Burma Redux: Global Justice and the Quest for Political Reform in Myanmar (55 page)

Read Burma Redux: Global Justice and the Quest for Political Reform in Myanmar Online

Authors: Ian Holliday

Tags: #Political Science/International Relations/General, #HIS003000, #POL011000, #History/Asia/General

BOOK: Burma Redux: Global Justice and the Quest for Political Reform in Myanmar
6.05Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub

34.
   Kyaw Kyaw, “Burma’s parliamentary system explained,”
New Mandala
, April 1, 2011.
http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2011/04/01/burmas-parliamentary-system-explained
.

35.
   
Irrawaddy
, “Misreading Burma’s crisis.”

36.
   W. B. Gallie, “Essentially Contested Concepts,”
Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society
56 (1955–56), 167–98.

37.
   David Held,
Models of Democracy
, 3
rd
ed. (Cambridge: Polity, 2006).

38.
   Joseph A. Schumpeter,
Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy
(London: Routledge, 1992).

39.
   Human Rights Watch,
“I Want to Help My Own People”: State Control and Civil Society in Burma after Cyclone Nargis
(New York, NY: Human Rights Watch, 2010), p.58, n.130.

40.
   David Collier and Steven Levitsky, “Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research,”
World Politics
49:3 (1997), 430–51.

41.
   Enrique Krause,
Por una democracia sin adjetivos
(Mexico City: Joaquín Mortiz & Planeta, 1986).

42.
   Roman David and Ian Holliday, “International Sanctions or International Justice? Shaping Political Development in Myanmar,”
Australian Journal of International Affairs
(2011), forthcoming.

43.
   Sheri Berman, “How Democracies Emerge: Lessons from Europe,”
Journal of Democracy
18:1 (January 2007), 28–41, p.28.

44.
   Seymour Martin Lipset,
Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics
(London: Heinemann, 1960). Gabriel A. Almond and Sidney Verba,
The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963). Robert A. Dahl,
Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1971).

45.
   Samuel P. Huntington,
The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century
(Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991).

46.
   Francis Fukuyama,
The End of History and the Last Man
(New York, NY: Free Press, 1992).

47.
   The thesis was originally cast as liberal peace theory. See Michael W. Doyle, “Kant, Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs,”
Philosophy and Public Affairs
12:3 (1983), 205–35.

48.
   Edward D. Mansfield and Jack Snyder, “Democratization and the Danger of War,”
International Security
20:1 (Summer 1995), 5–38. Edward D. Mansfield and Jack Snyder, “Democratization and War,”
Foreign Affairs
74:3 (1995), 79–97. Jack L. Snyder,
From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict
(New York, NY: Norton, 2000). Amy Chua,
World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability
(New York, NY: Doubleday, 2003). Fareed Zakaria,
The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad
(New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 2003). Edward D. Mansfield and Jack Snyder,
Electing to Fight: Why Emerging Democracies Go to War
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005).

49.
   Mansfield and Snyder,
Electing to Fight
, pp.18–19.

50.
   Seymour Martin Lipset, “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy,”
American Political Science Review
53:1 (1959), 69–105.

51.
   Barrington Moore, Jr.,
Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World
(Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1966), p.418.

52.
   Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Huber Stephens and John D. Stephens,
Capitalist Development and Democracy
(Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1992).

53.
   Adam Przeworski, Michael E. Alvarez, José Antonio Cheibub and Fernando Limongi,
Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950–1990
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).

54.
   Carles Boix and Susan Carol Stokes, “Endogenous Democratization,”
World Politics
55:4 (2003), 517–49.

55.
   Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel,
Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence
(New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2005).

56.
   Almond and Verba,
The Civic Culture
.

57.
   Robert D. Putnam with Robert Leonardi and Raffaella Y. Nonetti,
Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993), pp.183, 185.

58.
   Robert D. Putnam,
Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community
(New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2000).

59.
   Mansfield and Snyder,
Electing to Fight
, p.2.

60.
   Dahl,
Polyarchy
.

61.
   Mansfield and Snyder,
Electing to Fight
, pp.17–18.

62.
   Ian Holliday, “Voting and Violence in Myanmar: Nation Building for a Transition to Democracy,”
Asian Survey
48:6 (2008), 1038–58.

63.
   Mansfield and Snyder,
Electing to Fight
, p.266.

64.
   Carol Skalnik Leff, “Democratization and Disintegration in Multinational States: The Breakup of the Communist Federations,”
World Politics
51:2 (1999), 205–35.

65.
   Andrew Reynolds, Alfred Stepan, Zaw Oo and Stephen Levine, “How Burma Could Democratize,”
Journal of Democracy
12:4 (October 2001), 95–108.

66.
   Ashley South,
Burma’s Longest War: Anatomy of the Karen Conflict
(Amsterdam: Transnational Institute and Burma Center Netherlands, 2011), p.47.

