Survey
21:2 (1981), 212–222, p.219.

120.
 Cited in Perry,
Myanmar (Burma) since 1962
, p.2.

121.
 Josef Silverstein, “Burma in 1981: The Changing of the Guardians Begins,”
Asian Survey
22:2 (1982), 180–90.

122.
 David I. Steinberg, “Burma in 1982: Incomplete Transitions,”
Asian Survey
23:2 (1983), 165–71.

123.
 Hugh MacDougall and Jon A. Wiant, “Burma in 1984: Political Stasis or Political Renewal?,”
Asian Survey
25:2 (1985), 241–8. Hugh C MacDougall and Jon A. Wiant, “Burma in 1985: Consolidation Triumphs over Innovation,”
Asian Survey
26:2 (1986), 186–95. Robert O. Tilman, “Burma in 1986: The Process of Involution Continues,”
Asian Survey
27:2 (1987), 254–63. John B. Haseman, “Burma in 1987: Change in the Air?,”
Asian Survey
28:2 (1988), 223–8.

124.
 John Badgley, “The Union of Burma: Age Twenty Two,”
Asian Survey
11:2 (1971), 149–58, p.149.

125.
 William L. Scully and Frank N. Trager, “Burma 1979: Reversing the Trend,”
Asian Survey
20:2 (1980), 168–75, p.168.

126.
 Silverstein, “Burma in 1981,” p.189.

127.
 Trager, “Burma: 1967,” p.114.

128.
 Butwell, “Ne Win’s Burma,” p.907.

129.
 Silverstein, “Burma in 1981,” p.183.

130.
 Myat Thein,
Economic Development of Myanmar
, p.92.

131.
 Teruko Saito, cited in Perry,
Myanmar (Burma) since 1962
, p.75.

132.
 Perry,
Myanmar (Burma) since 1962
, p.54.

133.
 Perry,
Myanmar (Burma) since 1962
, p.59.

134.
 Perry,
Myanmar (Burma) since 1962
, p.59.

135.
 Thant Myint-U,
The River of Lost Footsteps
, p.317.

136.
 Mya Maung,
The Burma Road to Poverty
(New York, NY: Praeger, 1991).

137.
 Josef Silverstein and Julian Wohl, “University Students and Politics in Burma,”
Pacific Affairs
37:1 (1964), 50–65.

138.
 Bertil Lintner,
Outrage: Burma’s Struggle for Democracy
(Hong Kong: Review Publishing Company, 1989), pp.115–16.

139.
 Lintner,
Outrage
, p.119.

140.
 Ne Win remained influential into the 1990s, but died in relative obscurity on December 5, 2002 with no state funeral and only minimal notice in state media.

141.
 Lintner,
Outrage
, p.126.

142.
 Lintner,
Outrage
, p.133.

143.
 Pascal Khoo Thwe,
From the Land of Green Ghosts: A Burmese Odyssey
(London: HarperCollins, 2002).

144.
 Derek Tonkin, “The 1990 Elections in Myanmar: Broken Promises or a Failure of Communication?,”
Contemporary Southeast Asia
29:1 (2007), 33–54, p.37.

145.
 Lintner,
Outrage
, p.154.

146.
 Zaw Oo, “Aung San Suu Kyi: Gandhian Dissident Democrat,” in John Kane, Haig Patapan and Benjamin Wong (eds),
Dissident Democrats: The Challenge of Democratic Leadership in Asia
(New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 241–70.

147.
 Aung San Suu Kyi,
Freedom from Fear: And Other Writings
, rev. ed. (London: Penguin, 1995), p.198.

148.
 Aung San Suu Kyi,
Freedom from Fear
, p.204.

149.
 Lintner,
Burma in Revolt
, p.351.

150.
 Federico Ferrara, “Why Regimes Create Disorder: Hobbes’s Dilemma during a Rangoon Summer,”
Journal of Conflict Resolution
47:3 (2003), 302–25, p.311.

151.
 Cited in Lintner,
Outrage
, p.176.

152.
 Mancur Olson, “Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development,”
American Political Science Review
87:3 (1993), 567–76.

153.
 Michael Aung-Thwin, “1948 and Burma’s Myth of Independence,” in Josef Silverstein (ed.),
Independent Burma at Forty Years: Six Assessments
(Ithaca, NY: Cornell Southeast Asia Program, 1989), 19–34.

