When China Rules the World (86 page)

57
. Nolan,
China at the Crossroads
, p. 30. Chinese tax revenues increased by 22 per cent in 2006 and by 20 per cent in 2005, which suggests that this process is continuing.

58
. David Shambaugh, ‘The Rise of China and Asia’s New Dynamics’, in Shambaugh, ed.,
Power Shift: China and Asia’s New Dynamics
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), p. 18.

59
. ‘Year of the Three Big Headaches’,
South China Morning Post
, 4 January 2007.

60
. ‘China’s Priorities’,
Financial Times
, 9 March 2008.

61
. Yu Yongding, ‘China’s Structural Adjustment’, p. 5.

62
. Yu Yongding, ‘China’s Rise, Twin Surplus and the Change of China’s Development Strategy’, pp. 24-5.

63
. ‘What Will the World Gain from China in 20 Years?’
China Business Review
, March/April 2003.

64
. Zha Daojiong, ‘China’s Energy Security and Its International Relations’,
China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly
, 3: 3 (November 2005), p. 44; and Yu Yongding, ‘The Interactions between China and the World Economy’, unpublished paper, Nikkei Simbon Symposium, 5 April 2005, p. 2.

65
. Lester R. Brown, ‘A New World Order’,
Guardian
, 25 January 2006.

66
. Javier Blas and Carola Hoyos, ‘IEA Predicts Oil Price to Rebound to $100’,
Financial Times
, 5 November 2008.

67
. Joseph Kahn and Jim Yardley, ‘As China Roars, Pollution Reaches Deadly Extremes’,
New York Times
, 26 August 2007.

68
. Elizabeth C. Economy,
The River Runs Black: The Environmental Challenge to China’s Future
(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004), Chapter 2; Mark Elvin,
The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China
(New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2004), pp. 460-71.

69
. John Warburton and Leo Horn, ‘China’s Crisis: A Development Perspective (Part One)’, 25 October 2007, posted on
www.chinadialogue.net
.

70
. Gaoming Jiang and Jixi Gao, ‘The Terrible Cost of China’s Growth’, 12 January 2007, posted on
www.chinadialogue.net
; Economy,
The River Runs Black
, p. 18; Warburton and Horn, ‘China’s Crisis: A Development Perspective (Part One)’.

71
. ‘Chinese Carmakers Veer to Green’,
International Herald Tribune
, 21-22 April 2007.

72
. ‘Can Shanghai Turn Green and Grow?’, posted on
www.bbc.co.uk/news
; Lex, ‘Chinese Cars’,
Financial Times
, 6 July 2007.

73
. Yu Yongding, ‘The Interactions between China and the World Economy’, p. 3.

74
. ‘China Gains on US in Emissions’,
International Herald Tribune
, 9 November 2006.

75
. Warburton and Horn, ‘China’s Crisis’.

76
. ‘China Gas Emissions “May Pass US”’, 25 April, 2007, posted on
http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk
. The International Energy Agency originally estimated that China would surpass the US in 2009 as the biggest emitter of the main gas linked to global warming.

77
.
www.foundation.org.uk/801/311002_2pdf
.

78
. Jonathon Porritt, ‘China Could Lead the Fight for a Cooler Climate’, 13 November 2007, posted on
www.chinadialogue.net
(accessed 2/6/08). The Chinese National Climate Change Assessment Report has predicted that by 2020 the average temperature in China will increase by between 1.1°C and 2.1° C.

79
. Maddison,
Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run
, p. 97.

80
. ‘Climate Key Issue for Wen at Asean Talks’,
South China Morning Post
, 19 November 2007.

81
. Warburton and Horn, ‘China’s Crisis (Part One)’.

82
. ‘Economy is More Important, China Says’,
International Herald Tribune
, 5 June 2007; Porritt, ‘China Could Lead the Fight for a Cooler Climate.’

83
. Hu Angang, ‘Green Development: The Inevitable Choice for China, Parts One and Two’, posted on
www.chinadialogue.net
(acessed 2/6/08).

84
. Dominic Ziegler, ‘Reaching for Renaissance: A Special Report on China and Its Region’,
The Economist
, 31 March 2007.

85
. John Warburton and Leo Horn, ‘China’s Crisis: A Development Perspective (Part Two), 25 October 2007, posted on
www.chinadialogue.net
; Keith Bradsher and David Barboza, ‘Pollution from Chinese Coal Casts a Global Shadow’,
New York Times
, 11 June 2006.