67.
   Kristin M. Bakke and Erik Wibbels, “Diversity, Disparity, and Civil Conflict in Federal States,”
World Politics
59:1 (2006), 1–50. Gerald Schneider and Nina Wiesehomeier, “Rules that Matter: Political Institutions and the Diversity-Conflict Nexus,”
Journal of Peace Research
45:2 (2008), 183–203.

68.
   Hale E. Henry, “Divided We Stand: Institutional Sources of Ethnofederal State Survival and Collapse,”
World Politics
56:2 (2004), 165–93.

69.
   Benjamin B. Smith, “Life of the Party: The Origins of Regime Breakdown and Persistence under Single-party Rule,”
World Politics
57:3 (2005), 421–51.

70.
   Guillermo O’Donnell and Philippe C. Schmitter,
Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies
(Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), p.21.

71.
   O’Donnell and Schmitter,
Transitions from Authoritarian Rule
, p.38.

72.
   O’Donnell and Schmitter,
Transitions from Authoritarian Rule
, p.59.

73.
   O’Donnell and Schmitter,
Transitions from Authoritarian Rule
, pp.3, 62.

74.
   Michael McFaul, “The Fourth Wave of Democracy and Dictatorship: Noncooperative Transitions in the Postcommunist World,”
World Politics
54:2 (2002), 212–44.

75.
   Valerie Bunce, “Rethinking Recent Democratization: Lessons from the Postcommunist Experience,”
World Politics
55:2 (2003), 167–92.

76.
   McFaul, “The Fourth Wave of Democracy and Dictatorship.”

77.
   Kyaw Yin Hlaing, “Setting the Rules for Survival: Why the Burmese Military Regime Survives in an Age of Democratization,”
Pacific Review
22:3 (2009), 271–91. Mary Callahan, “The Endurance of Military Rule in Burma: Not Why, but Why Not?,” in in Susan L. Levenstein, ed.,
Finding Dollars, Sense, and Legitimacy in Burma
(Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2010), 54–76.

78.
   Mark Duffield, “On the Edge of ‘No Man’s Land’: Chronic Emergency in Myanmar,” School of Sociology, Politics, and International Studies, University of Bristol Working Paper No. 01–08.
www.bristol.ac.uk/spais/research/workingpapers/wpspaisfiles/duffield0108.pdf
.

79.
   Ashley South, “Political Transition in Myanmar: A New Model for Democratization,”
Contemporary Southeast Asia
26:2 (2004), 233–55. Duffield, “On the Edge of ‘No Man’s Land’.” Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies,
Listening to Voices from Inside: Myanmar Civil Society’s Response to Cyclone Nargis
(Phnom Penh: Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, 2009). CDA Collaborative Learning Projects,
Listening Project: Field Visit Report: Myanmar/Burma
(No place: CDA, 2009). Callahan, “The Endurance of Military Rule in Burma.” Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies,
Listening to Voices from Inside: Ethnic People Speak
(Phnom Penh: Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, 2010).

80.
   Zaw Oo and Win Min,
Assessing Burma’s Ceasefire Accords
(Washington, DC: East-West Center Washington, 2007).

81.
   Wai Moe, “One blood, one voice, one command,”
Irrawaddy
, June 27, 2008.

82.
   Maung Zarni, “An Inside View of Reconciliation,” in Lex Rieffel (ed.),
Myanmar/Burma: Inside Challenges, Outside Interests
(Washington, DC: Konrad Adenauer Foundation/Brookings Institution Press, 2010), 52–76.

83.
   Aung San Suu Kyi,
Freedom from Fear; And Other Writings
, 2
nd
ed. (London: Penguin, 1995), pp.249–59. Maung Aung Myoe, “The National Reconciliation Process in Myanmar,”
Contemporary Southeast Asia
24:2 (2002), 371–84.

84.
   
New York Times
, “Myanmar dissident calls for change,” November 14, 2010.

85.
   Movement for Democracy and Rights of Ethnic Nationalities,
2010 Elections: Stealing Democracy
, March 2010.
http://humanrightshouse.org/Articles/13800.html
.

86.
   “Open letter of Myanmar fraternal democratic parties to European Union regarding economic sanctions against Myanmar,” March 11, 2011.
www.networkmyanmar.org
.

87.
   Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies,
Listening to Voices from Inside: Ethnic People Speak
(Phnom Penh: Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, 2010), pp.5–6.

88.
   Reynolds and his colleagues hold Myanmar to be an unpromising environment for a pacted transition. Reynolds, et al, “How Burma Could Democratize,” p.106.

89.
   Mikael Gravers (ed.),
Exploring Ethnic Diversity in Burma
(Copenhagen: NIAS Press, 2007). Ashley South,
Ethnic Politics in Burma: States of Conflict
(Abingdon: Routledge, 2008).

Other books

Upon the Midnight Clear by Sherrilyn Kenyon
The Beast of Caer Baddan by Vaughn, Rebecca
The Long Exile by Melanie McGrath
Elantris by Brandon Sanderson
False Testimony by Rose Connors
Metro by Langstrup, Steen