Chapter 3

1.
     Monique Skidmore,
Karaoke Fascism: Burma and the Politics of Fear
(Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004). Christina Fink,
Living Silence in Burma: Surviving under Military Rule
, 2
^nd
ed. (London/Chiang Mai: Zed Books/Silkworm Books, 2009).

2.
     Khin Zaw Win, “A Burmese Perspective on Prospects for Progress,” in Monique Skidmore and Trevor Wilson (eds),
Myanmar: The State, Community and the Environment
(Canberra: ANU E Press and Asian Pacific Press, 2007), 18–35. Kyaw Yin Hlaing, “Aung San Suu Kyi of Myanmar: A Review of the Lady’s Biographies,”
Contemporary Southeast Asia
29:2 (2007), 359–76.

3.
     Michael W. Charney,
A History of Modern Burma
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), pp.170–200.

4.
     John Kane,
The Politics of Moral Capital
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp.147–71.

5.
     Benedict Rogers,
Than Shwe: Unmasking Burma’s Tyrant
(Chiang Mai: Silkworm, 2010).

6.
     US Department of State, “Burma: Than Shwe is the problem,” May 8, 2008. WikiLeaks US Embassy Cables, ref. 08RANGOON333.

7.
     Win Min, “Looking inside the Burmese Military,”
Asian Survey
48:6 (2008), 1018–37.

8.
     Ardeth Maung Thawnghmung,
Behind the Teak Curtain: Authoritarianism, Agricultural Policies and Political Legitimacy in Rural Burma/Myanmar
(London: Kegan Paul, 2004).

9.
     Monique Skidmore, “Introduction: Burma at the Turn of the Twenty-first Century,” in Monique Skidmore (ed.),
Burma at the Turn of the Twenty-first Century
(Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i Press, 2005), 1–18, p.6.

10.
   Kyaw Yin Hlaing, “Setting the Rules for Survival: Why the Burmese Military Regime Survives in an Age of Democratization,”
Pacific Review
22:3 (2009), 271–91, pp.275, 283.

11.
   Kyaw Yin Hlaing, “Power and Factional Struggles in Post-independence Burmese Governments,”
Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
39:1 (2008), 149–77, pp.171–3.

12.
   Alex M. Mutebi, “‘Muddling through’ Past Legacies: Myanmar’s Civil Bureaucracy and the Need for Reform,” in Kyaw Yin Hlaing, Robert H. Taylor and Tin Maung Maung Than (eds),
Myanmar: Beyond Politics to Societal Imperatives
(Singapore: ISEAS Publications, 2005), 140–60.

13.
   Neil A. Englehart, “Is Regime Change Enough for Burma? The Problem of State Capacity,”
Asian Survey
45:4 (2005), 622–44, pp.624–8. Alison Vicary, “The Relief and Reconstruction Programme following Cyclone Nargis: A Review of SPDC Policy,” in Nick Cheesman, Monique Skidmore and Trevor Wilson (eds),
Ruling Myanmar: From Cyclone Nargis to National Elections
(Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2010), 208–35.

14.
   Tin Maung Maung Than, “Myanmar: Preoccupation with Regime Survival, National Unity, and Stability,” in Muthiah Alagappa, ed.,
Asian Security Practice: Material and Ideational Influences
(Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998), 390–416.

15.
   Bruce Matthews, “The Present Fortune of Tradition-bound Authoritarianism in Myanmar,”
Pacific Affairs
71:1 (1998), 7–23, pp.14–15.

16.
   Ardeth Maung Thawnghmung,
Behind the Teak Curtain
, pp.211, 222.

17.
   Ardeth Maung Thawnghmung,
Behind the Teak Curtain
, p.2.

18.
   Cited in Human Rights Watch,
Human Rights Watch World Report 1992: Events of 1991
(New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 1991), p.346.

19.
   Burma Library, “Section 5 of the Emergency Provisions Act” (unofficial translation).
www.burmalibrary.org/docs6/Section_5_of_the_Emergency_Provisions_Act-en.pdf
.

20.
   Amnesty International,
Myanmar: Justice on Trial
, ASA16/019/2003 (London: Amnesty International, 2003).

21.
   International Bar Association Human Rights Institute,
Prosperity versus Individual Rights? Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law in Singapore
(No place: International Bar Association, 2008).

22.
   Nick Cheesman, “Thin Rule of Law or Un-Rule of Law in Myanmar?,”
Pacific Affairs
82:4 (2009–10), 597–613.