86
. Porritt, ‘China Could Lead the Fight for a Cooler Climate’.

87
. ‘China Carmakers Go Green in Drive for Profit’,
Financial Times
, 20 April 2008.

88
. Each car had to spend one day a week off the road. These restrictions were reintroduced again after the Olympics in an effort to improve air quality.

89
. Chunli Lee, ‘Strategic Alliances of Chinese, Japanese and US firms in the Chinese Manufacturing Industry: The Impact of “China Prices” and Integrated Localization’, paper presented for the Fairbank Center for East Asia Research, Harvard University, October 2004.

90
. James Kynge,
China Shakes the World: The Rise of a Hungry Nation
(London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2006), pp. 160-62.

91
. Gilboy, ‘The Myth behind China’s Miracle’, pp. 4-5.

92
. Kynge,
China Shakes the World
, pp. 108-10, 112; Shenkar,
The Chinese Century
, pp. 66-8.

93
. Kynge,
China Shakes the World
, p. 109.

94
. Prestowitz,
Three Billion New Capitalists
, pp. 147, 149; Kynge,
China Shakes the World
, pp. 83-4; Shenkar,
The Chinese Century
, p. 165.

95
. Kynge,
China Shakes the World
, pp. 72, 78-82.

96
. Prestowitz,
Three Billion New Capitalists
, p. 143.

97
. James Wilsdon and James Keeley,
China: The Next Science Superpower?
(London: Demos, 2007), p. 9.

98
. Ibid., p. 7.

99
. Ibid., p. 16.

100
. Ping Zhou and Loet Leydesdorff, ‘The Emergence of China as a Leading Nation in Science’,
Research Policy
, 35 (2006), pp. 86-92, 100; Wilsdon and Keeley,
China
, pp. 16-17.

101
. Zhou and Leydesdorff, ‘The Emergence of China as a Leading Nation in Science’, p. 100.

102
. Wilsdon and Keeley,
China
, p. 32.

103
. Nicholas D. Kristof, ‘The Educated Giant’,
International Herald Tribune
, 29 May 2007.

104
. Wilsdon and Keeley,
China
, p. 29.

105
. Zhou and Leydesdorff, ‘The Emergence of China as a Leading Nation in Science’, p. 84.

106
. Wilsdon and Keeley,
China
, pp. 30-31; Geoff Dyer, ‘How China is Rising Through the Innovation Ranks’,
Financial Times
, 5 January 2007; Shenkar,
The Chinese Century
, p. 74; Gittings,
The Changing Face of China
, p. 263.

107
. Suntech Power Holdings, for example, has grown big and successful as China’s leading maker of silicon photovoltaic solar cells; Thomas L. Friedman, ‘China’s Sunshine Boys’,
International Herald Tribune
, 7 December 2006. Also ‘China Climbs Technology Value Chain’,
South China Morning Post
, 30 March 2007; Victor Keegan, ‘Virtual China looks for Real Benefits’,
Guardian
, 1 November 2007; ‘High-tech-Hopefuls: A Special Report on Technology in India and China’,
The Economist
, 10 November 2007.

108
. ‘Chinese Patents in “Sharp Rise”’, posted on
www.bloc.co.uk/news
.

109
. ‘China Makes a Move into High-value Exports’,
International Herald Tribune
, 7 June 2007.

110
. ‘Faced with a Steep Learning Curve’,
Financial Times
special report on global brands, 23 April 2007
.

111
. Lee, ‘Strategic Alliances’, pp. 5-6.

112
. Nolan,
Transforming China
, p. 206.

113
. Ibid., pp. 205, 233-93.

114
. Nolan,
China at the Crossroads
, p. 24.

115
. Chunli Lee, ‘China Targets Detroit’,
World Business
, April 2006, pp. 30-32. Local car-makers dominate cars priced below RM 100,000 ($12,000); foreign car-makers all those above. Ibid., pp. 30-32; also ‘Minicars Drive Geely’,
South China Morning Post
, 16 September 2006.

116
. ‘India’s Car for the Common Man’, posted on
www.bbc.co.uk
(accessed 13/5/08). Also Anand Giridharadas, ‘Spirit of Gandhi Inspires a Bargain’,
International Herald Tribune
, 8 January 2008.

117
. Chunli Lee, ‘Trends of Open Product Architecture and Internationalisation of Private Companies in the Chinese Automobile Industry’,
Aichi University Economic Review
, 169 (November 2005), pp. 3-5, 10-14, 23-5; Chunli Lee, Jin Chen and Takahiro Fujimoto, ‘Chinese Automobile Industry and Product Architectures’, unpublished paper; Chunli Lee, ‘Product Development by Chinese Automakers: The Dilemma of Imitation and Innovation’, unpublished working paper for International Vehicle Program, MIT, July 2007, pp. 1-30.

118
. Geely, for example, has announced that it will assemble cars in Indonesia; ‘Geely to Make Cars in Indonesia as Malaysia Refuses to Host Plant’,
South China Morning Post
, 28 September 2006. ‘Chery Gears Up for US Roll-out’,
South China Morning Post
, 26 April 2006.

119
. ‘TCL to Close TV Factories in Europe’,
South China Morning Post
, 1 November 2006.

120
. ‘US Market is Losing Its Appeal to China’,
International Herald Tribune
, 18 April 2007.

121
. ‘China’s Plane Ambitions Take Off’, posted on
www.bbc.co.uk/news
.

122
. ‘Airbus Near a Deal for Assembly Line in China’,
International Herald Tribune
, 16 March 2006.

123
. ‘Chinese Group to Bid for All Six Airbus Plants’,
Guardian
, 19 June 2007.

124
. ‘Air Battle on the Ground in China’,
International Herald Tribune
, 28 February 2007.

125
. ‘China Plans Space Station in 2020’ and ‘China Launches First Moon Orbiter’, posted on
www.bbc.co.uk/news
.

126
. For the steady penetration of Chinese TV sets into the US market, see Shenkar,
The Chinese Century
, pp. 152-3; and
China Goes Global
(London:
Financial Times
, 2005).

127
. ‘Faced with a Steep Learning Curve’,
Financial Times
special report on global brands, 23 April 2007; ‘China Aims for Spot among Top World Brands’,
South China Morning Post
, 5 October 2006.

128
. Lenovo is the world’s fourth biggest PC seller; Sonia Kolesnikov-Jessop, ‘Putting Lenovo’s Brand on the Global Map’,
International Herald Tribune
, 27-8 September 2008.

129
. ‘PetroChina Overtakes Exxon After Shanghai Debut’,
Financial Times
, 5 November 2007; Gideon Rachman, ‘China Has Risen’, international affairs blog,
Financial Times
, 9 November 2007; also Andy Xie, ‘China’s Bubble May Burst But the Impact Will Be Limited’,
Financial Times
, 16 October 2007.

130
. ‘A Complex Rationale for China’s Raid on Rio’,
Financial Times
, 13 February 2008.

131
. Lex, ‘Chinese Oil Majors’,
Financial Times
, 29 October 2008.

132
. ‘China Turns Risk Averse, Even as Capital Outflows Rise’,
Financial Times
, 17 January 2008.

133
. Nolan,
Transforming China
, pp. 222, 227-8.

134
. Lawrence Brainard and Jonathan Fenby, ‘Chinese Takeout’,
Wall Street Journal
, 20 February 2007.

135
. Barry Naughton,
The Chinese Economy: Transitions and Growth
(Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2007), p. 313.

136
. Geoff Dyer and Richard McGregor, ‘China’s Champions: Why State Ownership is No Longer Proving a Dead Hand’,
Financial Times
, 16 March 2008.

137
. Yasheng Huang,
Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics: Entrepreneurship and the State
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), pp. 277-80.

138
. The figures in this section are mainly based on Hu Angang, ‘Five Major Scale Effects of China’s Rise’, unpublished seminar paper, East Asia Institute, National University of Singapore, 2005, pp. 1-14; also Angus Maddison,
The World Economy: Historical Statistics
(Paris: OECD, 2003).

139
. Yu Yongding, ‘The Interactions between China and the World Economy’, p. 4.

140
. ‘The Dragon and the Eagle Survey’,
The Economist
, 2 October 2004, p. 29.

141
. See, for example, Roger F. Noriega, ‘China’s Influence in the Western Hemisphere’, statement before the House Sub-committee on the Western Hemisphere, Washington, DC , 16 April 2005; Prestowitz,
Three Billion New Capitalists
, p. 241; and Leni Wild and David Mepnam, eds,
The New Sinosphere: China in Africa
(London: Institute for Public Policy Research, 2006).

142
. Prestowitz,
Three Billion New Capitalists
, p. 240; Shenkar,
The Chinese Century
, p. 110; ‘Latin Textile Makers Feel Chinese Pressure’,
International Herald Tribune
, 2 April 2007.